Functional response and preference of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Ceratitis capitata and Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)

ALTAFINI, DEISI L.; REDAELLI, LUIZA R.; JAHNKE, SIMONE M.; EFROM, CAIO F.S.

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202120190935

DEISI L. ALTAFINI

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul/UFRGS, Faculdade de Agronomia, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, 91540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3875-9779

LUIZA R. REDAELLI

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul/UFRGS, Faculdade de Agronomia, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, 91540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6418-1176

SIMONE M. JAHNKE

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul/UFRGS, Faculdade de Agronomia, Departamento de Fitossanidade, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 7712, 91540-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0731-5000

CAIO F.S. EFROM

Secretaria de Agricultura, Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural, Departamento de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária, R. Gonçalves Dias, 570, 90130-060 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0689-7747

Correspondence to: Caio Fábio Stoffel Efrom E-mail: caio-efrom@agricultura.rs.gov.br

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Each author contributed individually and significantly for the development of the study. DLA, LRR and SMJ conceived and planned the study. DLA carried out the experiments. DLA, LRR, CFSE and SMJ contributed to the interpretation of the results. CFSE and DLA took the lead in writing the manuscript. All authors provided critical feedback and reviewed the manuscript.

Figures (2)
Tables (4)

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Figure 1
Functional response of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata in Ceratitis capitata: ●, number of larvae parasitized in each repetition; x, average number of larvae parasitized for each density. The continuous line refers to the adjustment of the polynomial model to data observed.

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Figure 2
Functional response of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata in Anastrepha fraterculus: ●, number of larvae parasitized in each repetition; x, average number of larvae parasitized for each density. The continuous line refers to the adjustment of the polynomial model to data observed.

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Table I
Mean number observed (gross values transformed by √x+1) and estimated of larvae of Ceratitis capitata parasitized by females of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Na), exposed to different host densities (No), percentage of parasitized larvae and estimated values of attack rate (a’), search efficiency (E), total handling time (Th _total) and search time (Ts), based on the random model of Holling’s discs equation. Data refer to a total time of exposure of three hours. Values between brackets indicate the number of repetitions.

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Table II
Mean number observed (gross values transformed by √x+1) and estimated of larvae of Anastrepha fraterculus parasitized by females of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Na), exposed to different host densities (No), percentage of parasitized larvae and estimated values of attack rate (a’), search efficiency (E), total handling time (Th _total) and search time (Ts), based on the random model of Holling’s discs equation. Data refer to a total time of exposure of three hours. Values between brackets indicate the number of repetitions.

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Table III
Average percentage (± SE) of parasitism and emergence of females of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata from different origins on Ceratitis capitata (n=20) and Anastrepha fraterculus (n = 20), in experiment of preference for host.

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Table IV
Average percentage (± SE) of emergence and mortality of Ceratitis capitata (n = 20) and Anastrepha fraterculus (n = 20) exposed to Diachasmimorpha longicaudata from different origins, in experiment of preference for host.

	Host densities (No)
Mean ± SE	1 (46)	3 (20)	5 (35)	10 (34)	25 (35)	35 (28)	55 (20)
Na observed (gross values)	0.04±0.087c¹	0.19±0.700 bc	0.19±0.943bc	2.03± 0.340ab	2.71±0.45ab	5.0±0.700a	4.85±0.850a
Na observed (transformed)	1.04±0.017 c	1.27±0.072bc	1.34±0.065bc	1.65±0.095ab	1.81±0.113ab	2.32±0.150a	2.29±0.177a
Na estimated	0.22	0.64	1.02	1.82	3.44	4.15	5.11
% parasitized larvae	8.7	23.3	18.9	20.3	10.9	14.3	8.2
a’	0.0005±2x10^-4b	0.0014±4x10^-4a	0.0011±2x10^-4a	0.001±2x10^-4ª	0.0006±9x10^-5a	0.0008±9x10^-5ab	0.0005±5x10^-5ab
E	0.09±0.042b	0.23±0.064a	0.19±0.034a	0.20±0.029ª	0.11±0.016a	0.14±0.016a	0.09±0.010a
Th_total (min)	1.83±0.886c	13.70±3.83bc	19.88±4.141bc	42.8±7.095ab	57.24±9.572ab	105.5±14.87a	102.29±18.121a
Ts (min)	178.17±0.886a	166.29±3.83ab	160.12±4.141ab	137.2 ±7.095bc	122.76±9.572bc	74.55±14.87c	77.71±18.121c

	Host densities (No)
Mean ± SE	1 (20)	3 (20)	5 (20)	10 (20)	25 (20)	35 (20)	55 (20)
Na observed (gross values)	0.099±0.25c¹	0.232±1.65c	0.139±0.5c	0.296±1.85bc	0.513±3.85ab	0.954±11.05a	0.983±10.85a
Na observed (transformed)	1.10±0.027c	1.59±0.075c	1.18±0.055c	1.59±0.098bc	2.06±0.130ab	3.34±0.185a	3.28±0.233a
Na estimated	0.001	0.02	0.05	0.26	4.02	10.99	10.84
% parasitized larvae	25	55	10	18.5	15.4	31.54	19.72
a’	0.0024±9x10^-4 b	0.0046±7x10^-4a	0.0007±3x10^-4 b	0.0012±3x10^-4b	0.0009±2x10^-4b	0.0021±3x10^-4 a	0.0012±2x10^-4ab
E	0.25±0.099b	0.55±0.077a	0.10±0.004b	0.18±0.045b	0.15±0.031b	0.32±0.041 a	0.20±0.027ab
Th_total (min)	19.10±7.59c	126.11±17.77c	38.21±16.17c	141.40±34.30ac	294.26±59.53ab	844.6±110.50b	929.27±113.94b
Ts (min)	160.90±7.59a	53.89±17.77a	141.79±16.17a	38.60±34.30a	---	---	---

	Origin of females of D. longicaudata
	C. capitata				A. fraterculus
Host species	Parasitism (%)		Emergence of females (%)		Parasitism (%)		Emergence of females (%)
C. capitata	13.0 ± 3.70	Aa¹	23.7 ± 8.65	Ba	16.0 ± 3.93	Ba	25.7 ± 8.93	Ba
A. fraterculus	14.0 ± 4.06	Ab	52.5 ± 11.16	Ab	40.0 ± 5.47	Aa	72.0 ± 7.20	Aa

Origin of parasitoid	Emergence of		Mortality of
Origin of parasitoid	C. capitata (%)	A. fraterculus (%)	C. capitata (%)	A. fraterculus (%)
C. capitata	63.5 ± 6.25ns¹	56.0 ± 4.88ns	23.5 ± 4.54ns	27.0 ± 3.25ns
A. fraterculus	59.5 ± 3.36a²	42.0 ± 5.55b	25.0 ± 3.66ns	18.5 ± 3.42ns

[1] Correspondence to: Caio Fábio Stoffel Efrom E-mail: caio-efrom@agricultura.rs.gov.br

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Functional response and preference of Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Ceratitis capitata and Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Abstract