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CROP SCIENCE • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 95 (suppl 2) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320220760 copy

Selecting tropical wheat genotypes through combining ability analysis

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

The selection of parents to originate promising base populations, as well as the knowledge of the gene effects controlling agronomic traits by means of diallel, are useful to drive genetic gains in Brazilian tropical wheat breeding programs. The goals of this study were to select tropical wheat parents with a high frequency of favorable alleles and segregating populations with high potential to originate superior progenies through partial diallel analysis. Thus, 14 parents were divided in two groups and crossed in a 7 × 7 partial diallel scheme to originate 49 F₁ combinations. After obtaining F₂ generation, the populations and the parents were evaluated in the field in the summer of 2021. Days for heading, plant height, rust and yellow spot resistance, and grain yield were evaluated. The data were subjected to partial diallel analysis. There were significant effects of general combining ability for all traits. The specific combining ability effect was significant for days for heading and plant height. The additive gene effects were predominant over the non-additive ones. The parents with the highest frequency of favorable alleles for the traits evaluated were selected in each group. Four populations with high genetic potential to originate superior progenies were selected.

Key words
genetic gain; favorable alleles; gene effect; Triticum aestivum L

Group 1	Pedigree	Company	Year of release
BRS 264	Buck Buck/Chiroca//Tui	EMBRAPA	2005
BRS 404	MGS Aliança/WT 99172	EMBRAPA	2015
IAC 388	CETTIA / IAC 287/IAC 24	IAC	2014
IAC 389	WBLLI*2 / BRAMBLING	IAC	2016
CD 151	BRS 120/ORL 95282	COODETEC	2012
CD 1303	CD 150/BRS 177	COODETEC	2016
IPR Potyporã	PF 973515/LD 0221	IAPAR	2016
Group 2	Pedigree	Company	Year of release
Aton	Mestre/Fuste// Mestre	Biotrigo	2018
Duque	Toruk#3/Celebra//Noble	Biotrigo	2017
Astro	Toruk/Celebra	Biotrigo	2019
Toruk	Mirante/IBIO 0901//Quartzo	Biotrigo	2014
Madre Pérola	Marfim/Quartzo	OR Sementes	2017
ORS 1403	Inia Tijereta/Alcover//Abalone	OR Sementes	2016
Destak	ORS 1405/3/Marfim/Quartzo//Marfim	OR Sementes	2020

P1/P2	1’	2’	3’	4’	5’	6’	7’	Parents
1	Y₁₁’	Y₁₂’	Y₁₃’	Y₁₄’	Y₁₅’	Y₁₆’	Y₁₇’	Y₁
2	Y₂₁’	Y₂₂’	Y₂₃’	Y₂₄’	Y₂₅’	Y₂₆’	Y₂₇’	Y₂
3	Y₃₁’	Y₃₂’	Y₃₃’	Y₃₄’	Y₃₅’	Y₃₆’	Y₃₇’	Y₃
4	Y₄₁’	Y₄₂’	Y₄₃’	Y₄₄’	Y₄₅’	Y₄₆’	Y₄₇’	Y₄
5	Y₅₁’	Y₅₂’	Y₅₃’	Y₅₄’	Y₅₅’	Y₅₆’	Y₅₇’	Y₅
6	Y₆₁’	Y₆₂’	Y₆₃’	Y₆₄’	Y₆₅’	Y₆₆’	Y₆₇’	Y₆
7	Y₇₁’	Y₇₂’	Y₇₃’	Y₇₄’	Y₇₅’	Y₇₆’	Y₇₇’	Y₇
Parents	Y₁’	Y₂’	Y₃’	Y₄’	Y₅’	Y₆’	Y₇’

Code	Trait	Unit/ Scale	Assessment methodology
DH	Days for heading	days	Days in which 50% of the plants of the plot showed spikes
PH	Plant height	cm	Measured from the ground level to the beginning of the spike (excluding awns)
LR	Leaf rust	note	Notes from 0 to 4 attributed according to McIntosh et al. (1995) scale
TS	Tan spot	note	Notes from 1 to 5 attributed according to Lamari & Bernier (1989)LAMARI L & BERNIER CC. 1989. Evaluation of wheat lines and cultivars to tan spot (Pyrenophora Tritice-Repentis) based on lesion type. Can J Plant Pathol 11: 49-56. scale
GY	Grain yield	g	Total grain mass from the plants of the plot

Source of variation	DF	Mean square
Source of variation	DF	DH	PH	LR	TS	GY
Genotype (G)	62	7.99**	123.53**	1.41**	2.07**	12789.92^ns
Groups	1	180.87**	173.47*	0.16^ns	2.58*	7181.87^ns
GCA I	6	12.84*	251.29^ns	7.11**	8.99*	42414.39^ns
GCA II	6	5.56^ns	347.77**	2.38^ns	2.76^ns	28346.98^ns
SCA	49	4.16**	79.41**	0.62^ns	1.14^ns	7371.94^ns
Environment (E)	1	0.27^ns	6.85^ns	0.00^ns	0.02^ns	10.82^ns
G × E	62	2.24^ns	51.67^ns	0.46^ns	0.93**	18710.05*
Group × E	1	0.96^ns	17.47^ns	0.86^ns	0.00^ns	14945.88^ns
GCA I × E	6	1.65^ns	199.75**	0.09^ns	1.39*	23881.71*
GCA II × E	6	5.69**	38.28^ns	0.69^ns	0.73^ns	13871.09^ns
SCA × E	49	1.92^ns	35.87^ns	0.46^ns	0.93*	18746.12**
Residual	98	1.82	39.81	0.40	0.62	9455.80
ϕ GCA I		77.14	1480.36	46.97	58.59	230710.13
ϕ GCA II		26.18	2155.72	13.86	14.98	132238.26
ϕ SCA		2.34	39.60	0.22	0.52	0.00
θ		0.98	0.99	0.99	0.99	1.00

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