Influence of production level, number, and stage of lactation on milk quality in compost barn systems

NOGARA, KARISE FERNANDA; BUSANELLO, MARCOS; HORST, JOSÉ AUGUSTO; ZOPOLLATTO, MAITY

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202420221063

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ANIMAL SCIENCE • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 96 (3) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202420221063 copy

Influence of production level, number, and stage of lactation on milk quality in compost barn systems

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

This study evaluated the influence of milk production, number of lactations, and days in milk (DIM) on the quality and composition of milk from dairy cows housed in a compost barn (CB) system. The study was carried out using a six-year database, counting 31,268 observations from 2,037 cows of European breeds. Multiparous cows showed higher fat and protein production. Lactose showed high levels for primiparous and the initial stage of lactation (4.65%) and was negatively influenced by somatic cell count (SCC). Milk urea nitrogen was higher (14.01%) from 106 to 205 days in milk, and the other components were higher at >305 days. Therefore, the solids content was higher in the first and second lactations due to the high contents of lactose, fat, and milk protein, but lactose was reduced over lactations. In contrast, high DIM increased SCC and concentrated solids due to lower milk production. The effect of milk production, stage, and lactation order on the composition and milk quality of herds housed in CB showed the same pattern as in other production systems.

Key words
Compost bedded pack barn; confinement; dairy cows; lactation physiology

Variable	N¹	Min²	Median	Mean	Max³
Lactation
1	10,566	5.90	33.40	33.45	70.00
2	8,749	6.00	38.20	38.00	74.50
3	6,025	7.20	39.30	39.07	79.00
> 3	5,928	5.20	38.65	38.59	79.20
Milk Production
< 25 liters	4,110	5.20	21.25	20.24	24.90
25 a 40 liters	15,743	25.00	33.20	32.98	40.00
> 40 liters	11,415	40.10	46.50	47.98	79.20
DIM ⁴
≤ 105	9,224	5.20	42.40	42.46	79.00
106 a 205	9,189	5.90	39.00	39.20	79.20
206 a 305	8,176	6.10	33.10	33.27	65.10
> 305	4,679	5.50	26.80	26.99	64.70

Fat (%)
Variable	N ¹	Mean %	Standard error	p-value
Lactation				<0.0001
1	10,566	3.59 b	0.031
2	8,749	3.65 a	0.032
3	6,025	3.64 a	0.032
> 3	5,928	3.58 b	0.032
Milk Production				<0.0001
< 25 liters	4,110	3.95 a	0.031
25 to 40 liters	15,743	3.62 b	0.032
> 40 liters	11,415	3.26 c	0.033
DIM ²				<0.0001
≤ 105	9,224	3.50 c	0.032
106 to 205	9,189	3.51 c	0.032
206 to 305	8,176	3.66 b	0.032
> 305	4,679	3.79 a	0.032

Protein (%)
Variable	N ¹	Mean %	Standard error	p-value
Lactation				<0.0001
1	10,566	3.36 c	0.010
2	8,749	3.41 a	0.010
3	6,025	3.38 b	0.010
> 3	5,928	3.30 d	0.010
Milk Production				<0.0001
< 25 liters	4,110	3.53 a	0.010
25 to 40 liters	15,743	3.37 b	0.010
> 40 liters	11,415	3.19 c	0.010
DIM ²				<0.0001
≤ 105	9,224	3.16 d	0.010
106 to 205	9,189	3.33 c	0.010
206 to 305	8,176	3.43 b	0.010
> 305	4,679	3.54 a	0.011

Lactose (%)
Variable	N ¹	Mean %	Standard error	p-value
Lactation				<0.0001
1	10,566	4.73 a	0.005
2	8,749	4.59 b	0.005
3	6,025	4.53 c	0.005
> 3	5,928	4.49 d	0.005
Milk Production				<0.0001
< 25 litros	4,110	4.49 c	0.005
25 to 40 litros	15,743	4.61 b	0.005
> 40 litros	11,415	4.66 a	0.005
DIM ²				<0.0001
≤ 105	9,224	4.64 a	0.005
106 to 205	9,189	4.62 b	0.005
206 to 305	8,176	4.57 c	0.005
> 305	4,679	4.50 d	0.005

Total Solids (%)
Variable	N ¹	Mean %	Standard error	p-value
Lactation				<0.0001
1	10,566	12.65 a	0.037
2	8,749	12.62 a	0.037
3	6,025	12.51 b	0.038
> 3	5,928	12.32 c	0.038
Milk Production				<0.0001
< 25 liters	4,110	12.94 a	0.037
25 to 40 liters	15,743	12.57 b	0.037
> 40 liters	11,415	12.06 c	0.038
DIM ²				<0.0001
≤ 105	9,224	12.25 d	0.037
106 to 205	9,189	12.42 c	0.037
206 to 305	8,176	12.63 b	0.037
> 305	4,679	12.80 a	0.038

Milk Urea Nitrogen (mg/dL)
Variable	N ¹	Mean %	Standard error	p-value
Lactation				<0.0001
1	10,566	14.08 a	0.230
2	8,749	13.74 b	0.230
3	6,025	13.51 c	0.230
> 3	5,928	13.26 d	0.230
Milk Production				<0.0001
< 25 liters	4,110	13.28 b	0.228
25 to 40 liters	15,743	13.83 a	0.229
> 40 liters	11,415	13.83 a	0.232
DIM ²				<0.0001
≤ 105	9,224	13.40 c	0.230
106 to 205	9,189	14.00 a	0.230
206 to 305	8,176	13.74 b	0.230
> 305	4,679	13.44 c	0.231

Somatic cells count (cells/mL)
Variable	N ¹	Mean cells/mL	Standard error	p-value
Lactation				<0.0001
1	10,566	54,480 d	0.037
2	8,749	71,214 c	0.037
3	6,025	105,510 b	0.038
> 3	5,928	174,013 a	0.038
Milk Production				<0.0001
< 25 liters	4,110	92,000 b	0.036
25 to 40 liters	15,743	52,852 c	0.037
> 40 liters	11,415	159,465 a	0.040
DIM ²				<0.0001
≤ 105	9,224	73,325 d	0.038
106 to 205	9,189	84,903 c	0.037
206 to 305	8,176	97,548 b	0.037
> 305	4,679	117,300 a	0.039

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[1] Correspondence to: Karise Fernanda Nogara E-mail: nogara.karise@gmail.com