FORTES, Saine Leonam Kador; GONÇALVES, José Francisco de Carvalho; COSTA, Karen Cristina Pires da; LOPES, Jussara de Souza; FERREIRA, Marciel José; LIMA, Roberval Monteiro Bezerra de; NINA JUNIOR, Adamir da Rocha

Saine Leonam Kador FORTES

Fundação de Tecnologia do Estado do Acre (FUNTAC), Forest Management Technology Department, Rio Branco - Acre, Brazil

José Francisco de Carvalho GONÇALVES ^** Corresponding author: jfc@inpa.gov.br

Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA-MCTI), Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Manaus - Amazonas, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9197-4617

Karen Cristina Pires da COSTA

Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará (UNIFESSPA), Faculty of Agronomy, Marabá - Pará, Brazil

Jussara de Souza LOPES

Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA-MCTI), Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Manaus - Amazonas, Brazil

Marciel José FERREIRA

Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Laboratory of Silviculture, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

Roberval Monteiro Bezerra de LIMA

Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Manaus - Amazonas, Brazil

Adamir da Rocha NINA JUNIOR

Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas (IFAM) - Campus Humaitá, Amazonas, Brazil

* Corresponding author: jfc@inpa.gov.br

ASSOCIATE EDITOR:

Tomas F. Domingues

Figuras (4)
Tabelas (1)

Thumbnail

Figure 1
Minimum monthly temperature (A), maximum monthly temperature (B), monthly hours of sunlight (C), and monthly rainfall (D) for the period 1972-2014 (monthly averages) and for 2015 in Itacoatiara, Amazonas, Brazil. Vertical bars represent the confidence interval of 95%, and the vertical dotted lines delimit the experimental period. Source: National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) Brazil.

Thumbnail

Figure 2
Absolute growth rates in height (A) and diameter (B) of the dominant sprout in coppice regrowth samples of Bertholletia excelsa under three thinning treatments measured from July (Jul.) to October (Oct.), and October (Oct.) to December (Dec.) 2015 in a dense forest plantation subjected to thinning. Symbols represent the mean and vertical bars of the standard deviations of the treatments: T1 = thinning to one sprout per stump; T2 = thinning to two sprouts per stump; and T3 = maintenance of three sprouts per stump) (n = 8 per treatment).

Thumbnail

Figure 3
Ecophysiological parameters of the dominant sprout of coppice regrowth samples in a dense plantation forest of Bertholletia excelsa under thinning treatments measured in July (Jul), October (Oct), and December (Dec) in 2015. A - leaf water potential (Ψw, MPa); B - net photosynthesis rate (A, µmol CO₂ m^-2 s^-1); C - stomatal conductance (g _s , molH₂O m^-2 s^-1); D - transpiration rates (E, mmolH₂O m^-2 s^-1); E - water-use efficiency (WUE); F - intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUE_i). Symbols represent the mean and vertical bars are the standard deviations of the treatments. T1 = thinning to one sprout per stump; T2 = thinning to two sprouts per stump; and T3 = maintenance of three sprouts per stump (n = 8 per treatment).

Thumbnail

Figure 4
Leaf nutrient content of the coppice regrowth samples of Bertholletia excelsa under thinning treatments in July (Jul), October (Oct), and December (Dec) in 2015. A - nitrogen; B - phosphorus; C - potassium; D - iron; E - manganese; F - zinc. Symbols represent the mean and vertical bars are the standard deviations of the treatments. T1 = thinning to one sprout per stump; T2 = thinning to two sprouts per stump; and T3 = maintenance of three sprouts per stump (n = 8 per treatment).

Thumbnail

Table 1
Repeated measures analysis of variance of the changes in the growth and leaf functional traits of the dominant sprout of Bertholletia excelsa copice regrowth in three thinning treatments during the progression of the drought of 2015-2016 (time), and interaction between the factors (time x thinning).

Dependent variable	Time			Thinning treatment			Time x Thinning interaction
Dependent variable	F	df	P	F	df	P	F	df	P
AGR height	13.206	1, 21	0.002	0.417	2, 21	0.665	1.243	2, 21	0.309
AGR diameter	0.955	1, 21	0.340	1.610	2, 21	0.224	0.018	2, 21	0.122
Ψw	57.107	2, 42	< 0.001	0.369	2, 21	0.696	0.201	4, 42	0.110
A	75.657	2, 42	< 0.001	0.336	2, 21	0.719	0.290	4, 42	0.883
R_d	7.861	1.531, 32.153	0.003	1.349	2, 21	0.281	4.270	3.062, 32.153	0.739
Ci	75.657	2, 42	<0.001	0.249	2, 21	0.782	0.836	4, 42	0.510
g_s	16.67	2, 42	<0.001	0.171	2, 21	0.844	0.121	4, 42	0.974
E	18.255	2, 42	<0.001	0.211	2, 21	0.811	0.059	4, 42	0.993
F_v/F_M	1.48	2, 42	0.239	0.072	2, 21	0.931	0.524	4, 42	0.719
PI_abs	1.803	2, 42	0.177	0.08	2, 21	0.923	1.618	4, 42	0.188
PI_total	2.801	2, 42	0.072	0.002	2, 21	0.998	1.092	4, 42	0.373
Chl_a	0.197	2, 42	0.822	0.347	2, 21	0.711	0.242	4, 42	0.913
Chl_b	0.497	1.518, 31.871	0.562	0.0	2, 21	1.0	0.308	3.035, 31.871	0.822
C_{c + x}	0.449	2, 42	0.641	0.629	2, 21	0.543	0.154	4, 42	0.960
Chl_total	0.282	2, 42	0.756	0.668	2, 21	0.524	0.192	4, 42	0.941
Chl_total / C_{c + x}	0.294	2, 42	0.747	0.194	2, 21	0.825	0.635	4, 42	0.640
Chl_a /Chl_b	13.510	2, 42	<0.001	0.078	2, 21	0.925	0.739	4, 42	0.571
N	11.741	1.510, 31.707	<0.001	1.641	2, 21	0.218	0.579	3.020, 31.707	0.634
P	42.357	2, 42	<0.001	11.219	2, 21	<0.001	2.042	4, 42	0.106
Ca	17.820	2, 42	<0.001	0.819	2, 21	0.454	0.948	4, 42	0.446
Mg	9.174	2, 42	<0.001	1.811	2, 21	0.188	2.430	4, 42	0.062
K	46.406	2, 42	<0.001	0.476	2, 21	0.628	1.26	4, 42	0.301
Fe	3.941	1.532, 32.179	0.027	0.049	2, 21	0.952	0.345	3.065, 32.179	0.797
Mn	3.779	2, 42	0.031	0.291	2, 21	0.750	0.915	4, 42	0.464
Zn	2.007	1.319, 27.695	0.165	0.594	2, 21	0.561	1.324	2.638, 27.695	0.286

[1] * Corresponding author: jfc@inpa.gov.br

Brasil

Brasil

Growth and functional leaf traits of coppice regrowth of Bertholletia excelsa during an El Niño event in the central Amazon

RESUMO