Effects of different additives on cattle feed intake and performance - a systematic review and meta-analysis

FERNANDES, LEILA D.; VASCONCELOS, ALESSANDRA B.I.; LOBO JÚNIOR, ADALFREDO R.; ROSADO, GUSTAVO L.; BENTO, CLÁUDIA B.P.

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202420230172

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ANIMAL SCIENCE • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 96 (3) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202420230172 copy

Effects of different additives on cattle feed intake and performance - a systematic review and meta-analysis

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

In the last few years, there has been a growing interest in the use of natural feed additives in animal feed. These can be used as replacements for antibiotics, to alter rumen fermentation and increase feed efficiency in ruminants. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of adding different feed additives in the diet of beef and dairy cattle on their performance, dry matter intake (DMI) and feed efficiency, through a systematic review followed by meta-analysis. The systematic review suggested 43 peer-reviewed publications, according to the pre-established criteria. In beef cattle, the ionophore antibiotics reduced the DMI, improved the feed efficiency without interfering in the average daily gain (ADG). Non-ionophore antibiotics and propolis extract increased the ADG. In dairy cattle, the ionophores, yeast-based additives, and enzyme additives increased the feed efficiency, DMI, and daily milk production (MY), respectively. Essential oil supplementation in beef and dairy cattle had no effect on the feed intake and animal performance. The systematic review and meta-analysis allowed us to conclude that different feed additives have different effects on cattle performance, however, our results suggest that there are a few gaps regarding their effects on animal performance.

Key words
Antimicrobials; essential oil; feed efficiency; ionophores; nutrition; ruminants

	Animal class¹	Experimental period (day)	Experimental desing	Treatments²
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Focant et al. (2019)FOCANT M, FROIDMONT E, ARCHAMBEAU Q, DANG VAN QC & LARONDELLE Y. 2019. The effect of oak tannin (Quercus robur) and hops (Humulus lupulus) on dietary nitrogen efficiency, methane emission, and milk fatty acid composition of dairy cows fed a low-protein diet including linseed. J Dairy Sci 102: 1144-1159.	Dairy	63	Latin square	Control (1); Condensed Tannins (1);
Fonseca et al. (2019)FONSECA MP ET AL. 2019. Energy partitioning in cattle fed diets based on tropical forage with the inclusion of antibiotic additives. PLoS ONE 14: e0211565.	Beef	70	Completely randomized design	Control (1); Ionophore antibiotics (1); Non-ionophore antibiotics (1);
Fugita et al. (2017)FUGITA CA, PRADO RM, VALERO MV, BONAFÉ EG, CARVALHO CB, GUERRERO A, SAÑUDO C & PRADO IN. 2018. Effect of the inclusion of natural additives on animal performance and meat quality of crossbred bulls (Angus x Nellore) finished in feedlot. Anim Prod Sci 58: 2076-2083.	Beef	94	Completely randomized design	Control (1); Essential oils* (2);
Ghizzi et al. (2018)GHIZZI LG, DEL VALLE TA, TAKIYA CS, SILVA GG, ZILIO EMC, GRIGOLETTO NTS, MARTELLO LS & RENNÓ FP. 2018. Effects of functional oils on ruminal fermentation, rectal temperature, and performance of dairy cows under high temperature humidity index environment. Anim Feed Sci Technol 246: 158-166.	Dairy	42	Randomized block	Control (1); Ionophore antibiotics (1); Essential oils* (1);
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Variable	Treatments	MD	95% CI	P-value	Heterogeneity		Model
Variable	Treatments	MD	95% CI	P-value	I² (%)	Q	Model
Ionophoric Antibiotics
ADG (kg/day)	16	0.00	[-0.06; 0.06]	0.9756	43	0.0350	Random-effects
DMI (kg/day)	16	-0.48	[-0.74; -0.21]	0.0004	41	0.0439	Random-effects
Feed efficiency	16	0.01	[0.00; 0.01]	0.0067	63	0.0004	Random-effects
Non-Ionophoric Antibiotics
ADG (kg/day)	5	0.07	[0.01; 0.12]	0.0128	35	0.1898	Fixed-effect
DMI (kg/day)	5	-0.12	[-0.75; 0.52]	0.7182	0	0.7786	Fixed-effect
Feed efficiency	2	-0.01	[-0.02; 0.00]	0.1833	0	0.4898	Fixed-effect
Essencial oil s
ADG (kg/day)	8	0.06	[-0.01; 0.14]	0.1155	74	0.0003	Random-effects
DMI (kg/day)	8	0.14	[-0.19; 0.47]	0.3955	0	0.7792	Fixed-effect
Feed efficiency	4	0.00	[-0.01; 0.01]	0.6323	0	0.5419	Fixed-effect
Propolis extract
ADG (kg/day)	2	0.16	[0.01; 0.31]	0.0350	0	0.7921	Fixed-effect
DMI (kg/day)	2	0.15	[-0.36; 0.66]	0.5563	0	0.9431	Fixed-effect
Feed efficiency	2	0.01	[-0.01; 0.03]	0.3961	0	1.0000	Fixed-effect

Variable	Treatments	MD	95% CI	P-value	Heterogeneity		Model
Variable	Treatments	MD	95% CI	P-value	I ² (%)	Q	Model
Ionophoric Antibiotics
MY (kg/day)	14	0.22	[-0.36; 0.81]	0.4508	49	0.0205	Random-effects
DMI (kg/day)	14	-0.67	[-1.46; 0.12]	0.0971	94	< 0.0001	Random-effects
Feed efficiency	9	0.06	[0.02; 0.10]	0.0079	89	< 0.0001	Random-effects
Tannins
MY (kg/day)	7	0.27	[-0.65; 1.19]	0.5622	0	0.9711	Fixed-effect
DMI (kg/day)	7	-0.08	[-1.18; 1.02]	0.8884	77	0.0002	Random-effects
Feed efficiency	0	-	-	-	-	-	-
Essencial oils
MY (kg/day)	24	0.16	[-0.28; 0.61]	0.4717	42	0.0178	Random-effects
DMI (kg/day)	25	0.13	[-0.27; 0.54]	0.5192	75	< 0.0001	Random-effects
Feed efficiency	10	0.01	[-0.02; 0.03]	0.6545	18	0.2773	Fixed-effect
Yeast-based Additives
MY (kg/day)	3	0.25	[-0.67; 1.17]	0.5919	0	0.8257	Fixed-effect
DMI (kg/day)	3	0.59	[0.29; 0.89]	0.0001	0	0.9495	Fixed-effect
Feed efficiency	3	0.00	[-0.05; 0.05]	0.9894	0	0.5626	Fixed-effect
Enzyme Additives
MY (kg/day)	9	0.69	[0.03; 1.35]	0.0408	0	0.9180	Fixed-effect
DMI (kg/day)	9	-0.24	[-1.20; 0.72]	0.6261	80	< 0.0001	Random-effects
Feed efficiency	7	0.00	[-0.03; 0.03]	0.9295	44	0.0986	Fixed-effect

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[1] Correspondence to: Cláudia Braga Pereira Bento E-mail: cbpbento@ufvjm.edu.br, cbpbento@gmail.com