The immatures of three Neotropical species of <i>Palpomyia</i> Meigen (Diptera, Culicomorpha, Ceratopogonidae)

The first description of the fourth instar larva and pupa of Palpomyia mapuche Spinelli, Grogan & Ronderos and the pupa of P. subfuscula Ingram & Macfie are provided, as well as the redescription of the pupa of P. subaspera (Coquillett). Studied specimens were collected in lotic environments of Argentinian Patagonia, in Neuquén and Chubut Provinces. The described stages were examined and illustrated with a phase-contrast microscope. The larva was examined using a scanning electron microscope. Data on the bionomics for P. mapuche and new records for the three species are provided.

Key words
Biting midges; immature stages; larva; Palpomyiini; pupa

Authorship

DANIELLE ANJOS-SANTOS

Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Ecología y Sistemática Animal, (CIEMEP, UNPSJB), CONICET-CCT-PATAGONIA NORTE, Gral. Roca 780, Esquel (9200), Chubut, ArgentinaLaboratorio de Investigaciones en Ecología y Sistemática AnimalArgentinaChubut, ArgentinaLaboratorio de Investigaciones en Ecología y Sistemática Animal, (CIEMEP, UNPSJB), CONICET-CCT-PATAGONIA NORTE, Gral. Roca 780, Esquel (9200), Chubut, Argentina

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2889-5964

FLORENTINA DÍAZ

Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores/CEPAVE, CONICET-CCT-LA PLATA, Boulevard 120 s/n e/61 y 62, La Plata (1900), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores/CEPAVEArgentinaBuenos Aires, ArgentinaCentro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores/CEPAVE, CONICET-CCT-LA PLATA, Boulevard 120 s/n e/61 y 62, La Plata (1900), Buenos Aires, Argentina

División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, UNLP-FCNYM, Paseo del Bosque s/n, La Plata (1900), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaDivisión EntomologíaArgentinaBuenos Aires, ArgentinaDivisión Entomología, Museo de La Plata, UNLP-FCNYM, Paseo del Bosque s/n, La Plata (1900), Buenos Aires, Argentina

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5991-6756

GUSTAVO R. SPINELLI

Instituto de Limnología “Dr. Raúl Ringuelet” (ILPLA), CONICET-CCT-LA PLATA, Boulevard 120 s/n e/Avda. 60 y calle 64, La Plata (1900), Buenos Aires, ArgentinaInstituto de Limnología “Dr. Raúl Ringuelet” (ILPLA)Argentina, , ArgentinaInstituto de Limnología “Dr. Raúl Ringuelet” (ILPLA), CONICET-CCT-LA PLATA, Boulevard 120 s/n e/Avda. 60 y calle 64, La Plata (1900), Buenos Aires, Argentina

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5046-7106

MARÍA M. RONDEROS

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8322-1471

Correspondence to: Danielle Anjos-Santos E-mail: danianjos_santos@comahue-conicet.gob.ar

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

DAS performed the fieldwork, mounted part of the material, made all the drawings, worked the digital images, made the MEB and drawing plates; DAS and FD performed most of the morphological studies, wrote the manuscript and manuscript revision; GRS identified the species; MMR made photomicrographs and plates; MMR and GRS review the manuscript.

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures

Figures (5)

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Figures 1-4
Palpomyia mapuche Spinelli, Grogan & Ronderos, fourth instar larva (SEM). 1. head capsule, chaetotaxy, frontoventral view; 2. head capsule detail, anterofrontal view; 3. mouthparts, anterofrontal view; 4. caudal segment, lateral view. Scale 0.05 mm. Antennae (AN); collar (CO); galeolacinea (GL); hypostoma (HY); labrum (LB); lacinial sclerite 1 (LC1); lacinial sclerite 2 (LC2); mandible (MD); messors (MS); maxilla (MX); maxillary palpus (MP); palatal bar (PB); palatum (PL); sensilla campaniformia (SCa); sensilla styloconica (ss); sensilla trichoidea (st). Head capsule chaetotaxy: o, parahypostomal setae; u, mesolateral setae; v, posterolateral setae; w, anterolateral setae; x, parantennal setae; y, ventral setae. Caudal segment chaetotaxy: “i”, inner seta; “l₁”, first lateral seta; “l₂”, second lateral seta; “o”, outer seta; “v”, ventral setae.

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Figures 5-11
Palpomyia mapuche Spinelli, Grogan & Ronderos, fourth instar larva. 5, 7-8. photomicrographs. 6, 9-11. draw illustrations. 5. head capsule, ventral view; 6. head capsule, dorsal view; 7. detail of anterior portion of head capsule and hypopharynx, ventral view; 8, 11. epipharynx, ventral view; 9. left mandible, ventral view; 10. hypopharynx, ventral view. Scale 0.05 mm. Collar (CO); dorsal comb (DC); mandible (MD); fossa mandibularis (MF); labrum (LB); palatum (PL); ventral comb (VC). Head capsule chaetotaxy: j, colar pits; k, pronotal pits; o, parahypostomal setae; p, posterior perifrontal setae; q, postfrontal setae; r, postnotal pits; s, anteroperifrontal setae; t, prefrontal setae; x, parantennal setae; z, frontal pits.

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Figures 12-23
Female pupa. 12-15. Palpomyia mapuche Spinelli, Grogan & Ronderos. 16–19. Palpomyia subfuscula Ingram & Macfie. 20-23. Palpomyia subaspera (Coquillett). 12, 16, 20. respiratory organ. 13, 17, 21. dorsal apotome. 14, 18, 22. habitus. 15, 19, 23. Segment 9. Scale 0.05 mm. Antenna (AN); dorsal apotome sensilla (DA-1-H, DA-2-H); dorsal sensilla of segment 9 (D-5-IX); pedicel (P); pore (p); respiratory organ (RO); segment 1 (1^st seg.); segment 4 (4^th seg.); segment 9 (Seg. 9); terminal process (TP).

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Figures 24-37
Palpomyia mapuche Spinelli, Grogan & Ronderos; Palpomyia subfuscula Ingram & Macfie; Palpomyia subaspera (Coquillett). 24. Palpomyia mapuche Spinelli, Grogan & Ronderos, male pupa. 25-28. Palpomyia mapuche Spinelli, Grogan & Ronderos, female pupa. 29-32. Palpomyia subfuscula Ingram & Macfie, female pupa. 33. Palpomyia subaspera (Coquillett), male pupa. 34-37. Palpomyia subaspera (Coquillett), female pupa. 24, 33. dorsal apotome, dorsal view; 25, 29, 34. mouthparts, ventral view; 26, 30, 35. dorsolateral cephalic sclerites, dorsolateral view; 27, 31, 36. anterolateral sensillum and anteromedial sensilla, dorsolateral view; 28, 32, 37. dorsal sensilla and supraalar sensillum, dorsal view. Scale 0.05 mm. Anterolateral sensillum (AL-1-T); anteromedial sensilla (AM-1-T, AM-2-T, AM-3-T); clypeal/labral sensilla (CL-1-H, CL-2-H); dorsal apotome sensilla (DA-1-H, DA-2-H); dorsal sensilla (D-1-T, D-2-T, D-3-T, D-4-T, D-5-T); dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla (DL-1-H, DL-2-H); respiratory organ (RO); pedicel (P); ocular sensilla (O-1-H, O-2-H, O-3-H); supraalar sensillum (SA-2-T).

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Figures 38-45
Palpomyia mapuche Spinelli, Grogan & Ronderos, female pupa. 40. Palpomyia mapuche Spinelli, Grogan & Ronderos, male pupa. 41-42. Palpomyia subfuscula Ingram & Macfie, female pupa. 43-44. Palpomyia subaspera (Coquillett), female pupa. 45. Palpomyia subaspera (Coquillett), male pupa. 38, 41, 43. metathoracics and tergite 1 chaetotaxy, dorsal view; 39, 42, 44. segment 4 chaetotaxy, dorsal and ventral view. 40, 45. segment 9, ventral view. Scale 0.05 mm. Dorsal sensilla of segment 1 (D-2-I, D-3-I, D-4-I, D-5-I, D-7-I, D-8-I, D-9-I); dorsal sensilla of segment 4 (D-2-IV, D-3-IV, D-4-IV, D-5-IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV); dorsal sensilla of segment 9 (D-5-IX, D-6-IX); genital lobe (GL); lateral sensilla of segment 1 (L-1-I, L-2-I, L-3-I); lateral sensilla of segment 4 (L-1-IV, L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV); metathoracic sensillum (M-3-T); terminal process (TP); ventral sensilla of segment 4 (V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV).

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Figures 1-4 Palpomyia mapuche Spinelli, Grogan & Ronderos, fourth instar larva (SEM). 1. head capsule, chaetotaxy, frontoventral view; 2. head capsule detail, anterofrontal view; 3. mouthparts, anterofrontal view; 4. caudal segment, lateral view. Scale 0.05 mm. Antennae (AN); collar (CO); galeolacinea (GL); hypostoma (HY); labrum (LB); lacinial sclerite 1 (LC1); lacinial sclerite 2 (LC2); mandible (MD); messors (MS); maxilla (MX); maxillary palpus (MP); palatal bar (PB); palatum (PL); sensilla campaniformia (SCa); sensilla styloconica (ss); sensilla trichoidea (st). Head capsule chaetotaxy: o, parahypostomal setae; u, mesolateral setae; v, posterolateral setae; w, anterolateral setae; x, parantennal setae; y, ventral setae. Caudal segment chaetotaxy: “i”, inner seta; “l₁”, first lateral seta; “l₂”, second lateral seta; “o”, outer seta; “v”, ventral setae.

Figures 5-11 Palpomyia mapuche Spinelli, Grogan & Ronderos, fourth instar larva. 5, 7-8. photomicrographs. 6, 9-11. draw illustrations. 5. head capsule, ventral view; 6. head capsule, dorsal view; 7. detail of anterior portion of head capsule and hypopharynx, ventral view; 8, 11. epipharynx, ventral view; 9. left mandible, ventral view; 10. hypopharynx, ventral view. Scale 0.05 mm. Collar (CO); dorsal comb (DC); mandible (MD); fossa mandibularis (MF); labrum (LB); palatum (PL); ventral comb (VC). Head capsule chaetotaxy: j, colar pits; k, pronotal pits; o, parahypostomal setae; p, posterior perifrontal setae; q, postfrontal setae; r, postnotal pits; s, anteroperifrontal setae; t, prefrontal setae; x, parantennal setae; z, frontal pits.

Figures 12-23 Female pupa. 12-15. Palpomyia mapuche Spinelli, Grogan & Ronderos. 16–19. Palpomyia subfuscula Ingram & Macfie. 20-23. Palpomyia subaspera (Coquillett). 12, 16, 20. respiratory organ. 13, 17, 21. dorsal apotome. 14, 18, 22. habitus. 15, 19, 23. Segment 9. Scale 0.05 mm. Antenna (AN); dorsal apotome sensilla (DA-1-H, DA-2-H); dorsal sensilla of segment 9 (D-5-IX); pedicel (P); pore (p); respiratory organ (RO); segment 1 (1^st seg.); segment 4 (4^th seg.); segment 9 (Seg. 9); terminal process (TP).

Figures 24-37 Palpomyia mapuche Spinelli, Grogan & Ronderos; Palpomyia subfuscula Ingram & Macfie; Palpomyia subaspera (Coquillett). 24. Palpomyia mapuche Spinelli, Grogan & Ronderos, male pupa. 25-28. Palpomyia mapuche Spinelli, Grogan & Ronderos, female pupa. 29-32. Palpomyia subfuscula Ingram & Macfie, female pupa. 33. Palpomyia subaspera (Coquillett), male pupa. 34-37. Palpomyia subaspera (Coquillett), female pupa. 24, 33. dorsal apotome, dorsal view; 25, 29, 34. mouthparts, ventral view; 26, 30, 35. dorsolateral cephalic sclerites, dorsolateral view; 27, 31, 36. anterolateral sensillum and anteromedial sensilla, dorsolateral view; 28, 32, 37. dorsal sensilla and supraalar sensillum, dorsal view. Scale 0.05 mm. Anterolateral sensillum (AL-1-T); anteromedial sensilla (AM-1-T, AM-2-T, AM-3-T); clypeal/labral sensilla (CL-1-H, CL-2-H); dorsal apotome sensilla (DA-1-H, DA-2-H); dorsal sensilla (D-1-T, D-2-T, D-3-T, D-4-T, D-5-T); dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla (DL-1-H, DL-2-H); respiratory organ (RO); pedicel (P); ocular sensilla (O-1-H, O-2-H, O-3-H); supraalar sensillum (SA-2-T).

Figures 38-45 Palpomyia mapuche Spinelli, Grogan & Ronderos, female pupa. 40. Palpomyia mapuche Spinelli, Grogan & Ronderos, male pupa. 41-42. Palpomyia subfuscula Ingram & Macfie, female pupa. 43-44. Palpomyia subaspera (Coquillett), female pupa. 45. Palpomyia subaspera (Coquillett), male pupa. 38, 41, 43. metathoracics and tergite 1 chaetotaxy, dorsal view; 39, 42, 44. segment 4 chaetotaxy, dorsal and ventral view. 40, 45. segment 9, ventral view. Scale 0.05 mm. Dorsal sensilla of segment 1 (D-2-I, D-3-I, D-4-I, D-5-I, D-7-I, D-8-I, D-9-I); dorsal sensilla of segment 4 (D-2-IV, D-3-IV, D-4-IV, D-5-IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV); dorsal sensilla of segment 9 (D-5-IX, D-6-IX); genital lobe (GL); lateral sensilla of segment 1 (L-1-I, L-2-I, L-3-I); lateral sensilla of segment 4 (L-1-IV, L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV); metathoracic sensillum (M-3-T); terminal process (TP); ventral sensilla of segment 4 (V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV).

Figures 1-4 Palpomyia mapuche Spinelli, Grogan & Ronderos, fourth instar larva (SEM). 1. head capsule, chaetotaxy, frontoventral view; 2. head capsule detail, anterofrontal view; 3. mouthparts, anterofrontal view; 4. caudal segment, lateral view. Scale 0.05 mm. Antennae (AN); collar (CO); galeolacinea (GL); hypostoma (HY); labrum (LB); lacinial sclerite 1 (LC1); lacinial sclerite 2 (LC2); mandible (MD); messors (MS); maxilla (MX); maxillary palpus (MP); palatal bar (PB); palatum (PL); sensilla campaniformia (SCa); sensilla styloconica (ss); sensilla trichoidea (st). Head capsule chaetotaxy: o, parahypostomal setae; u, mesolateral setae; v, posterolateral setae; w, anterolateral setae; x, parantennal setae; y, ventral setae. Caudal segment chaetotaxy: “i”, inner seta; “l₁”, first lateral seta; “l₂”, second lateral seta; “o”, outer seta; “v”, ventral setae.

Figures 38-45 Palpomyia mapuche Spinelli, Grogan & Ronderos, female pupa. 40. Palpomyia mapuche Spinelli, Grogan & Ronderos, male pupa. 41-42. Palpomyia subfuscula Ingram & Macfie, female pupa. 43-44. Palpomyia subaspera (Coquillett), female pupa. 45. Palpomyia subaspera (Coquillett), male pupa. 38, 41, 43. metathoracics and tergite 1 chaetotaxy, dorsal view; 39, 42, 44. segment 4 chaetotaxy, dorsal and ventral view. 40, 45. segment 9, ventral view. Scale 0.05 mm. Dorsal sensilla of segment 1 (D-2-I, D-3-I, D-4-I, D-5-I, D-7-I, D-8-I, D-9-I); dorsal sensilla of segment 4 (D-2-IV, D-3-IV, D-4-IV, D-5-IV, D-7-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV); dorsal sensilla of segment 9 (D-5-IX, D-6-IX); genital lobe (GL); lateral sensilla of segment 1 (L-1-I, L-2-I, L-3-I); lateral sensilla of segment 4 (L-1-IV, L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV); metathoracic sensillum (M-3-T); terminal process (TP); ventral sensilla of segment 4 (V-5-IV, V-6-IV, V-7-IV).

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Métricas

The immatures of three Neotropical species of <i>Palpomyia</i> Meigen (Diptera, Culicomorpha, Ceratopogonidae)

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Mensagem

[1] Correspondence to: Danielle Anjos-Santos E-mail: danianjos_santos@comahue-conicet.gob.ar