Resistance to adverse conditions and characterization of <i>Cladosporium</i> species from marine and terrestrial Antarctic samples

SIMONETTI, FLÁVIO L.; CABRAL, LUCÉLIA; CHÁVEZ, RENATO; SETTE, LARA D.

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202420230598

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MICROBIOLOGY • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 96 (suppl 2) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202420230598 copy

Resistance to adverse conditions and characterization of Cladosporium species from marine and terrestrial Antarctic samples

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Microbial adaptations to extreme environments can lead to biotechnological applications. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of Antarctic Cladosporium to adverse conditions (temperature, salinity, UV radiation, and nutrients) and refine their taxonomy. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis using ITS-act markers resulted in a more accurate taxonomic identification, revealing the presence of five different species, belonging to the complexes C. cladosporioides and C. sphaerospermum. The growth at different temperatures indicates that the soil isolates LAMAI 564 and 1800 (phylogenetically closely related) and LAMAI 2541 are psychrophilic, while the other isolates are psychrotolerant. The fungi isolated from the saline samples LAMAI 595, 616, and 1369 showed better growth results at higher salinity (15%). The fungi most resistant to UV radiation were isolated from terrestrial and marine samples (LAMAI 595, 616, 1800, and 564). LAMAI 595 and 616 (phylogenetically closely related and isolated from the same kind of sample) showed the capacity of nutritional versatility, growing well in both rich and poor-nutrient media. The fungus LAMAI 595 was the most promising for biotechnological application, exceeding the other isolates in the harsh conditions studied. The resistance of the Antarctic Cladosporium to adverse conditions opens new perspectives in the field of applied microbiology of extremophiles.

Key words
extremophile; taxonomy; biomolecules; biotechnology

Original code	LAMAI code	Site	Geographic coordinates	Sample	Reference
ITAE4	595	Arctowski	62°08’ S 58°27’ W	Ornithogenic soil	(Duarte et al. 2018bDUARTE AWF, BARATO MB, NOBRE FS, POLEZEL DA, OLIVEIRA TB, SANTOS JA, RODRIGUES A & SETTE LD. 2018b. Production of cold-adapted enzymes by filamentous fungi from King George Island, Antarctica. Polar Biol 41: 2511-2521.)
S3	564	Punta plaza	62°05’ S 58°24’ W	Marine invertebrate Salpa sp.	(Duarte et al. 2018bDUARTE AWF, BARATO MB, NOBRE FS, POLEZEL DA, OLIVEIRA TB, SANTOS JA, RODRIGUES A & SETTE LD. 2018b. Production of cold-adapted enzymes by filamentous fungi from King George Island, Antarctica. Polar Biol 41: 2511-2521.)
ITAE3	616	Arctowski	62°08’ S 58°27’ W	Ornithogenic soil	(Duarte et al. 2018bDUARTE AWF, BARATO MB, NOBRE FS, POLEZEL DA, OLIVEIRA TB, SANTOS JA, RODRIGUES A & SETTE LD. 2018b. Production of cold-adapted enzymes by filamentous fungi from King George Island, Antarctica. Polar Biol 41: 2511-2521.)
MB9	598	Punta plaza	62°05’ S 58°24’ W	Wood	(Duarte et al. 2018bDUARTE AWF, BARATO MB, NOBRE FS, POLEZEL DA, OLIVEIRA TB, SANTOS JA, RODRIGUES A & SETTE LD. 2018b. Production of cold-adapted enzymes by filamentous fungi from King George Island, Antarctica. Polar Biol 41: 2511-2521.)
11P-3.10 II-15C	1800	Punta plaza	62°05.363’ S 58°24.691’ W	Deschampsia antarctica Root-associated soil	(Wentzel et al. 2019WENTZEL LCP, INFORSATO FJ, MONTOYA QV, ROSSIN BR, NASCIMENTO NR, RODRIGUES A & SETTE LD. 2019. Fungi from Admiralty Bay (King George Island, Antarctica) Soils and Marine Sediments. Microbial Ecology 77: 12-24.)
4D-3C1II	1345	Punta Ullman	62°05.015’ S 58°20.987’ W	Marine sediment	(Wentzel et al. 2019WENTZEL LCP, INFORSATO FJ, MONTOYA QV, ROSSIN BR, NASCIMENTO NR, RODRIGUES A & SETTE LD. 2019. Fungi from Admiralty Bay (King George Island, Antarctica) Soils and Marine Sediments. Microbial Ecology 77: 12-24.)
4B-1C115IIII	1369	Punta Ullman	62° 05.015’ S 58°20.987’ W	Marine sediment	(Wentzel et al. 2019WENTZEL LCP, INFORSATO FJ, MONTOYA QV, ROSSIN BR, NASCIMENTO NR, RODRIGUES A & SETTE LD. 2019. Fungi from Admiralty Bay (King George Island, Antarctica) Soils and Marine Sediments. Microbial Ecology 77: 12-24.)
B0.346	2541	Collins glacier (Fildes Peninsula)	62° 9.821’S 58° 55.373’W	Glacier retreat soil	(Santos et al. 2020)

LAMAI code	Temperature (°C)
LAMAI code	5	10	15	20	25	30
446*	0.0^f	9.06±2.1^e	13.43±0.4^d	16.34±0.5^b	21.27±4.1^a	10.43±0.7^c
564	0.0^c	15.87±0.5^b	21.46±4.2^a	20.89±1.5^a	0.0^c	0.0^c
595	8.51±0.3^e	18.77±0.2^c	29.67±1.3^b	42.22±2.6^a	42.10±0.8^a	15.15±0.7^d
598	0.0^f	9.02±0.7^e	16.45±0.5^d	23.41±0.9^b	29.67±2.3^a	21.38±1.7^c
616	9.74±0.7^f	22.83±1.2^d	30.41±1.5^c	35.24±0.5^b	40.61±2.2^a	13.46±1.6^e
1345	8.85±0.5^d	22.03±1.4^c	31.39±1.1^b	42.63±0.9^a	20.76±1.2^c	0.0^e
1369	9.43±0.7^d	21.01±2.5^c	26.9±1.7^b	28.78±1^ab	29.7±0.31^a	11.98±0.6^d
1800	0.0^d	11.2±1^b	16.21±0.8^a	9.3±0.9^c	0.0^d	0.0^d
2541	4.65±0.7^c	10.59±0.2^b	16.68±1.5^a	16.82±2.1^a	0.0^d	0.0^d

Isolate	NaCl concentration (%)
Isolate	5	10	15	20	25
L.446*	27.83±0.9^a	19.77±1.3^b	8.37±0.7^c	0.0^d	0.0^d
L.564	13.18±1^a	8.82±0.5^b	0.0^c	0.0^c	0.0^c
L.595	31.24±1^a	17.13±1.1^b	11.40±1.5^c	0.0^d	0.0^d
L.598	18.60±0.6^a	0.0^b	0,0^b	0.0^b	0.0^b
L.616	35.04±2.9^a	24.85±1.3^b	12.13±1.3^c	0.0^d	0.0^d
L.1345	7.36±0.5^a	0.0^b	0.0^b	0.0^b	0.0^b
L.1369	17.69±0.4^a	15.58±0.8^b	14.66±0.5^c	0.0^d	0.0^d
L.1800	8.79±2.2^a	0.0^b	0.0^b	0.0^b	0.0^b
L.2541	8.11±1^a	0.0^b	0.0^b	0.0^b	0.0^b

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[1] Correspondence to: Lara Durães Sette E-mail: lara.sette@unesp.br