Influence of the drought on antioxidant and enzymatic activities of two <i>Pinus</i> species in humid and sub-humid climate

SAMEH, CHERIF; HANENE, GHAZGHAZI; OLFA, EZZINE; SALIMA, BAHRI; KHOUJA, MOHAMED L.; ZOUHAIER, NASR; GRACA, MIGUEL M.

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202220200671

CHERIF SAMEH

University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte (FSB), 7021, Zarzouna, Tunis

University of Carthage, National Institute for Research in Rural Engineering Water and Forest (INRGREF), LR161INRGREF01, Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, Bp 10, 2080 Ariana, Tunisia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4422-0211

GHAZGHAZI HANENE

University of Carthage, National Institute for Research in Rural Engineering Water and Forest (INRGREF), LR161INRGREF01, Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, Bp 10, 2080 Ariana, Tunisia

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3511-1096

EZZINE OLFA

University of Carthage, National Institute for Research in Rural Engineering Water and Forest (INRGREF), LR161INRGREF03, Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Bp 10, 2080 Ariana, Tunisia

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0859-4299

BAHRI SALIMA

University of Carthage, National Institute for Research in Rural Engineering Water and Forest (INRGREF), LR161INRGREF03, Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Bp 10, 2080 Ariana, Tunisia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3272-5028

MOHAMED L. KHOUJA

University of Carthage, National Institute for Research in Rural Engineering Water and Forest (INRGREF), LR161INRGREF03, Laboratory of Forest Ecology, Bp 10, 2080 Ariana, Tunisia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2851-8026

NASR ZOUHAIER

University of Carthage, National Institute for Research in Rural Engineering Water and Forest (INRGREF), LR161INRGREF01, Laboratory of Management and Valorization of Forest Resources, Bp 10, 2080 Ariana, Tunisia

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8759-3459

MIGUEL M. GRACA

Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2507-4228

Correspondence to: Maria da Graça Costa Miguel E-mail: mgmiguel@ualg.pt, mgracamiguel@gmail.com

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Sameh Cherif: Project design, methodology, original draft preparation; Hanene Ghazghazi: project design, original draft preparation; Olfa Ezzine: Data analysis and paper writing; Salima Bahri: Data acquisition, Data analysis; Mohamed Larbi khouja: Data analysis and editing; Zouhaier Nasr: supervising and editing; Maria Graça Miguel: supervising and editing. All authors discussed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Figures (1)
Tables (6)

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Figure 1
Climatograph of study site: (a) Souiniet site in 2015 (humid climate), (b) Souiniet site in 2016 (humid climate), (c) Jbel Abderrahmane in 2015(sub-humid) and (d) Jbel Abderrahmane in 2016 (sub-humid). The climatograph illustrates the monthly distribution of precipitation (P) and temperature (T) in 2015 and 2016.

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Table I
Geographical characteristics of two studied sites.

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Table II
Contents of total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) of aqueous extracts of needles of two pine species PP (P. pinea) and PM (P. pinaster) in two sites Souiniet, Jebel Abderrahmane in July 2015 and July 2016 expressed as milligram of standards per gram of dried weight (mg/g DW).

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Table III
Correlation between temperature in July 2015 and July 2016 , secondary metabolites (TPC and TFC), antioxidants activities (ABTS and FIC) and enzymatic inhibitory activities (α-amylase and LOX) in individual pine species PP (P. pinea) and PM (P. pinaster) in two sites “SNT” (Souiniet), “JAB” (Jebel Abderrahmane).

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Table IV
Correlation between secondary metabolites (TPC and TFC), antioxidants activities (ABTS and FIC) and enzymatic inhibitory activities (α-amylase and LOX) in individual pine species PP (P. pinea) and PM (P. pinaster) in two sites “SNT” (Souiniet), “JAB” (Jebel Abderrahmane) in July 2016.

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Table V
Antioxidants activities (ABTS and FIC) of aqueous extracts of needles of two pine species PP (P. pinea) and PM (P. pinaster ) in two sites Souiniet and Jebel Abderrahmane in July 2015 and on July 2016 expressed as micromoles of standards per gram of dried weight (µmol/g DW).

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Table VI
α-Amylase and LOX inhibitory activities of aqueous extracts of needles of two pine species PP (Pinus pinea) and PM (P. pinaster) in two sites “SNT” (Souiniet), “JAB” (Jebel Abderrahmane) in July 2015 and July 2016 expressed as micromoles of standards per gram of dried weight (µmol/g DW).

Sites	Climate	Latitude (N)	Longitude (E)	Altitude (ma.s.I)	Vegetation
Souiniet	humid	36°47’920’’	8°48’495’’	492	Arbutus unedo, Erica scoparia E. Arborea, Myrtus communis, Phillyrea media, Halimiumhalimofolium, Cistus salvifolius and trees of Quercus suber
Jebel Abderrahmane	Sub-humid	36°40’086’’	10°40’582’’	255	Quercus coccifera, Erica arborea, Calycotome intermedia, Halimium halimofolium, Pistacia lentiscus and Phillyrea sp.

Variable	Species	Site 1: Souiniet		Site 2: Jebel Abderrahmane
Variable	Species	July 2015	July 2016	July 2015	July 2016
TPC (milligram gallic acid/g DW)	PP PM	25.15±0.69^b 10.29±0.39^ab	31.59±0.08^a 12.09±0.05^a	10.81±0.01^d 7.57±0.11^c	16.94±0.045^c 8.95±0.07^bc
TFC (milligram quercetin/g DW)	PP PM	0.22±0.01^a 0.20±0.00^c	0.26±0.02^a 0.24±0.01^b	0.092±0.12^c 0.14±0.12^d	0.16±0.01^b 0.25±0.01^a

Variables	Species	Site 1 SNT		Site 2 JAB
	Temperature Temperature
		July 2015	July 2016	July 2015	July 2016
TPC	PP PM	0.51 0.98	0.97 0.99	-0.35 0.99	-0.35 0.86
TFC	PP PM	0.99 -0.48	0.99 -0.49	-0.18 0.52	-0.44 0.99
ABTS	PP PM	-0.71 -0.29	0.93 -0.92	0.14 -0.85	-0.35 -0.03
FIC	PP PM	-0.99 0.98	-0.92 0.54	0.53 -0.06	-0.98 -0.64
α-amylase	PP PM	0.35 0.17	-0.04 -0.77	0.93 0.61	0.75 -0.60
LOX	PP PM	0.48 0.97	0.99 0.68	-0.65 -0.65	-0.48 0.77

		TPC	TFC	ABTS	FIC	α-Amylase	LOX
PPSNT	TPC	1	0.99	0.84	-0.97	0.157	0.99
PPSNT	TFC	0.99	1	0.91	-0.94	0.02	0.99
PPJAB	TPC	1	-0.68	0.99	0.50	0.36	-0.65
PPJAB	TFC	-0.68	1	-0.68	0.29	-0.92	0.99
PMSNT	TPC	1	-0.56	-0.95	0.62	-0.71	0.61
PMSNT	TFC	-0.56	1	0.80	-0.99	-0.17	0.30
PMJAB	TPC	1	0.82	-0.54	-0.94	-0.10	0.99
PMJAB	TFC	0.83	1	0.017	-0.60	-0.64	0.74

Variable	Species	Site 1: Souiniet		Site2: Jebel Abderrahmane
Variable	Species	July 2015	July 2016	July 2015	July 2016
ABTS (µmol of trolox/g DW )	PP PM	26.91±0.49^d 15.40±0.88^b	55.25±0.13^a 22.16±2.58^a	30.93±8.67^c 19.77±0.37^a	47.39±2.76^b 20±4.41^a
FIC (µmol of EDTA/g DW	PP PM	10.95±0.23^d 30.52±0.11^c	20.54±0.03^c 38.78±0.08^a	25.78±0.44^b 28.74±0.54^d	30.41±0.085a 31.53±0.00b

Variable	Species	Souiniet		Jebel Abderrahmane
Variable	Species	July 2015	July 2016	July 2015	July 2016
α-amylase (µmol acarbose/g DW)	PP PM	3.55±0.045^b 0.70±0.07^c	3.76±0.09^b 4.05±0.6^b	0.77±0.045^c 4.47±0.09^b	5.41±0.14^a 5.37±0.03^a
LOX(µmol ibuprofen/DW)	PP PM	18.98±0.24^c 22.25±0^d	172.55±4.99^b 26.79±6.80^b	26.80±0.94^c 48.82±0.41^c	391.51±4.99^a 163.84±1.88^a

[1] Correspondence to: Maria da Graça Costa Miguel E-mail: mgmiguel@ualg.pt, mgracamiguel@gmail.com

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Influence of the drought on antioxidant and enzymatic activities of two Pinus species in humid and sub-humid climate

Abstract