The Collapsible Light Trap: a portable Pennsylvania Light Trap for collecting aquatic insects

NESSIMIAN, JORGE LUIZ; SANTOS, ALLAN PAULO M.; SAMPAIO, BRUNNO HENRIQUE L.; DUMAS, LEANDRO L.; PES, ANA MARIA; FERREIRA-JR, NELSON

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202420230784

JORGE LUIZ NESSIMIAN

conceived and designed preliminary versions of the trap

conceived and designed parts of the CLT

collected and analyzed the data

write, reviewed drafts of the paper

reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Entomologia (LABENT), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, sala A1-107, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8795-2538

ALLAN PAULO M. SANTOS

conceived and designed parts of the CLT

collected and analyzed the data

prepared the illustrations

write, reviewed drafts of the paper

approved the final draft

Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Sistemática de Insetos (LabSIN), Av. Pasteur 458, sala 309A, Urca, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5567-0149

BRUNNO HENRIQUE L. SAMPAIO

conceived and designed parts of the CLT

collected and analyzed the data

prepared the illustrations

write, reviewed drafts of the paper

approved the final draft

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Entomologia (LABENT), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, sala A1-107, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3807-6798

LEANDRO L. DUMAS

conceived and designed parts of the CLT

collected and analyzed the data.

write, reviewed drafts of the paper

approved the final draft

Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Laboratório de Insetos Aquáticos (LABIA), Rodovia BR 465, Km 7, Zona Rural, ICBS, sala 22D, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil

Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Entomologia, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Mourisco, sala 214, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6590-3388

ANA MARIA PES

conceived and designed parts of the CLT

collected and analyzed the data.

write, reviewed drafts of the paper

approved the final draft

Programa Pós-Graduação em Entomologia (PPGENT), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Coordenação de Biodiversidade (COBio), Laboratório de Citotaxonomia e Insetos Aquáticos (LACIA), Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0901-5965

NELSON FERREIRA-JR

conceived and designed parts of the CLT

collected and analyzed the data.

write, reviewed drafts of the paper

approved the final draft

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Entomologia (LABENT), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, sala A1-107, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5932-7695

Correspondence to: Allan Paulo Moreira Santos E-mail: allanpms@gmail.com

Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Entomologia (LABENT), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, sala A1-107, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Sistemática de Insetos (LabSIN), Av. Pasteur 458, sala 309A, Urca, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Laboratório de Insetos Aquáticos (LABIA), Rodovia BR 465, Km 7, Zona Rural, ICBS, sala 22D, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil

Programa Pós-Graduação em Entomologia (PPGENT), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Coordenação de Biodiversidade (COBio), Laboratório de Citotaxonomia e Insetos Aquáticos (LACIA), Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil

Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Entomologia, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Mourisco, sala 214, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil

Figures (4)
Tables (3)

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Figure 2
Technical design of the Collapsible Light Trap (CLT). a: metallic support from roof top; b: metallic support from bottom funnel; c: plastic cover from roof top; d: plastic cover from bottom funnel; e: PVC ring glued to the inferior opening of the funnel; f: PVC ring glued to the opening of the collecting container; g: collecting container; h: LED tube, the LED strip has 2.5 meters outstretched. Main measures are indicated in millimeters.

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Figure 1
Collapsible Light Trap (CLT) set up and turned on near Rio Soberbo, Guapimirim municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Main parts of the trap are indicated.

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Figure 3
Main parts of the Collapsible Light Trap (CLT). a: main structure, showing the internal metallic supports, both superior and inferior; b: caudal view of the main structure, showing the PVC ring at the opening of the funnel; c: 1 L collecting container; d: LED tube with wire and plug (Brazilian type); e: PVC tube (optional) adapted with a power socket, allowing to connect 8 D batteries in series, to use instead of using an UPS battery.

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Figure 4
Collapsible Light Trap (CLT) in field. a: Items needed to set up the CLT (total weigh-4.8 kg/steel version, including the backpack) – (i) 35 L backpack to carry all items, (ii) main supports, (iii) 7 Ah 12 V battery, (iv) photo switch (optional) with wire connections, (v) collecting container, (vi) bottle with 300 ml 96% ethanol, (vii) LED light tube; b: CLT set up with tree trunk found near the stream, at Ipoema, Itabira Municipality, Minas Gerais State, Brazil; c: CLT set up at Teresópolis municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil; d: CLT after collecting night at Tijuca National Park, Rio de Janeiro municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.

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Table I
Specimens sampled with the collapsible light trap in four localities in the Tijuca National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Atlantic Forest biome). At each collecting point, one trap was set up for one night (March 30, 2022). PNT01: Rio Tijuca (22°57’21”S 43°16’51”, el. 495 m); PNT04: Riacho Bom Retiro (22°56’49”S 43°17’32”, el. 645 m); PNT05: Cachoeira das Almas (22°56’56”S 43°17’09”W, el. 533 m); PNT10: Rio das Almas (22°57’15”S 43°17’15”W, el. 495 m).

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Table II
Caddisfly specimens sampled with the collapsible light trap in six localities in the Cerrado biome, Minas Gerais, Brazil. At each collecting point, one trap was set up for one night. C02: Rio Mascates (19°24’31”S 43°34’35”W, el. 807 m); C06: Rio Cipó (19°20’39”S 43°36’55”W, el. 790 m); C29: Rio Bocaina (19°20’45”S 43°35’27”W, el. 800 m); C51: 1^st order stream (19°35’16”S 43°26’36”W, el. 615 m); C53: Córrego do Macuco (19°35’10”S 43°27’15”W, el. 617 m); C62: Córrego do Capão da Mata (19°19’55”S 43°31’12”W, el. 1,042 m). Data from A.A. Alves, unpublished master’s thesis.

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Table III
Comparisons among the traditional Pennsylvania light trap, light pan traps, LED-based Funnel Trap, and the Collapsible Light Trap.

TAXON	PNT01	PNT04	PNT05	PNT10
Blattodea	0	1	0	0
Coleoptera	47	79	45	115
Dermaptera	0	0	1	0
Diptera	317	1,055	1,067	827
Ephemeroptera	28	7	41	78
Hemiptera	12	16	5	1
Hymenoptera	51	80	32	45
Lepidoptera	6	20	5	13
Neuroptera	0	1	0	2
Orthoptera	3	1	1	1
Plecoptera
Gripopterygidae	0	2	9	3
Perlidae	10	0	8	6
Trichoptera
Calamoceratidae	0	3	0	1
Ecnomidae	0	1	0	1
Helicopsychidae	0	0	0	1
Hydrobiosidae	0	0	1	0
Hydropsychidae	34	0	7	58
Hydroptilidae	1	0	2	0
Leptoceridae	2	0	1	1
Philopotamidae	2	6	2	6
Xiphocentronidae	0	0	4	0
TOTAL	513	1,272	1,231	1,159

TAXON	C02 Nov/2018	C06 Jan/2021	C29 Jan/2021	C51 Dec/2019	C53 Dec/2019	C62 Jan/2021
Ecnomidae
Austrotinodes	2	0	1	0	0	0
Glossosomatidae		43♀	17♀		1♀	0
Itauara	0	0	0	0	3	0
Mortoniella	0	2	2	0	0	0
Protoptila	0	0	0	1	0	0
Helicopsychidae
Helicopsyche	1	0	0	0	0	8
Hydrobiosidae
Atopsyche	0	0	0	0	3	0
Hydropsychidae
Leptonema	0	0	0	0	1	1
Macronema	0		1	0	0	0
Smicridea	0	3	38	0	143	19
Hydroptilidae	5♀		115♀	19♀	27♀
Betrichia	0	0	0	0	1	0
Neotrichia	0	0	0	0	0	2
Oxyethira	0	0	0	1	0	0
Rhyacopsyche	0	0	0	0	2	0
Leptoceridae
Grumichella	0	0	0	0	1	0
Nectopsyche	0	20	0	0	21	0
Oecetis	0	2	0	0	0	0
Triplectides	0	7	0	0	6	1
Odontoceridae
Marilia	0	1	0	0	3	0
Philopotamidae
Chimarra	0	1	1	2	3	1
Polycentropodidae
Cernotina	0	0	0	5	3	0
Cyrnellus	0	9	2	1	11	0
Nyctiophylax	0	0	0	0	18	2
Polyplectropus	0	30	13	0	0	3
TOTAL	8	118	190	29	247	37

Trap	Approximate Cost (including battery)	Trap weight (except alcohol and battery)	Power source	Advantage	Disadvantage
Pennsylvania (Frost 1957FROST SW. 1957. The Pennsylvania insect light trap. J Econ Entomol 50(3): 287-292. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/50.3.287. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/50.3.287... )	US$ 150*	1.8 kg (Frost 1957FROST SW. 1957. The Pennsylvania insect light trap. J Econ Entomol 50(3): 287-292. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/50.3.287. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/50.3.287... )	Regular power source	High resistance	Too heavy Too large Urban electrical source
Light pan trap (Calor & Mariano 2012CALOR AR & MARIANO R. 2012. UV light pan traps for collecting aquatic insects. EntomoBrasilis, Vassouras 5: 164-166.)	US$ 17	0.3-0.5 kg	UPS battery 2.1 kg	Easy to set up Easy to carry	Flat area to set up Only with no rain Alcohol evaporation (?)
LED-based Funnel Trap (White et al. 2016WHITE PJT, GLOVER K, STEWART J & RICE A. 2016. The technical and performance characteristics of a low-cost, simply constructed, black light moth trap. J Insect Sci 16(1): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/iew011. https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/iew011... )	US$ 28.50**	> 1.0 kg (including power source)**	Four 9 V batteries**	Lightweight Low cost	Only with no rain Not durable Difficult to assemble
Collapsible Light Trap (here)	steel or brass versions US$ 60 aluminum version US$ 37	steel or brass versions 1.1 kg aluminum version 0.9 kg	UPS battery 2.1 kg 8 D batteries 1.3 kg 8 AA batteries 0.2 kg	Easy to set up Easy to carry Usable in rain	A support to hang

[1] Correspondence to: Allan Paulo Moreira Santos E-mail: allanpms@gmail.com

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The Collapsible Light Trap: a portable Pennsylvania Light Trap for collecting aquatic insects

Abstract