São Paulo, Brazil |
0.33±0.32 [0.07-1.38] |
13 |
campus of the university (urban green area) |
This study |
São Paulo, Brazil |
0.818 |
16 |
urban forest (PEFI) |
Bourotte et al. 2009 |
Cunha, Brazil |
0.180 |
16 |
natural forest soils |
Uberlândia, Brazil |
[0.007-0.390] |
20 |
urban |
Wilcke et al. 1999 |
Manaus, Brazil |
0.016-0.038 |
21 |
Amazonian forest soils |
Krauss et al. 2005 |
Brazil |
0.145 [0.015-0.397] |
20 |
Terra Firme, Amazon Basin |
Wilcke et al. 2003Wilcke W, Amelung W, Krauss M, Martius C, Bandeira A and Garcia M. 2003. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) patterns in climatically different ecological zones of Brazil. Org Geochem 34: 1405-1417.
|
0.068 [0.029-0.142] |
20 |
Pantanal |
0.017 [0.0048-0.035] |
20 |
Cerrado central |
0.115 [0.062-0.143] |
20 |
Mata Atlântica |
0.023 [0.0071-0.064] |
20 |
Caatinga |
Beijing, China |
0.865±0.799 |
|
residential |
Peng et al. 2013Peng C, Ouyang Z, Wang M, Chen W, Li X and Crittenden JC. 2013. Assessing the combined risks of PAHs and metals in urban soils by urbanization indicators. Environ Pollut 178: 426-432.
|
Beijing, China |
1.285±1.848 |
16 |
park |
Peng et al. 2011 |
|
1.026±0.726 |
|
roadside (heavy traffic) |
|
|
0.538±0.340 |
|
roadside (light traffic) |
|
|
0.811±0.748 |
|
residential |
|
Beijing, China |
1.803±1.824 |
16 |
urban soils |
Liu et al. 2010 |
Dalian, China |
4.391±4.370 |
25 |
garden |
Wang et al. 2009Wang DG, Yang M, Jia HL, Zhou L and Li YF. 2009. Polycyclic sromatic hydrocarbons in urban street dust and surface soil: Comparisons of concentration, profile, and source. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 56: 173-180.
|
|
3.237±2.735 |
|
business/residential |
|
Shangai, China |
1.97 [0.083-7.220] |
16 |
urban soils |
Wang 2013 |
Nanjing, China |
3.330 [0.059-18] |
16 |
urban soils |
Wang et al. 2015Wang C, Wu S, Zhou Sl, Wang H, Li B, Chen H, Yu Y and Shi Y. 2015. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from urban to rural areas in Nanjing: Concentration, source, spatial distribution, and potential human health risk. Sci Total Environ 527-528: 375-383.
|
Huizhou, China |
[0.0354-0.5345] |
16 |
urban soils |
Ma and Zhou 2011Ma J and Zhou Y. 2011. Soil pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A comparison of two Chinese cities. J Environ Sci 23: 1518-1523.
|
Zhanjiang, China |
[0.0095-6.618] |
16 |
urban soils |
|
Bangkok, Thailand |
0.1292 |
20 |
urban soils |
Wilcke et al. 1999 |
Shangai, China |
6.280 |
16 |
roadside soils |
Jiang et al. 2009 |
|
2.130 |
16 |
park |
|
Hong Kong, China |
0.169 [0.007-0.410] |
16 |
urban soils |
Zhang et al. 2006 |
Ulsan, South Korea |
0.390 [0.065-1.200] |
16 |
urban soils |
Kwon and Choi 2014 |
|
0.220 [0.092-0.450] |
16 |
rural soils |
|
Kumasi, Ghana |
0.4425±0.5272 |
22 |
urban soils |
Bortey-Sam et al. 2014Bortey-Sam N, Ikenaka Y, Nakayama SMM, Akoto O, Yohannes YB, Baidoo E, Mizukawa H and Ishizuka M. 2014. Occurrence, distribution, sources and toxic potential of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface soils from the Kumasi Metropolis, Ghana. Sci Total Environ 496: 471-478.
|
Argentina |
0.0075 [0.0017-0.031] |
16 |
soils transect |
Wilcke et al. 2014Wilcke W, Bandowe BAM, Lueso MG, Ruppenthal M, del Valle H and Oelmann Y. 2014. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their polar derivatives (oxygenated PAHs, azaarenes) in soils along a climosequence in Argentina. Sci Total Environ 473-474: 317-325.
|
Dehli, India |
4.694±3.028 [1.062-9.652] |
16 |
traffic site |
Agarwal 2009 |
Lisbon, Portugal |
1.544 |
16 |
urban |
Cachada et al. 2012Cachada A, Pato P, Rocha-Santos T, da Silva EF and Duarte AC. 2012. Levels, sources and potential human health risks of organic pollutants in urban soils. Sci Total Environ 430: 184-192.
|
Viseu, Portugal |
0.169 |
16 |
urban |
Bayreuth, Germany |
37.3 |
20 |
roadside soils |
Wilcke et al. 2002Wilcke W, Krauss M and Amelung W. 2002. Carbon isotope signature of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): Evidence for different sources in tropical and temperate environments? Environ Sci Technol 36: 3530-3535.
|
Bergen, Norway |
6.780 |
16 |
urban soils |
Haugland et al. 2008 |
New Orleans, USA |
3.731 [0.647-40.692] |
16 |
urban |
Mielke et al. 2001 |
New Orleans, USA |
5.100 |
17 |
urban soils |
Wang et al. 2008Wang G, Zhang Q, Ma P, Rowden J, Mielke HW, Gonzales C and Powell E. 2008. Sources and Distribution of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Soils: Case Studies of Detroit and New Orleans. Soil Sediment Contam 17: 547-563.
|
Detroit, USA |
7.843 |
17 |
urban soils |
London, UK |
18 |
16 |
urban soils |
Vane et al. 2014Vane CH, Kim AW, Beriro DJ, Cave MR, Knights K, Moss-Hayes V and Nathanail PC. 2014. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in urban soils of Greater London, UK. Appl Geochem 51: 303-314.
|
Taragona, Spain |
0.736 |
16 |
urban/residential zone |
Nadal et al. 2004 |
Rouen, France |
2.780±0.879 |
14 |
urban site |
Motelay-Massei et al. 2004Motelay-Massei A, Ollivon D, Garban B, Teil MJ, Blanchard M and Chevreuil M. 2004. Distribution and spatial trends of PAHs and PCBs in soils in the Seine River basin, France. Chemosphere 55: 555-565.
|
Galsgow, UK |
[1.487-51.822] |
15 |
urban |
Morillo et al. 2007Morillo E, Romero aS, Maqueda C, Madrid L, Ajmone-Marsan F, Grecman H, Davidson CM, Hursthouse aS and Villaverde J. 2007. Soil pollution by PAHs in urban soils: a comparison of three European cities. J Environ Monitori 9: 1001.
|
Torino, Italy |
[0.148-3.410] |
15 |
urban |