Inflorescence |
Terminal and axillary, with determinate growth, pauciflorous, congested |
Terminal and axillary, with determinate growth (rarely indeterminate growth, and pseudoaxillary), pluriflorous, congested |
Axillary, with indeterminate growth (rarely determinate), pauciflorous, congested |
Terminal and axillary, with determinate growth, pluriflorous, congested |
Terminal and pseudoaxillary, with determinate growth, pauciflorous (o rarely pluriflorous), congested |
Calyx |
calyx 4-lobed, equal |
calyx 2 or 4-lobed, equal |
calyx 4-lobed, equal (rarely subequal) |
calyx 4-lobed, 2 large and 2 small ones, rarely almost equal. |
calyx 4-lobed (rarely 2), equal |
Corolla shape |
infundibuliform |
infundibuliform, campanuliform, or cyathiform |
infundibuliform |
hypocrateriform |
urceolate, infundibuliform |
Stigma |
bifid |
bilobate, rarely shortly bifid or capitate-bilobate |
capitate-bilobate |
bifid |
bilobate, shortly bifid, capitate-bilobate |
Style and stamens position |
both exserted |
both exserted |
both exserted |
style exserted, stamens subexserted |
both included |
Fruit dehiscence |
dehiscence longitudinal-transverse. One carpel indehiscent and one carpel dehiscence that separates from the plant |
dehiscence longitudinal, septicidal with remnants of the septum remaining attached to the separated valves; or fruits splitting into two indehiscent valves (both remaining attached) |
dehiscence longitudinal, splitting into two indehiscent mericarps. |
dehiscence circumscissile, the upper fruit half remaining entire, fruit base and basal part of septum remaining on the pedicel |
dehiscence longitudinal, septicidal with remnants of the septum remaining attached to the separated valves; or fruits splitting into one dehiscent and one indehiscent valve (both remaining attached); or indehiscent fruits eventually tardily separated at the apex into two indehiscent carpels that remain attached to the pedicel |
Seeds |
ellipsoid, longitudinal ventral groove; exotesta reticulate-foveate |
ellipsoid, ovoid, obovoid or oblong, longitudinal ventral groove, invariable present, variably in width; ruminate seeds may be present as well as elaisome; exotesta reticulate-foveate, reticulate-areolate, or reticulate-coliculate-papillate |
obovoid, longitudinal groove, invariable present; ruminate seeds may be present (dorsal surface); exotesta reticulate-foveate or reticulate-areolate |
ovoid or ellipsoid, ventral groove quadrangular or rectangular, “X-shaped” or “inverted Y-shaped”; exotesta reticulate-foveate or reticulate-areolate |
ellipsoid, ovoid, or obovoid, longitudinal ventral groove, invariable present, variably in width; exotesta reticulate-foveate |
Pollen |
(7)–8 zonocolporate, spheroidal, small in size, ectocolpi long, endoaperture endocingulum; exine reticulate; equally covered with microspines |
6–10 zonocolporate, zonopororate, or pantoaperturate, spheroidal or sub-oblate, small, medium, or large in size, ectoaperture short colpi or pore, endoaperture lalongate, endocingulum or pore; exine perforate, perforate-microreticulum, reticulate; equally covered with microspines |
8–20 zonocolporate, spheroidal, or suboblate, large to very large, ectocolpi short, endoapertura endocingulum; exine perforate; equally covered with microspines |
5–7 zonocolpate or zonocolporate, spheroidal, medium in size, ectolongi long, endoaperture (when present) endocingulum; exine perforate or microreticulate; equally covered with microspines |
3–4, 7–10, zonocolporate, spheroidal or sub-prolate, small to very small in size, ectocolpi long, endoapertura endocingulum; exine eutectate or perforate; microspines restricted to zone around the apertures |