Summary
The 39 species of Mantispidae known from Brazil are described, keys are presented for their identification, and distributions recorded. Five new synonomies are proposed: Gerstaeckerella anchietai Navás = Gerstaeckerella gigantea Enderlein, Entanoneura similis Handschin = Entanoneura batesella (Westwood), Mantispa punctata Stitz and Mantispa flavomaculata Latreille = Mantispa minuta (Fabricius), and Entanoneura brunneoningra Handschin = Mantispa januaria Navás.