Changes in biochemical parameters of a soil from a tropical Brazilian forest slashed and burned for establishment of pastures were estimated through microbial biomass, a sensitive indicator of changes in soil fertility. In a chronological sequence of pastures (2 to 13 years), microbial biomass and soil respiration of topsoil (0-5 cm) increased with the age up to the fifth year after pasture establishment, followed by a progressive decline, which was prominent after the eighth year as pasture. Lower nitrogen mineralization rate was found in these soils suggesting that nitrogen stock may be decreasing, which can lead to nitrogen defficiency in older pasture soils. Root mass in the first 20 cm of soil drastically decreased when pastures were established. The C/N ratio in fine roots was greater in the pasture than in the primary forest. This could indicate the formation, by the pasture grass, of a soil organic matter with less potencial of nutrient mineralization, which eventually can contribute to the low pasture productivity in the medium term and its posterior degradation. A five-year period of fallow after pasture abandonment seemed to be too short for the recovery of a soil used for grazing of moderate intensity during four years.
Microbial Biomass; Old Pastures; Nitrogen Mineralization