Figure 1
Morphology and exine characteristics of pollen grains of Aechmea species. a-d) Ae. bicolor; e-h) Ae. bromeliifolia; i-l) Ae. distichantha; m-p) Ae. fasciata; q-t) Ae. nudicaulis; a, e, i, m, q) pollen after lactic acetolysis; b, f, j, n, r) polar and equatorial view; c, g, k, o, s) detail of the ornamentation of the exine; d, h, l, p, t) detail of grain wall; a, e, i, m, q) images obtained by light microscopy, lactic acetolysis; b, c, f, g, j, k, n, o, r, s) scanning electron microscopy; d, h, l, p, t) transmission electronic microscopy. Bars: a, e, i, m, q = 50 µm; b, f, j, n, r = 20 µm; c, d, g, h, k, l, o, p, s, t = 2 µm.
Figure 2
Morphology and exine characteristics of pollen grains of Ananas and Pseudananas species. a-d) Ananas sp.; e-h) An.
ananassoides; i-l) An. bracteatus; m-p) An. lucidus; q-t) An. parguazensis; u-x) P. sagenarius; a, e, i, m, q, u) pollen after lactic acetolysis; b, f, j, n, r, v) polar and equatorial view; c, g, k, o, s, w) detail of the ornamentation of the exine; d, h, l, p, t, x) detail of grain wall; a, e, i, m, q, u) images obtained by light microscopy, lactic acetolysis; b, c, f, g, j, k, n, o, r, s, v, w) scanning electron microscopy; d, h, l, p, t, x) transmission electronic microscopy. Bars: a, b, e, f, i, j, m, n, q, r, u, v = 20 µm; c, d, g, h, k, l, o, p, s, t, w, x = 2 µm.
Figure 3
Morphology and exine characteristics of Alcantarea nahoumii and Vriesea pollen grains. a-d) Al. nahoumii; e-h) V. carinata; i-l) V. friburgensis; m-p) V. michaelii; q-t) V. paraibica; u-x) V. simplex; y-z-α-ß) V. unilateralis; a, e, i, m, q, u, y) pollen after lactic acetolysis; b, f, j, n, r, v, z) polar and equatorial view; c, g, k, o, s, w, α) detail of the ornamentation of the exine; d, h, l, p, t, x, ß) detail of grain wall; a, e, i, m, q, u, y) images obtained by light microscopy, lactic acetolysis; b, c, f, g, j, k, n, o, r, s, v, w, z, α) scanning electron microscopy; d, h, l, p, t, x, ß) transmission electronic microscopy. Bars: a, e, i, m, q, u, y = 50 µm; b, f, j, n, r, v, z = 20 µm; c, d, g, h, k, l, o, p, s, t, w, x, α, ß = 2 µm.
Figure 4
In vitro germination and histochemical test of Bromeliaceae pollen grains. a-b) Pollen germination of Bromeliaceae species. a) Ae. fasciata in BKM medium, showing greater pollen tube length; b) Aechmea bicolor in BM medium, showing lack of pollen germination; c-e) Viability by histochemical test of pollen. c) Ae. fasciata pollen stained with acetocarmine (1%); d) Ae. nudicaulis pollen stained with Alexander’s solution plus 2% lactic acid; e) Ae. distichantha pollen stained with Sudan IV (1%). (arrows = unviable pollen). BM (Parton et al. 2002), BKM (Brewbaker and Kwack 1963). Bars: a-b = 0.5 mm; c, e = 50 µm; d = 20 µm.
TABLE I
Morphometric characteristics and estimate number of grains per Bromeliaceae flower of the genera Aechmea, Ananas,
Alcantarea, Pseudananas, and Vriesea.
TABLE II
Morphometric characteristics of exine layers of pollen grains of Bromeliaceae of the genera Aechmea, Ananas, Alcantarea, Pseudananas, and Vriesea.
TABLE III
In vitro germination (%) and pollen tube length (mm) in Bromeliaceae of the genera Aechmea, Ananas,
Alcantarea, Pseudananas, and Vriesea, on four germination media.
TABLE IV
Viability by histochemical test of pollen grains (%) in Bromeliaceae species of the genera Aechmea, Ananas,
Alcantarea, Pseudananas, and Vriesea.