Summary
Simulium cerqueirai Almeida, 1979 is considered a new synonym of S. pertinax Kollar, 1832. A new character, the Frontal Index, is proposed in substitution of the Frontal Angle. This character will presented the proportion between width and height of the frons of the female. The Latero-Mandibular Process is presented as a new taxonomic character in order to help in the specific identification of simulid larvae. Simulium metallicum Bellardi, 1859 is noted as a neotropical species whose larvae have Accessory Sclerites. It is proposed that Simulium goeldii Cerqueira & Nunes de Mello, 1967 should be put alone in a separate group, within this genus, until the discovery of other species near this allow better characterization of the group. This species is revised to include new taxonomic characters.