Richness measures |
1. Species Richness (S) |
S = total number of species |
McIntosh (1967) |
2. Species density (Sd) |
|
Magurran (2012) |
3. Fisher’s alpha (α) |
where: N = total number of individuals
x = number of species that only have one individual
|
Fisher (1943) |
4. Gleason (Dg) |
where: ln = natural log
|
Gleason (1922) |
5. Margalef (Dmg) |
|
Margalef (1957) |
6. Menhinick (Dmn) |
|
Menhinick (1964) |
7. Jentsch’s mixture quotient (QM) |
|
Förster (1973) |
Evenness measures |
8. McIntosh’s evenness (MciE) |
where:
ni = number of individuals of i species
|
Pielou (1975) |
9. Smith-Wilson evenness (Evar ) |
where: ni = number of individuals of species i;
nj = number of individuals of species j;
S = total number of species
|
Smith and Wison (1996) |
10. Simpson’s evenness (Es) |
where D = Simpson dominance
where ni = number of individuals of species i;
N = total number of individuals;
S = total number of species
|
Williams (1964) |
11. Pielou-Simpson evenness (EPs) |
where: D = Simpson dominance;
ln = natural log;
S = total number of species
|
Magurran (2012) |
12. Gini-Simpson evenness (E1-D) |
where: D = Simpson dominance;
S = total number of species
|
Simpson (1949); Smith Wilson (1996) |
13. Buzas-Gibson evenness (Ebg) |
where e = antilog of H;
H = Shannon’s exponential index;
S = total number of species
|
Buzas e Gibson (1969) |
14. Pielou-Shannon evenness or only Pielou evenness (J) |
where: H’ = Shannon index;
H’ =
where pi = relative density of species i = ni /N
ni = number of individuals of species i;
N = total number of individuals;
H’max = Shannon maximum = ln(S)
S = total number of species
|
Pielou (1975) |
15. Heip (EHeip) |
where: H’ = Shannon index;
S = total number of species
|
Heip (1974) |
Heterogeneity indices |
16. McIntosh’s index (MciD) |
,
where N = total number of individuals;
where: ni = number of individuals of species i;
N = total number of individuals;
|
McIntosh (1967); Magurran (2012) |
17. Brillouin (HB) |
where ni = number of individuals of species i;
N = total number of individuals
|
Brillouin (1951) |
18. Simpson’s index (D) |
D = Simpson dominance |
Simpson (1949) |
19. Simpson’s reciprocal index (Sr) |
where: D = Simpson dominance
|
Simpson (1949) |
20. Gini-Simpson’s index (Gs) |
where: D = Simpson dominance
|
Simpson (1949); Hurlbert (1971) |
21. Berger-Parker’s index (d) |
where: Nmax = n individuals of most abundant species;
N = total number of individuals
|
Berger-Parker (1970) |
22. Berger-Parker’s complement (dc) |
where d = Berger-Parker’s index
|
Berger-Parker (1970) |
23. Berger-Parker’s reciprocal (dr) |
|
Berger-Parker (1970) |
24. Shannon index (H’) |
where: pi = relative density of species i = ni /N
ln = natural log;
ni = number of individuals of species i;
N = total number of individuals
|
Shannon-Weaver (1949) |
25. Shannon’s exponential index (Hexp) |
or exp (H’) |
Colwell (2016) |
26. Shannon’s maximum index (Hmax) |
where: ln = natural log;
S = Total number of species
|
Pielou (1969) |