Photocatalytic performance of SiO<sub>2</sub>@TiO<sub>2</sub> spheres in selective conversion of oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde and reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline

SALGADO, BRUNO C.B.; VALENTINI, ANTONINHO

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202320220105

BRUNO C.B. SALGADO

Bruno Salgado performed the experimental procedures and analyzed the results. Antoninho Valentini guided the work and contributed to the discussion of the data.

Departamento de Química e Meio Ambiente, Instituto Federal do Ceará, Campus Maracanaú, 61939-140 Maracanaú, CE, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9858-7836

ANTONINHO VALENTINI

Bruno Salgado performed the experimental procedures and analyzed the results. Antoninho Valentini guided the work and contributed to the discussion of the data.

Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455-970 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7019-6155

Corresponcence to: Bruno C. B. Salgado E-mail: brunocesar@ifce.edu.br

Photocatalyst	Reaction condition	C (%)	S (%)	Reference
In₂S₃	C₀ = 0.033 M Catalyst = 5.3 g/L Xe (300 W) 4 h Solvent: TFB	41	99.8	Xie et al. 2014XIE M, DAI X, MENG S, FU X & CHEN S. 2014. Selective oxidation of aromatic alcohols to corresponding aromatic aldehydes using In2S3 microsphere catalyst under visible light irradiation. Chem Eng J 245: 107-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.02.029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.02.02...
	Solvent: CH₃CN	40	8.1
	Solvent: H₂O	95	1.1
TiO₂-anatase	C₀ = 0.067 M Catalyst = 5.3 g/L UV-A (100 W) 4 h Solvent: CH₃CN	44	99	Zhang et al. 2009ZHANG M, WANG Q, CHEN C, ZANG L, MA W & ZHAO J. 2009. Oxygen atom transfer in the photocatalytic oxidation of alcohols by tio2: Oxygen isotope studies. Angew. Chemie Int Ed 48: 6081-6084. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200900322. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200900322...
TiO₂/MAGSNC^a	C₀ = 1.5 mM; Catalyst = 1.0 g/L; UV-A (125 W) 4 h Solvent: CH₃CN	50	90	Colmenares et al. 2016COLMENARES JC, OUYANG W, OJEDA M, KUNA E, CHERNYAYEVA O, LISOVYTSKIY D, DE S, LUQUE R & BALU AM. 2016. Mild ultrasound-assisted synthesis of TiO2 supported on magnetic nanocomposites for selective photo-oxidation of benzyl alcohol. Appl Catal B Environ 183: 107-112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.10.034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.10...
TiO₂/MAGSNC^a	Solvent: H₂O	5	41
HP0,5^b	C₀ = 1.0 mM Catalyst = 0.4 g/L UV-A (125 W) 6 h Solvent: H₂O	50	28	Augugliaro et al. 2008AUGUGLIARO V, KISCH H, LODDO V, LOPEZ-MUÑOZ MJ, MÁRQUEZ-ÁLVAREZ C, PALMISANO G, PALMISANO L, PARRINO F & YURDAKAL S. 2008. Photocatalytic oxidation of aromatic alcohols to aldehydes in aqueous suspension of home-prepared titanium dioxide. 1. Selectivity enhancement by aliphatic alcohols. Appl Catal A Gen 349: 182-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2008.07.032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2008.07...
Au/CdMoO₄	C₀ = 0.062 M Catalyst = 33.3 g/L Xe (300 W) 4 h Solvent: TBF	32	100	Bi et al. 2015BI J, ZHOU Z, CHEN M, LIANG S, HE Y, ZHANG Z & WU L. 2015. Plasmonic Au/CdMoO4 photocatalyst: Influence ofsurface plasmon resonance for selective photocatalytic oxidation of benzylic alcohol. Appl Surf Sci 349: 292-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.04.213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.04...
SiO₂@TiO₂	C₀ = 1.0 mM Catalyst = 10.0 g/L UV-A (8 W) 5 h Solvent: CH₃CN (O₂)	49	92.8	This study
	Solvent: CH₃CN (N₂)	22	94.0
	Solvent: H₂O (O₂)	55	13.8

Photocatalyst	Reaction Condition	C (%)	S (%)	Reference
TiO₂ (MT-150A) R*	C₀ = 0.01 mol/L Cat. = 10.0 g/L UV-A 400 W, 15 min Solvent: 2-propanol (Ar)	99	98	Imamura et al. 2013IMAMURA K, YOSHIKAWA T, HASHIMOTO K & KOMINAMI H. 2013. Stoichiometric production of aminobenzenes and ketones by photocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzenes in secondary alcoholic suspension of titanium(IV) oxide under metal-free conditions. Appl Catal B Environ 134-135: 193-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.01.015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.01...
TiO₂ (JRC-TIO-6) R*		98	97
TiO₂ (ST-01) A*		80	75
TiO₂ (P25) A, R*		90	83
TiO₂ (JRC-TIO-1) A*	C₀ = 0.01 mol/L Cat. = 1.0 g/L Xe 2,000 W, 4 h Solvent: 2-propanol (N₂)	21	71	Shiraishi et al. 2012SHIRAISHI Y, TOGAWA Y, TSUKAMOTO D, TANAKA S & HIRAI T. 2012. Highly Efficient and Selective Hydrogenation of Nitroaromatics on Photoactivated Rutile Titanium Dioxide. ACS Catal 2: 2475-2481.
TiO₂ (JRC-TIO-2) R*		>99	97
Ag-TiO₂	C₀ = 1.6 x 10^-4 mol/L Cat. = 1.0 g/L UV-A 400 W, 1 h Solvent: H₂O + CH₃OH (N₂)	86	70	Huang et al. 2010HUANG H, ZHOU J, LIU H, ZHOU Y & FENG Y. 2010. Selective photoreduction of nitrobenzene to aniline on TiO2 nanoparticles modified with amino acid. J Hazard Mater 178: 994-998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.02.037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.0...
SiO₂@TiO₂	C₀ = 8.0 x 10^-4 mol/L Cat. = 10.0 g/L UV-A 8 W, 5 h Solvent: CH₃OH (N₂)	>99	85.5	This study
	Solvent: C₂H₅OH (N₂)	38	81.0
	Solvent: CH₃OH (O₂)	53	75.8

Material	S_BET (m²/g)	V* (cm³/g)
SiO₂	317	2.402
SiO₂@TiO₂	147	1.191

Brasil

Brasil

Photocatalytic performance of SiO2@TiO2 spheres in selective conversion of oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde and reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline

Abstract

Photocatalytic performance of SiO₂@TiO₂ spheres in selective conversion of oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde and reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline