Diclofenac sodium adsorption on activated carbon: experimental, modeling and bayesian statistics

DIAS, CAMILA S.; FRANCO, MARCELA ANDREA E.; RODRIGUES, EMERSON C.; FERREIRA, JOSIEL L.; VIEGAS, BRUNO M.; FÉRIS, LILIANA A.; ESTUMANO, DIEGO C.; MACÊDO, EMANUEL N.

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202420231110

CAMILA S. DIAS

Methodology

software

writing - original draft

investigation

formal analysis

visualization

Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, 66075-970 Belém, PA, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4087-4197

MARCELA ANDREA E. FRANCO

Experimental data

conceptualization

writing - review and editing

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Química, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2777, 90040-040 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3557-0700

EMERSON C. RODRIGUES

Methodology

formal analysis

validation

writing - review and editing

Universidade Federal do Pará, Faculdade de Engenharia Química, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, 66075-970 Belém, PA, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0303-4578

JOSIEL L. FERREIRA

Methodology

experimental data

formal analysis

writing - review and editing

Universidade Federal do Pará, Faculdade de Engenharia Química, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, 66075-970 Belém, PA, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0345-3526

BRUNO M. VIEGAS

Methodology

experimental data

formal analysis

writing - review and editing

Universidade Federal do Pará, Faculdade de Biotecnologia, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, 66075-970 Belém, PA, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2768-652X

LILIANA A. FÉRIS

Methodology

experimental data

formal analysis

writing - review and editing

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2777, 90040-040 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5900-4474

DIEGO C. ESTUMANO

Universidade Federal do Pará, Faculdade de Biotecnologia, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, 66075-970 Belém, PA, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4318-4455

EMANUEL N. MACÊDO

Conceptualization

methodology

software

validation

writing – review and editing

supervision

Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, 66075-970 Belém, PA, Brazil

Universidade Federal do Pará, Faculdade de Engenharia Química, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, 66075-970 Belém, PA, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4652-8316

Correspondence to: Emanuel N. Macêdo E-mail: enegrao@ufpa.br

Breakthrough curve	$C_{0}$ (mgL^-1)	Q (mLmin^-1)	W (g)	$V_{L}$ (cm $^{3}$ )	h (cm)
1	20.00	3.00	0.50	0.57	0.50
2	100.00	3.00	0.50	0.57	0.5
3	20.00	3.00	1.50	1.70	1.50
4	100.00	3.00	1.50	1.70	1.50
5	20.00	5.00	0.50	0.57	0.50
6	100.00	5.00	0.50	0.57	0.50
7	20.00	5.00	1.50	1.70	1.50
8	100.00	5.00	1.50	1.70	1.50
9	60.00	4.00	1.00	1.13	1.00

	Isotherm	Estimated parameters
Mass balance model
	Langmuir	$𝐏 = [k_{s} γ k_{L}]$
	Freundlich	$𝐏 = [k_{s} γ k_{F} n]$
	Sips	$𝐏 = [k_{s} γ k_{S i p s} β]$
	Redlich-Peterson	$𝐏 = [k_{s} γ k_{R P} a_{R P} b]$

Adsorbent material	$q_{m a x}$	Experimental conditions	References
		Batch adsorption
Biohybrid aerogel	321.3 mg $g^{- 1}$	$C_{0} = 50$ – 800 mg $L^{- 1}$	Tang et al. 2023TANG Q, QIU C, ZHANG Y, ZHANG X, YUAN Z, TAN H, WANG L, DE HOOP CF, QI J & HUANG X. 2023. Effective Adsorption of Diclofenac Sodium from Wastewater by Nanocellulose/Alum/Chitosan/Polyethyleneimine Biohybrid Aerogel Beads Adsorbent. J Polymer Environ 31(3): 1129-1143.
		PH = $5 - 10$
		$W = 0.2 - 1.5$ g $L^{- 1}$
		Batch adsorption
Thermo-plasma	433.29 mg $g^{- 1}$	$C_{0} = 10 - 250 m g L^{- 1}$	Cuccarese et al. 2021CUCCARESE M, BRUTTI S, DE BONIS A, TEGHIL R, MANCINI IM, MASI S & CANIANI D. 2021. Removal of diclofenac from aqueous solutions by adsorption on thermo-plasma expanded graphite. Sci Rep 11(1): 3427.
expanded graphite		W = 10 mg
		V = 50 mL
		PH = 1
		Batch adsorption
Reduced graphene	596.71 mg $g^{- 1}$	C0=325 mg $L^{- 1}$	Hiew et al. 2018
oxide aerogel (rGOA)		W = 0.25 g $L^{- 1}$
		Batch adsorption
Chitosan/fibrous	142.01 mg $g^{- 1}$	$C_{0} = 60 m g L^{- 1}$	Lai et al. 2023LAI L, TEH L, TIMMIATI S, KAMARUDIN N & SETIABUDI H. 2023. A sustainable solution for diclofenac adsorption: Chitosan-modified fibrous silica KCC-1 adsorbent. J Environ Chem Eng 11(6): 111295.
silica KCC-1		W = 0.15 g $L^{- 1}$
		PH = 4
		Fixed bed adsorption
Composite of heavy polyethylene	324.34 $μ g^{- 1}$	$C_{0} = 500 μ g L^{- 1}$	Américo-Pinheiro et al. 2022AMÉRICO-PINHEIRO JHP ET AL. 2022. Effective adsorption of diclofenac and naproxen from water using fixed-bed column loaded with composite of heavy sugarcane ash and polyethylene terephthalate. Envir Res 211: 112971.
sugarcane ash and		W = 4 g
terephthalate (PETSCA/Fe3+)		Q = 2 mL $m i n^{- 1}$
		Fixed bed adsorption
Activated carbon	14.73 mg $g^{- 1}$	$C_{0} = 100 μ g L^{- 1}$	This work
		W = 0.5 g
		Q = 3 mL $m i n^{- 1}$

Breakthrough curve	Langmuir		Freundlich		Sips		Redlich- Peterson
2-9	Adjusted $R^{2}$	BIC	Adjusted $R^{2}$	BIC	Adjusted $R^{2}$	BIC	Adjusted $R^{2}$	BIC
1	0.99	764.01	0.98	1725.37	0.99	420.58	0.98	1082.93
2	0.99	505.50	0.99	358.50	0.98	488.38	0.99	313.55
3	0.99	818.47	0.98	1717.93	0.99	589.53	0.99	631.58
4	0.99	242.62	0.98	869.31	0.99	309.46	0.99	379.82
5	0.98	469.75	0.98	624.26	0.98	455.18	0.99	294.69
6	0.99	333.65	0.99	233.37	0.98	336.18	0.99	132.04
7	0.99	263.80	0.97	968.52	0.99	240.66	0.99	336.19
8	0.99	282.40	0.99	372.87	0.99	369.59	0.99	199.53
9	0.99	333.55	0.98	440.58	0.98	404.27	0.99	91.49

Reference parameter values
$k_{s}$	$k_{L}$	$k_{F}$	n	$k_{S i p s}$	$β$	$k_{R} P$	$a_{R P}$	b	Pe
0.05	2.00	100	1.00	2.00	1.00	0.20	1.00	1.00	30.00
Estimated parameter values
$k_{s}$	$k_{L}$	$k_{F}$	n	$k_{S i p s}$	$β$	$k_{R} P$	$a_{R P}$	b	Pe
0.16	19.64	80.52	1.49	0.17	0.83	0.71	8.27	0.97	30.02

Breakthrough curve	Gamma driving force parameter
	Langmuir	Freundlich	Sips	Redlich-Peterson
	1	1.99	1.25	1.99	1.93
	2	1.52	1.40	1.46	1.51
3	1.99	1.52	1.99	1.98
4	1.64	1.49	1.62	1.62
5	1.78	1.36	1.69	1.89
6	1.31	1.28	1.26	1.53
7	1.86	1.47	1.75	1.74
8	1.61	1.47	1.55	1.44
9	1.46	1.43	1.47	1.61

Case	Fixed operating parameter	Breakthrough curves used in likelihood
C₀	20	1	3	5	7

[1] Correspondence to: Emanuel N. Macêdo E-mail: enegrao@ufpa.br

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Diclofenac sodium adsorption on activated carbon: experimental, modeling and bayesian statistics

Abstract