Trophic ecology of <i>Loricariichthys anus </i>(Valenciennes, 1835), (Loricariidae: Loricariinae) in a subtropical reservoir, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

CORRÊA, FABIANO; TUCHTENHAGEN, THIAGO S.; POUEY, JUVÊNCIO; PIEDRAS, SÉRGIO R.N.; OLIVEIRA, EDSON F. DE

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202120200438

FABIANO CORRÊA

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus Nova Xavantina, Av. Dr. Renato Figueiro Varella, Caixa Postal 08, 78690-000 Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1909-5137

THIAGO S. TUCHTENHAGEN

Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Laboratório de Ictiologia, Campus Capão do Leão, s/n, 96160-000 Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6528-7311

JUVÊNCIO POUEY

Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Laboratório de Ictiologia, Campus Capão do Leão, s/n, 96160-000 Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5740-4466

SÉRGIO R.N. PIEDRAS

Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Laboratório de Ictiologia, Campus Capão do Leão, s/n, 96160-000 Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8647-4105

EDSON F. DE OLIVEIRA

Universidade Federal Tecnológica do Paraná, Laboratório de Ecologia Teórica e Aplicada, Campus Londrina, Avenida Pioneiros, Caixa Postal 3131, 86036-370 Londrina, PR, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4224-6565

Correspondence to: Fabiano Corrêa E–mail: correafecologia@yahoo.com.br

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Fabiano Corrêa and Thiago dos Santos Tuchtenhagen conducted the fieldwork and in the laboratory, performed the data analysis, interpreted the results and wrote the manuscript. Juvêncio Pouey, Sérgio Renato Noguez Piedras and Edson Fontes de Oliveira, interpreted the results and wrote the manuscript.

Food items	Low level (n=21)				High level (n=41)
	%F	%N	%A	%IRI	%F	%N	%A	%IRI
Acari	4.9	0.3	0.1	0.1
Algae filamentous	4.9	13.5	1.2	0.9	9.5	6.4	0.6	0.8
Sand	26.8	0.9	6.4	2.6	14.3	0.7	1.2	0.3
Cladocera	2.4	0.9	0.2	0.1
Copepoda	2.4	0.8	0.2	0.1
Diptera (adult)					4.8	0.5	0.0	0.1
Ephemeroptera (adult)	24.4	3.6	14.1	5.7
Hemiptera (adult)					4.8	0.2	0.0	0.1
Coleoptera (larva)	22.0	7.4	2.0	2.7	4.8	3.0	0.2	0.2
Diptera (larva)					9.5	0.5	0.5	0.1
Fine particulate matter	75.6	2.4	47.2	49.5*	76.2	3.7	51.9	53.3*
Organic matter	14.6	9.6	5.9	3.0	28.6	19.7	19.8	14.2
Vegetable matter	43.9	40.6	12.8	30.9*	28.6	59.2	22.7	29.5*
Nemotoda					19.0	2.5	2.0	1.1
Ostracoda	4.9	0.3	0.1	0.1
Palaemonetes argentinus	2.4	0.1	0.4	0.1
Crustcean remains	4.9	2.0	2.8	0.3	4.8	1.1	0.4	0.1
Insect remains					4.8	0.2	0.4	0.1
Seed	14.6	11.8	5.5	3.4	4.8	2.3	0.2	0.1
Tecameba	9.8	5.9	1.1	0.9
* Food items larger importance

	Winter (n=8)				Spring (n=10)				Summer (n=24)				Autumn (n=20)
	%F	%N	%A	%IRI	%F	%N	%A	%IRI	%F	%N	%A	%IRI	%F	%N	%A	%IRI
Acari													8.3	0.5	0.1	0.1
Algae filamentous					10.0	32.2	2.8	4.7	10.0	3.2	0.3	0.4	4.2	2.2	0.5	0.1
Sand	12.5	2.1	2.9	0.5	35.0	1.3	8.2	4.5	20.0	0.7	1.2	0.4	16.7	0.5	3.6	0.7
Cladocera													4.2	1.3	0.2	0.1
Copepoda													4.2	1.2	0.2	0.1
Diptera (adult)									10.0	0.7	0.1	0.1
Ephemeroptera (adult)					50.0	8.6	31.5	26.9*
Hemiptera (adult)	12.5	2.1	0.2	0.2
Coleoptera (larva)	12.5	27.1	1.1	2.9	15.0	1.1	0.2	0.3					25.0	10.5	2.5	3.3
Diptera (larva)									20.0	0.7	0.8	0.3
Fine particulate matter	100.0	16.7	90.8	89.2*	80.0	3.0	32.7	38.3*	50.0	1.8	29.2	16.9	75.0	2.1	67.5	52.4*
Organic matter					25.0	22.7	9.0	10.6	60.0	30.2	31.3	40.3*	4.2	0.1	2.5	0.1
Vegetable matter	12.5	43.8	2.1	4.8	35.0	18.8	7.1	12.1	40.0	58.2	33.3	40.1*	50.0	57.8	14.4	36.3*
Nemotoda	25.0	8.3	3.0	2.3					20.0	2.5	2.5	1.1
Ostracoda					5.0	0.2	0.0	0.1					4.2	0.4	0.1	0.1
Palaemonetes argentinus					5.0	0.2	1.0	0.1
Crustcean remains					10.0	4.8	6.2	1.5	10.0	1.8	0.7	0.3
Insect remains									10.0	0.4	0.7	0.1
Seed					5.0	1.9	0.3	0.1					25.0	17.9	7.4	6.4
Tecameba					10.0	5.4	1.0	0.9					8.3	5.5	0.9	0.5
* Food items larger importance

Grups	t	p
Summer x Autumn	1.701	0.035
Summer x Winter	2.256	0.009
Summer x Spring	2.426	0.004
Autumn x Winter	1.884	0.016
Autumn x Spring	1.603	0.067
Winter x Spring	2.857	0.004

	Overall average dissimilarity	Average dissimilarity	Contribution %
Summer x Autumn	61.9
Fine particulate matter		22.6	36.5
Vegetable matter		15.3	24.7
Summer x Winter	50.3
Fine particulate matter		21.5	42.7
Vegetable matter		17.6	35.1
Summer x Spring	68.9
Fine particulate matter		21.7	31.5
Organic matter		20.2	29.2
Autumn x Winter	58.5
Fine particulate matter		21.7	37.2
Insects		14.5	24.8
Autumn x Spring	72.2
Organic matter		21.6	29.9
Fine particulate matter		16.8	23.3
Winter x Spring	70.9
Organic matter		24.7	34.7
Fine particulate matter		21.3	30.0

Food items	Class 1 (n=6)				Class 2 (n=7)				Class 3 (n=44)				Class 4 (n=4)
Food items	%F	%N	%A	%IRI	%F	%N	%A	%IRI	%F	%N	%A	%IRI	%F	%N	%A	%IRI
Acari									4.5	0.4	0.1	0.1
Algae filamentous	16.7	44.3	5.8	9.9	14.3	12.8	2.9	1.9	4.5	1.1	0.2	0.1
Sand	33.3	0.5	8.3	3.5	42.9	2.0	8.4	3.7	15.9	0.7	1.9	0.5	25.0	0.7	12.8	4.3
Cladocera													25.0	8.0	1.9	3.2
Copepoda													25.0	7.3	1.7	2.9
Diptera (adult)									2.3	0.2	0,1	0.1
Ephemeroptera (adult)	33.3	3.1	18.2	8.4	14.3	1.4	3.5	0.6	13.6	2.8	6.2	1.6
Hemiptera (adult)	16.7	0.3	0.1	0.1
Coleoptera (larva)	33.3	0.8	0.2	0.4					15.9	8.5	1.1	2.0	25.0	11.7	4.3	5.1
Diptera (larva)					14.3	0.7	0.3	0.1	2.3	0.1	0.3	0.1
Fine particulate matter	100.0	1.6	49.4	60.3*	85.7	4.1	56.8	43.7*	70.5	3.0	50.1	48.9*	75.0	2.2	33.2	34.0*
Organic matter	16.7	30.6	5.8	7.2	28.6	1.4	3.6	1.2	18.2	8.4	13.7	5.2	25.0	0.7	25.6	8.4
Vegetable matter	33.3	10.9	9.8	8.2	57.1	77.7	24.5	48.9*	38.6	57.8	19.0	38.8*	25.0	13.9	4.8	6.0
Nemotoda	16.7	0.3		0.1					6.8	1.0	1.2	0.2
Ostracoda	16.7	0.3	0.1	0.1					2.3	0.3	0.1	0.1
Palaemonetes argentinus									2.3	0.1	0.3	0.1
Crustcean remains									4.5	2.5	1.9	0.3	25.0	3.6	4.3	2.5
Insect remains									2.3	0.1	0.3	0.1
Seed	16.7	2.6	0.7	0.6					11.4	12.3	3.5	2.3	25.0	17.5	4.3	7.0
Tecameba	16.7	4.9	1.6	1.3					2.3	1.0	0.1	0.1	50.0	34.3	7.3	26.6*
* Food items larger importance

[1] Correspondence to: Fabiano Corrêa E–mail: correafecologia@yahoo.com.br

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Trophic ecology of Loricariichthys anus (Valenciennes, 1835), (Loricariidae: Loricariinae) in a subtropical reservoir, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Abstract