Biological Activities of Species of the Genus <i>Clusia</i> L (Clusiaceae): A General Approach

PIETROLUONGO, MÁRCIA; ANHOLETI, MARIA CAROLINA; FULY, ANDRÉ L.; VALVERDE, ALESSANDRA L.; PAIVA, SELMA R. DE

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202420220649

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BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 96 (3) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202420220649 copy

Biological Activities of Species of the Genus Clusia L (Clusiaceae): A General Approach

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The genus Clusia L. is highly diverse in Central and South America, comprising about 300 species, including trees and shrubs, hemiepiphytes, epiphytes, and lianas. This genus deserves attention due to its wide range of biological activities. Clusia belongs to the Clusiaceae family, chemically characterized by the presence of xanthones, benzophenones, flavonoids, coumarins, terpenoids, and other substances with bioactive activity already described. This review aims to highlight the biological activity associated to extracts and isolated substances from species of the Clusia genus, including anti-HIV, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antinociceptive, antitumor, leishmanicidal, modulator of inflammatory processes, neutralization of toxic effects caused by snake bites, and others. This review gathered information on biological activities associated with different types of extracts and isolated substances of the genus Clusia, traditional use, chemical profile, and biological properties of plants of the genus, published in the last 23 years (1998 to 2021) and that can provide support for future research. The paper aims to provide an overview of existing knowledge about the biological properties of the genus Clusia plant species.

Key words
Biological activity; Clusia sp

Clusia species	Local name	Country	Plant Organ	Traditional use	Ref.
C. flava	-	México	Leaves	Carminative, headaches, wounds and to treat syphilis	Barrios et al. 1991BARRIOS M, CALVO M, ARGUEDAS E CASTRO O. 1991. Epicatequina en Clusia stenophylla y Clusia flava. Ing Cienc Quim 13: 27-28.
C. salvinii	Orelha de coyote	México	-	Treat gonorrhea and kidney pain	Yasunaka et al. 2005YASUNAKA K, ABE F, NAGAYAMA A, OKABE H, LOZADA-PÉREZ L, LÓPEZ-VILLAFRANCO E, MUÑIZ EE, AGUILAR A REYES-CHILPA R. 2005. Antibacterial activity of crude extracts from Mexican medicinal plants and purified coumarins and xanthones. J Ethnopharmacol 97(2): 293-299.
C. coclensis	Azahar de monte; copey, and copeicillo	Costa Rica	Leaves	Treat hypertension	Gárcia-González et al. 1998
C. insignis	-	Colombia	Floral resins	Relief from toothache	Langenhein 2003LANGENHEIN JH. 2003. Plant resins: chemistry, evolution, ecology and ethnobotany. Hong Kong: Timber Press, 586 p.
	Apuí; cebola-brava, and guapoí	Brazil	Resin	Treat constipation and healing of fissures in the breasts
	Mê miomio kangô	Brazil	-	Treat infant oral candidiasis
C. lineata	Came	Peru	Barks and stems	Treat rheumatism	Fenner et al. 2006FENNER R, BETTI AH, MENTZ LA RATES SMK. 2006. Plantas utilizadas na medicina popular brasileira com potencial atividade antifúngica. Rev Bras Ciênc farm 42(3): 369-394.
C. opaca	-	Colombia	Resiniferous barks	Mixed with the oil from the palm tree Oenocarpus bataua to treat twists and sore joints	Sanz-Biset et al. 2009SANZ-BISET J, CAMPOS-DE-LA-CRUZ J, EPIQUIEN-RIVERA MA CAÑIGUERAL SA. 2009. A first survey on the medicinal plants of the Chazuta valley (Peruvian Amazon). J Ethnopharmacol 122(2): 333-362., Fenner et al. 2006FENNER R, BETTI AH, MENTZ LA RATES SMK. 2006. Plantas utilizadas na medicina popular brasileira com potencial atividade antifúngica. Rev Bras Ciênc farm 42(3): 369-394.
C. opaca	-	Brazil	Resin	Applied on wounds to accelerate healing
C. palmicida	Came	Peru	Barks	Treat rheumatism, inguinal hernia, and broken bones	Fenner et al. 2006FENNER R, BETTI AH, MENTZ LA RATES SMK. 2006. Plantas utilizadas na medicina popular brasileira com potencial atividade antifúngica. Rev Bras Ciênc farm 42(3): 369-394.
C. planchoniana	-	Colombia	Resin	Treat toothaches	Sanz-Biset et al. 2009SANZ-BISET J, CAMPOS-DE-LA-CRUZ J, EPIQUIEN-RIVERA MA CAÑIGUERAL SA. 2009. A first survey on the medicinal plants of the Chazuta valley (Peruvian Amazon). J Ethnopharmacol 122(2): 333-362.
C. purpurea	Cebola-brava	Brazil	Inner bark	Antiseptic and wound scarrant	Fenner et al. 2006FENNER R, BETTI AH, MENTZ LA RATES SMK. 2006. Plantas utilizadas na medicina popular brasileira com potencial atividade antifúngica. Rev Bras Ciênc farm 42(3): 369-394.
Clusia sp.	Came	Peru	Barks	Macerated in rum with Calliandra angustifolia, Monteverdia macrocarpa (=Maytenus macrocarpa), Tovomita foldatsii and Tovomita stylosa used as a tonic	Sanz-Biset et al. 2009SANZ-BISET J, CAMPOS-DE-LA-CRUZ J, EPIQUIEN-RIVERA MA CAÑIGUERAL SA. 2009. A first survey on the medicinal plants of the Chazuta valley (Peruvian Amazon). J Ethnopharmacol 122(2): 333-362.
Clusia sp.	Came	Peru	Barks and stems	Treat rheumatism	Sanz-Biset et al. 2009SANZ-BISET J, CAMPOS-DE-LA-CRUZ J, EPIQUIEN-RIVERA MA CAÑIGUERAL SA. 2009. A first survey on the medicinal plants of the Chazuta valley (Peruvian Amazon). J Ethnopharmacol 122(2): 333-362.

Species	Extracts/ substances	Plant organ (solvent)	Biological activities	Dose	IC ₅₀	MIC / MBC	Ref.
C. coclensis	Extract	Leaves (H₂O)	Hypotensive effect on normotensive and hypertensive rats	40 mg/Kg	ND	ND	Gárcia-González et al. 1998, Gárcia-González et al. 1996
C. columnaris	Extract	Stems (CH₃OH:CH₂Cl₂)	Antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis (EF) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA)	ND	ND	EF: MIC = 180 μg/mL; MBC = 270 μg/mL PA: MIC = 140 μg/mL; MBC > 200 μg/mL	Suffredini et al. 2006SUFFREDINI IB, PACIENCIA ML, NEPOMUCENO DC, YOUNES RN VARELLA AD. 2006. Antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of Brazilian plant extracts of Clusiaceae. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 101(3): 287-290., Bittar et al.2000
C. columnaris	I3, II8-Binaringerin (1)	Leaves (CH₃OH)	Antinociceptive effect in mice	ND	IC₅₀ (writhing test)= 22µmol/kg IC₅₀ (formalin test) = 28µmol/kg	ND
C. grandiflora	Resins	Staminate flowers	Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans in bioautography assay	ND	ND	ND	Porto et al. 2000PORTO AL, MACHADO SM, OLIVEIRA CM, BITTRICH V, AMARAL MC MARSAIOLI AJ. 2000. Polyisoprenylated benzophenones from Clusia floral resins. Phytochemistry 55(7): 755-768., Lokvam et al. 2000LOKVAM J, BRADDOCK JF, REICHARDT PB CLAUSEN TP. 2000. Two polyisoprenylated benzophenones from the trunk latex of Clusia grandiflora (Clusiaceae). Phytochemistry 55(1): 29-34., Diaz-Carballo et al. 2012
	Resins	Pistillate flowers	Antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis, in bioautography assay	ND	ND	ND
	Nemorosone II (2)	Trunk latex (C₂H₅)₂O	Antimicrobial activity against Paenibacillus larvae and P. alvei in bioautography assay	ND	ND	ND
	Chamone I (3)	Pistillate flower (C₂H₅)₂ O		ND	ND	ND
	7-epi-nemorosone (4)	Floral resins (C₂H₅)₂O	Anticancer activity in prostate carcinoma	ND	IC₅₀ (LNCaP WT) = 4.12±0.19µM IC₅₀ (LNCaP ETO MDR1+) = 4.81±0.68µM IC₅₀ (PC-3 WT) = 5.01±0.07µM IC₅₀ (PC-3 ETO MDR1+) = 5.1±0.1µM IC₅₀ (DU-145) = 7.3±0.07µM IC₅₀ (DU-145 MDR1+) = 6.8±0.45µM	ND
C. guatemalensis	Extract	Leaves (CH₃OH:CH₂Cl₂)	Inhibition of HIV-1 virus reverse transcriptase	50 µg/mL	IC₅₀ (HIV-1 RT) = 42 µg/ml IC₅₀ (HIV-1 IIIb/LAV) = 124.1 µg/ml	ND	Huerta-Reyes et al. 2004HUERTA-REYES M, BASUALDO MDEL C, LOZADA L, JIMENEZ-ESTRADA M, SOLER C REYES-CHILPA R. 2004. HIV-1 inhibition by extracts of Clusiaceae species from Mexico. Biol Pharm Bull 27(6): 916-920.
C. massoniana				50 µg/mL	ND
C. quadrangula				50 µg/mL	ND
C. hilariana	Extract	Staminate flowers (CH₃OH)	Antifeedant effect on Rhodnius prolixus larvae, and promotion of ecdise delay.	100μg/mL	ND	ND	Kelecom et al. 2002KELECOM A, REIS GL, FEVEREIRO PC, SILVA JG, SANTOS MG, MELLO NETO CB, GONZALEZ MS, GOUVEA RC ALMEIDA GS. 2002. A multidisciplinary approach to the study of the fluminense vegetation. An Acad Bras Cienc 74: 171-181.
	Oleanolic acid (5)		Toxicity on R. prolixus larvae, and promotion of ecdise delay.	1, 10 e 100μg/mL
	Nemorosone (6)		Promotion of ecdise delay on R. prolixus larvae	10μg/mL
C. insignis	Resins	Staminate flowers	Antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis in bioautography assay	ND	ND	ND	Porto et al. 2000PORTO AL, MACHADO SM, OLIVEIRA CM, BITTRICH V, AMARAL MC MARSAIOLI AJ. 2000. Polyisoprenylated benzophenones from Clusia floral resins. Phytochemistry 55(7): 755-768.
C. lanceolata	Resins	Staminate flowers	Antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis and C. albicans in bioautography assay	ND	ND	ND	Porto et al. 2000PORTO AL, MACHADO SM, OLIVEIRA CM, BITTRICH V, AMARAL MC MARSAIOLI AJ. 2000. Polyisoprenylated benzophenones from Clusia floral resins. Phytochemistry 55(7): 755-768.
C. lanceolata	Extract	Non-galled and galled leaves (CH₃OH)	Antioxidant activity in β-carotene/linoleic acid assay	57 μg/mL	ND	ND	Ferreira et al. 2014FERREIRA RO, JUNIOR ARC, SILVA TMG, CASTRO RN, SILVA TMS CARVALHO MG. 2014. Distribution of metabolites in galled and non-galled leaves of Clusia lanceolata and its antioxidant activity. Rev Bras Farmacogn 24(6): 617-625.
C. nemorosa	Resins	Hermaphrodite flowers	Antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis in bioautography assay	ND	ND	ND	Porto et al. 2000PORTO AL, MACHADO SM, OLIVEIRA CM, BITTRICH V, AMARAL MC MARSAIOLI AJ. 2000. Polyisoprenylated benzophenones from Clusia floral resins. Phytochemistry 55(7): 755-768.
	Extract	Leaves (C₆H₁₄)	Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects on male Swiss mice	62 mg/kg	IC₅₀ (writhing test) = 62mg/kg	ND	Ferro et al. 2013FERRO JNS, SILVA JP, CONSERVA LM BARRETO E. 2013. Leaf extract from Clusia nemorosa induces an antinociceptive effect in mice via a mechanism that is adrenergic systems dependent. Chin J Nat Med 11(4): 385-390.
	Extract	Leaves (C₆H₁₄)	Inhibition of protein exudation, leukocyte influx and TNFα levels on pleurisy induced by carrageenan on male Swiss mice	100 and 200 mg/kg	ND	ND	Farias et al. 2012FARIAS JA ET AL. 2012. Modulation of inflammatory processes by leaves extract from Clusia nemorosa both in vitro and in vivo animal models. Inflammation 35(2): 764-771.
	Betulinic acid (7)	Roots (H₂O)	Decrease of body weights, abdominal fat accumulation, blood glucose, plasma triglycerides, and total cholesterol on male Swiss mice	50 mg/L	ND	ND	Melo et al. 2009MELO CL ET AL. 2009. Betulinic acid, a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid, prevents abdominal fat accumulation in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Agric Food Chem 57(19): 8776-8781.
C. palmana	Extract	Leaves and flower buds (CH₃CH₂OH:H₂O); Leaves and fruits (CH₃CO₂C₂H₅ fraction)	Neutralization of the hemorrhagic effect induced by Bothrops asper venom in rats	1:50 (poison / extract ratio)	ND	ND	Castro et al. 1999CASTRO O, GUTIERREZ JM, BARRIOS M, CASTRO I, ROMERO M UMANA E. 1999. Neutralization of the hemorrhagic effect induced by Bothrops asper (Serpentes: Viperidae) venom with tropical plant extracts. Rev Biol Trop 47(3): 605-616.
C. paralicola	Clusiparalicoline A (8)	Roots (CH₃CH₂OH)	Scission-promoting activity on DNA strands; cytotoxicity in KB cells; growth promotion of neuritas in fetal cortical neurons of rats.	neurite outgrowth promoting activity at 1.0 M	ND	ND	Seo et al. 1999SEO EK, HUANG L, WALL ME, WANI MC, NAVARRO H, MUKHERJEE R, FARNSWORTH NR KINGHORN AD. 1999. New biphenyl compounds with DNA strand-scission activity from Clusia paralicola. J Nat Prod 62(11): 1484-1487., Takaoka et al. 2002TAKAOKA S, NAKADE K FUKUYAMA Y. 2002. The first total synthesis and neurotrophic activity of clusiparalicoline A, a prenylated and geranylated biaryl from Clusia paralicola. Tetrahedron Lett 43(39): 6919-6923.
	Clusiparalicoline B (9)		Scission-promoting activity on DNA strands; cytotoxicity in the KB cells			ND
	Clusiparalicoline C (10)		cytotoxicity in the KB cells			ND
	Extract	Unripe fruits (CH₃CH₂OH)	Antioxidant activity	ND	EC₅₀(DPPH) = 12.7±0.1; EC₅₀(ABTS) = 7.4±0.4;	ND	Oliveira et al. 2012OLIVEIRA RF, CAMARA CA , AGRAB MF SARMENTO TMS. 2012. Biflavonoids from the Unripe Fruits of Clusia paralicola and their Antioxidant Activity. Nat Prod Commun 7(12): 1597-1600
C. renggerioides	Resins	Staminate flowers	Antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis in bioautography assay	ND	ND	ND	Porto et al. 2000PORTO AL, MACHADO SM, OLIVEIRA CM, BITTRICH V, AMARAL MC MARSAIOLI AJ. 2000. Polyisoprenylated benzophenones from Clusia floral resins. Phytochemistry 55(7): 755-768.
C. rosea	Guttiferone E (11) and xanthochymol (12)	Leaves (CH₂Cl₂:CH₃OH)	Inhibition of the cytopathic effects of HIV virus in human lymphoblastoid cells	ND	1-10 µg/mL	ND	Gustafson et al. 1992GUSTAFSON K, BLUNT J, MUNRO M, FULLER R, MCKEE T, CARDELLINA J, MCMAHON J, CRAGG G BOYD M. 1992. The guttiferones, HIV-inhibitory benzophenones from Symphonia globulifera, Garcinia livingstonei, Garcinia ovalifolia and Clusia rosea. Tetrahedron 48: 10093-10102.
C. rosea	Nemorosone (6)	Floral resin (CH₃CH₂OH)	Cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines	ND	IC₅₀(HELA): 3.3±0.17µM; 1.6±0.08µg/mL IC₅₀(HeP-2): 3.1±0.17µM; 1.5±0.08µg/mL IC₅₀(PC-3): 7.2±1.3µM; 3.6±0.65µg/mL IC₅₀(U251): 3.9±1.4µM; 1.9±0.70µg/mL IC₅₀ (neuroblastoma cells): 3.10±0.15 - 6.3±0.21µM IC₅₀ (MCF-7): 0.03 - 0.1µM	ND	Cuesta-Rubio et al. 2002CUESTA-RUBIO O, FRONTANA-URIBE BA, RAMÍREZ-APAN T CÁRDENAS J. 2002. Polyisoprenylated benzophenones in cuban propolis; biological activity of nemorosone. J Biosci 57(3-4): 372-378., Díaz-Carballo et al. 2008DÍAZ-CARBALLO D, MALAK S, BARDENHEUER W, FREISTUEHLER M REUSCH HP. 2008. Cytotoxic activity of nemorosone in neuroblastoma cells. J Cell Mol Med 12(6B): 2598-2608., Popolo et al. 2011POPOLO A, PICCINELLI AL, MORELLO S, SORRENTINO R, OSMANY CR, RASTRELLI L PINTO A. 2011. Cytotoxic activity of nemorosone in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 89(1): 50-57.
C. rosea	7-epi-nemorosone (4)	Resins of pistillate flowers	Antiestrogenic activity	10, 20 and 40 μg/well	ND	ND	Camargo et al. 2013CAMARGO MS ET AL. 2013. Evaluation of estrogenic, antiestrogenic and genotoxic activity of nemorosone, the major compound found in brown Cuban propolis. BMC Complement Med 13: 201.
C. spiritu-sanctensis	Nemorosone (6)	Resins of staminate flowers	Antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis in bioautography assay	ND	ND	ND	Porto et al. 2000PORTO AL, MACHADO SM, OLIVEIRA CM, BITTRICH V, AMARAL MC MARSAIOLI AJ. 2000. Polyisoprenylated benzophenones from Clusia floral resins. Phytochemistry 55(7): 755-768.
C. torresii	Extracts	Leaves and flowers (CH₃CH₂OH:H₂O) Leaves and fruits (CH₃CO₂C₂H₅ fraction)	Neutralization of the hemorrhagic effect induced by B. asper venom in rats	1:50 (poison / extract ratio)	ND	ND	Castro et al. 1999CASTRO O, GUTIERREZ JM, BARRIOS M, CASTRO I, ROMERO M UMANA E. 1999. Neutralization of the hemorrhagic effect induced by Bothrops asper (Serpentes: Viperidae) venom with tropical plant extracts. Rev Biol Trop 47(3): 605-616.
C. torresii	Clusianone (13)	Fruits (C₆H₁₄)	Inhibition of HIV-1 virus infection in lymphoblastoid T cells (C8166)	ND	IC₅₀ = 0.020±0.003 µM	ND	Piccinelli et al. 2005PICCINELLI AL, CUESTA-RUBIO O, CHICA MB, MAHMOOD N, PAGANO B, PAVONE M, BARONE V RASTRELLI L. 2005. Structural revision of Clusianone and 7-epi-Clusianone and anti-HIV activity of polyisoprenylated benzophenones. Tetrahedron 61(34): 8206-8211.
	7-epi-clusianone (14)	Fruits (C₆H₁₄)		ND	IC₅₀ = 2.0±0.07 µM	ND
C. weddelliana	Resins	Staminate flowers	Antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis in bioautography assay	ND	ND	ND	Porto et al. 2000PORTO AL, MACHADO SM, OLIVEIRA CM, BITTRICH V, AMARAL MC MARSAIOLI AJ. 2000. Polyisoprenylated benzophenones from Clusia floral resins. Phytochemistry 55(7): 755-768.
C. fluminensis	Extract	Stems; Leaves; Fruits (H₂O)	Antiophidic				Da Silva et al. 2019DA SILVA AR, ANHOLETI MC, PIETROLUONGO M, SANCHEZ EF, VALVERDE AL, DE PAIVA SR, FIGUEIREDO MR, KAPLAN MAC FULY AL. 2019. Utilization of the Plant Clusia fluminensis Planch Triana Against Some Toxic Activities of the Venom of Bothrops jararaca and B. jararacussu Snake Venom Toxic Activities. Curr Top Med Chem 19(22): 1990-2002.
	Zeaxanthin (15)	Fruits (not described)	Antioxidant and macular degeneration protector.				Mazza et al. 2019MAZZA KEL, SANTIAGO MCPA, PACHECO S, NASCIMENTO LSM, BRAGA ECO, MARTINS VC, CUNHA CP, GODOY RLO BORGUINI RG. 2019. Determinação de Substâncias Bioativas em Arilos dos Frutos de Clusia fluminensis Planch. Triana. Rev Virtual Quim 11(1): 3-17.
	Extract	Staminate flowers (C₆H₁₄) Fruits (C₆H₁₄)	Significant reduction of the survival of the insect Oncopeltus fasciatus	1.0 mg/mL (1.0µg/ insect)	ND	ND	Duprat et al. 2017DUPRAT RC ET AL. 2017. Laboratory evaluation of Clusia fluminensis extracts and their isolated compounds against Dysdercus peruvianus and Oncopeltus fasciatus. Rev Bras Farmacogn 27: 59-66.
	Clusianone (13)	Floral extract (C₆H₁₄)	Reduction on the survival of the insect Dysdercus peruvianus	0.7 mg/mL (0.7µg/ insect)
	Lanosterol (16)	Fruit extract (C₆H₁₄)	Significant reduction on both survival and development of the insects O. fasciatus and D. peruvianus	0.7 mg/mL (0.7µg/ insect)
C. fluminensis	Extract	Leaves (C₆H₁₄; CH₃OH)	Inhibitory effect of on proteolysis caused by B. jararaca venom	venom /extract ratio: 1:5; 1:10; 1:20; and 1:50	IC₅₀(_hexane): 567μg/mL IC₅₀(_methanol): 447μg/mL	ND	Oliveira et al. 2014OLIVEIRA EC, ANHOLETI MC, DOMINGOS TF, FAIOLI CN, SANCHEZ EF, DE PAIVA SR FULY AL. 2014. Inhibitory effect of the plant Clusia fluminensis against biological activities of Bothrops jararaca snake venom. Nat Prod Commun (1): 21-25.
		Stems (CH₃OH) ((CH₃)₂CO)			IC₅₀(_methanol): 245μg/mL IC₅₀(_acetone): 180μg/mL
		Fruits (C₆H₁₄) ((CH₃)₂CO)			IC₅₀(_n-hexane): 736μg/mL IC₅₀(_acetone): 90μg/mL
		Staminate flowers (C₆H₁₄; CH₂Cl₂)			IC₅₀(_n-hexane): 220μg/mL IC₅₀(_{dichloromethane}): 630μg/mL
	Extract	Staminate flowers (C₆H₁₄)	Significant delay on the development of Aedes aegypti	50 mg/L	ND	ND	Anholeti et al. 2015aANHOLETI MC, DUPRAT RC, FIGUEIREDO MR, KAPLAN MA, SANTOS MG, GONZALEZ MS, RATCLIFFE NA, FEDER D, PAIVA SR MELLO C. B. 2015a. Biocontrol evaluation of extracts and a major component, Clusianone, from Clusia fluminensis Planch. Triana against Aedes aegypti. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 110(5): 629-635.
	Clusianone (13)	Staminate flowers (C₆H₁₄)	Significant inhibition of survival and complete blockage of development Ae. aegypti	50 mg/L	ND	ND
C. criuva	Extracts	Leaves (C₆H₁₄; CH₃OH)	Antioxidant activity in DPPH assay	ND	EC₅₀(_n-hexane): 34.66 ± 19.42 g extract/g DPPH EC₅₀(_methanol): 12.54 ± 1.43 g extract/g DPPH	ND	Da Silva et al. 2017DA SILVA KMM, NÓBREGA AB, LESSA B, ANHOLETI MC, LOBÃO AQ, VALVERDE AL, PAIVA SR JOFFILY A. 2017. Clusia criuva Cambess. (Clusiaceae): anatomical characterization, chemical prospecting and antioxidant activity. An Acad Bras Cienc 89: 1565-1578.
		Pericarp (C₆H₁₄; CH₃OH)			EC₅₀(_n-hexane): 10.94 ± 0.36 g extract/g DPPH EC₅₀(_methanol): 5.01 ± 0.16g extract/g DPPH
		Seeds (C₆H₁₄; CH₃OH)			EC₅₀(_n-hexane): 8.32 ± 0.30g extract/g DPPH EC₅₀(_methanol): 4.06 ± 1.12g extract/g DPPH
C. burlemarxii	Extract	Leaves (CH₃CH₂OH)	Antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis and S. aureus	ND	ND	MIC (B. subtilis): 31.25μg/mL MIC (S. aureus): 62.50μg/mL	Ribeiro et al. 2011RIBEIRO PR, FERRAZ CG, GUEDES ML, MARTINS D CRUZ FG. 2011. A new biphenyl and antimicrobial activity of extracts and compounds from Clusia burlemarxii. Fitoterapia 82 (8): 1237-1240.
	Extract	Trunk (CH₃OH)	Antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis, Streptococcus mutans and Micrococcus luteus			MIC (B. subtilis): 62.50μg/mL MIC (S. mutans): 62.50μg/mL MIC (M. luteus): 31.25μg/mL
	2,2-dimethyl-3,5-dihydroxy-7-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromane (17)	Trunk (CH₃OH)	Antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis, S. aureus, S. mutans and M. luteus	ND	ND	MIC (B. subtilis): 100μg/mL MIC (S. aureus): 50μg/mL MIC (S. mutans): 100μg/mL MIC (M. luteus): 25μg/mL
	Lyoniresinol (18)	Leaves (CH₃CH₂OH)	Antimicrobial activity against S. aureus			MIC (S. aureus): 25μg/mL
	Rhamnopyranosyl kaempferol (19)	Leaves (CH₃CH₂OH)	Antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis and S. aureus			MIC (B. subtilis): 50μg/mL MIC (S. aureus): 100μg/mL
C. gundlachii	Gundlachiione A (20)	Fruits (CH₃OH)	Leishmanicidal activity against P. falciparum	ND	IC₅₀(_promastigote): 11.30μg/mL IC₅₀(_amastigote): 0.84μg/mL	ND	Zhang et al. 2018ZHANG J, ZHAO J, SAMOYLENKO V, JAIN S, TEKWANI BL, MUHAMMAD I. 2018. New Polyisoprenylated Polycyclic Phloroglucines from Clusia gundlachii. Nat Prod Commun 13(3): 361-365.
	Gundlachiione B (21)				IC₅₀(_promastigote): 30.12μg/mL IC₅₀(_amastigote): 5.92μg/mL
	Gundlachiione C (22)				IC₅₀(_promastigote): 9.63μg/mL IC₅₀(_amastigote): 2.32μg/mL
C. latipes	Extract	Leaves (C₆H₁₄; CH₃CO₂C₂H₅; CH₃OH)	Cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines (PC-3, RKO, D-384 and MCF-7)	50μg/ml	ND	ND	Bailón-Moscoso et al. 2016BAILÓN-MOSCOSO N, ROMERO-BENAVIDES JC, SORDO M, VILLACÍS J, SILVA R, CELI L, MARTÍNEZ-VÁZQUEZ M OSTROSKY-WEGMAN P. 2016. Phytochemical study and evaluation of cytotoxic and genotoxic properties of extracts from Clusia latipes leaves. Rev Bras Farmacogn 26(1): 44-49.
Clusia minor	Extract	Leaves (CH₂OH)	Antinociceptive effect on mice	150 and 300 mg/kg	ND	ND	Mangas et al. 2019MANGAS R, REYNALDO G, VECCHIA MT, AVER K, PIOVESAN LG, BELLO A, RODEIRO I, MALHEIROS A, SOUZA MM MENENDEZ R. 2019. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry characterization and antinociceptive effects of the ethanolic extract of the leaves from Clusia minor L. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res 7: 21-30.
Clusia flava	Extract	Leaves (CH₃OH)	Leishmanicidal activity against P. falciparum	ND	IC₅₀(_promastigote): 32μg/mL	ND	Peraza-Sánchez et al. 2007PERAZA-SÁNCHEZ SR, CEN-PACHECO F, NOH-CHIMAL A, MAY-PAT F, SIMÁ-POLANCO P, DUMONTEIL E, GARCÍA-MISS MR MUT-MARTÍN M. 2007. Leishmanicidal evaluation of extracts from native plants of the Yucatan peninsula. Fitoterapia 78(4): 315-318.
C. pernanbucensis	Extract	Stem bark (CH₃CO₂C₂H₅))	Leishmanicidal activity against P. falciparum	ND	IC₅₀(_amastigote): 65μg/mL	ND	Silva et al. 2013SILVA EA, FILHA RF, SILVEIRA L, LOPES ED, PAULA N, BRAZ-FILHO J LAILA RE. 2013. Clusiaxanthone and Tocotrienol Series from Clusia pernambucensis and their Antileishmanial Activity. J Braz Chem Soc 24: 1314-1324.
C. pernanbucensis	Clusiaxanthone (23)	Stem bark (CH₃CO₂C₂H₅))	Leishmanicidal activity against P. falciparum	ND	IC₅₀(_amastigote): 66.9μM	ND
C. amazonica	Extract	Leaves and stems (H₂O)	Leishmanicide				Odonne et al. 2009ODONNE G, BOURDY G, CASTILLO D, ESTEVEZ Y, LANCHA-TANGOA A, ALBAN-CASTILLO J, DEHARO E, ROJAS R, STIEN D SAUVAIN M. 2009. Ta’ta’, Huayani: perception of leishmaniasis and evaluation of medicinal plants used by the Chayahuita in Peru. Part II. J Ethnopharmacol 126(1): 149-1458.

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[1] Correspondence to: Márcia Pietroluongo E-mail: marcia.pietroluongo@fiocruz.br