Effect of Dietary <i>Origanum onites</i> on Growth, Non Specific Immunity and Resistance against Yersinia ruckeri of Rainbow Trout ( <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>)

ÖZIL, ÖZNUR; DİLER, ÖZNUR

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202320200952

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MICROBIOLOGY • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 95 (2) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320200952 copy

Effect of Dietary Origanum onites on Growth, Non Specific Immunity and Resistance against Yersinia ruckeri of Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Natural substances has been identified to maintain health and improve growth performance in the aquaculture. The effect of Origanum onites on growth and immune response of rainbow trout was investigated. Experimental groups (A and B) of 70 fish were separated into 10 different treatments. A groups were fed with dietary administration of O. onites essential oil (0.5 mL kg^-1 and 3.0 mL kg^-1) and crude powder (1.0 g kg^-1 and 10.0 g kg^-1) for a period of 8 weeks. Other groups (B) were vaccinated against Yersinia ruckeri at the beginning of experiment and then fed the same diets described above. Results showed that feed conversion ratio in fish fed a combination of O. onites and vaccine was statistically better than the control. NBT-positive cells, phagocytic activity, serum lysozyme activity and immunoglobulin M level were stimulated in both non vaccinated and vaccinated fish (p<0.05). Cumulative mortality in fish fed O. onites was lower than controls following challenge with Y. ruckeri. No mortality was observed in vaccinated fish fed with 0.5 mL kg^-1 of O. onites. These results indicated that dietary administration of O. onites could act as an enhanced non specific immune response, growth performance and resistance to Y. ruckeri.

Key words
growth; non specific immunity; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Origanum onites; Yersinia ruckeri

Experiment I (Groups A)		Fish / Number	Experiment II (Groups B)		Fish / Number
Control	O. onites, 0 mL kg^-1	210 (70×3)	Control	O. onites, 0 mL kg^-1 + Vaccine	210 (70×3)
A1 (essential oil)	O. onites, 0.5 mL kg^-1	210 (70×3)	B1 (essential oil)	O. onites, 0.5 mL kg^-1 + Vaccine	210 (70×3)
A2 (essential oil)	O. onites, 3.0 mL kg^-1	210 (70×3)	B2 (essential oil)	O. onites, 3.0 mL kg^-1 + Vaccine	210 (70×3)
A3 (crude powder)	O. onites, 1.0 g kg^-1	210 (70×3)	B3 (crude powder)	O. onites, 1.0 g kg^-1 + Vaccine	210 (70×3)
A4 (crude powder)	O. onites, 10.0 g kg^-1	210 (70×3)	B4 (crude powder)	O. onites, 10.0 g kg^-1 + Vaccine	210 (70×3)

	Experiment groups and utilization rate (%)
Ingredients	Control	0.5	3.0	1.0	10.0
Fish meal	35.00	35.00	35.00	35.00	35.00
Soybean meal	30.00	30.00	30.00	30.00	30.00
Wheat gluten	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00
Wheat by-product	14.00	13.95	13.7	13.9	13.0
Fish oil	8.00	8.00	8.00	8.00	8.00
Vitamin premix ¹	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00	2.00
Mineral premix ²	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
C vitamin	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
Pellet binders³	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00	3.00
Antioxidant⁴	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
Others⁵	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
O. onites L. essential oils	0	0.05	0.3	0	0
O. onites L. crude powder	0	0	0	0.1	1.0

	Experiment groups
	Control	A1 (0.5 mL kg ^-1 )	A2 (3.0 mL kg ^-1 )	A3 (1.0 g kg ^-1 )	A4 (10.0 g kg ^-1 )
Initial weight	14.10±2.01	14.35±3.01	14.16±2.55	14.08±2.74	14.26±3.14
Final weight	36.66±9.71^b	50.65±18.03^a	50.80±17.36^a	51.46±17.70^a	55.51±18.72^a
Weight Gain	22.56±5.62^b	36.30±1.51^a	36.63±1.42^a	37.38±8.72^a	41.25±3.88^a
Specific Growth Rate	5.52±0.43^b	6.41±0.07^a	6.42±0.06^a	6.43±0.41^a	6.63±0.16^a
Feed Conversion Ratio	0.81±0.07	0.71±0.08	0.69±0.03	0.69±0.09	0.67±0.11
Condition Factor	0.99±0.14^b	1.11±0.17^a	1.14±0.16^a	1.09±0.18^a	1.11±0.18^a
Survival Rate	93.80±0.82^c	96.66±0.82^b	98.57±0.00^a	98.57±1.42^a	97.61±0.82^ab

	Experiment groups
	Control	B1 (0.5 mL kg ^-1 )	B2 (3.0 mL kg ^-1 )	B3 (1.0 g kg ^-1 )	B4 (10.0 g kg ^-1 )
Initial weight	16.53±3.82	16.81±3.89	16.46±3.89	16.38±4.06	16.50±2.75
Final weight	44.05±11.62^c	65.46±18.18^a	57.75±14.29^b	63.70±20.31^a	54.60±14.95^b
Weight Gain	27.51±3.48^d	48.65±2.21^a	41.28±1.51^bc	47.31±6.10^ab	38.10±1.03^c
Specific Growth Rate	5.91±0.22^d	6.93±0.08^a	6.64±0.06^bc	6.87±0.22^ab	6.49±0.04^c
Feed Conversion Ratio	1.20±0.13^a	0.70±0.07^b	0.77±0.11^b	0.71±0.04^b	1.07±0.24^a
Condition Factor	1.44±0.20^a	1.38±0.19^a	1.29±0.15^b	1.43±0.24^a	1.42±0.34^a
Survival Rate	89.33±3.05^b	96.66±3.05^a	96.00±2.00^a	96.66±3.05^a	94.66±1.15^a

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[1] Correspondence to: Öznur Özil E-mail: oznurgormez@isparta.edu.tr