N deposition affects allelopathic potential of <b><i>Amaranthus retroflexus</i></b> with different distribution regions

WANG, CONGYAN; LIU, JUN; ZHOU, JIAWEI

doi:10.1590/0001-3765201720160513

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Biological Sciences • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 89 (02) • Apr-Jun 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720160513 linkcopy

N deposition affects allelopathic potential of Amaranthus retroflexus with different distribution regions

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ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine the allelopathic potential of Amaranthus retroflexus (Ar) with different climatic zones on seed germination and growth of A. tricolor (At) treated with a gradient N addition. Ar leaf extracts only displayed significantly allelopathic potential on the underground growth of Ar but not the aboveground growth of At. The allelopathic potential of Ar leaf extracts on root length of At were enhanced under N addition and there may be a N-concentration-dependent relationship. The effects of the extracts of Ar leaves that collected from Zhenjiang on seed germination and growth of At may be higher than that collected from Jinan especially on root length of At under medium N addition. This reason may be the contained higher concentration of secondary metabolites for the leaves of plants that growths in high latitudes compare with that growth in low latitudes. This phenomenon may also partly be attributed to the fact that Ar originated in America and/or south-eastern Asia which have higher similarity climate conditions as Zhenjiang rather than Jinan. The allelopathic potential of Ar on seed germination and growth of acceptor species may play an important role in its successful invasion especially in the distribution region with low latitudes.

Key words: Allelopathic potential; invasive plant; N deposition; seed germination; Amaranthus retroflexus

Treatment	PH	RL	BM	GR	GP	GI	GRI	VI
CK	1.03±0.01e	3.09±0.05a	0.03±0.01c	99.33±0.67a	98.67±0.82a	46.29±0.45a	45.98±0.56ab	1.17±0.25c
JN	1.73±0.05cd	2.42±0.06b	0.05±0.00b	99.33±0.67a	98.67±0.82a	45.92±0.35ab	45.62±0.61ab	2.44±0.16b
ZJ	1.91±0.07bc	2.65±0.11b	0.07±0.01ab	99.33±0.67a	98.00±0.82a	46.53±0.42a	46.23±0.69ab	3.34±0.31ab
N-2.5	1.62±0.04d	2.52±0.08b	0.06±0.01b	98.67±0.82a	98.00±0.82a	45.70±0.51ab	45.11±0.85ab	2.58±0.28b
N-5	1.76±0.03cd	2.14±0.09c	0.05±0.01b	100.00±0.00a	99.33±0.67a	47.03±0.28a	47.03±0.28a	2.39±0.25b
N-10	1.65±0.04d	1.64±0.03d	0.08±0.00a	100.00±0.00a	98.67±0.82a	46.18±0.37a	46.18±0.37ab	3.64±0.21a
N-2.5*JN	1.77±0.03cd	1.71±0.06d	0.06±0.00ab	100.00±0.00a	99.33±0.67a	45.40±0.85ab	45.40±0.85ab	2.80±0.22ab
N-2.5*ZJ	2.05±0.04b	1.78±0.11d	0.07±0.01ab	100.00±0.00a	100.00±0.00a	46.72±0.17a	46.72±0.17a	3.41±0.25ab
N-5*JN	1.74±0.07cd	1.19±0.03f	0.06±0.00ab	98.00±0.82a	97.34±0.67a	44.77±0.37ab	43.88±0.61ab	2.72±0.20ab
N-5*ZJ	2.36±0.07a	1.41±0.04e	0.07±0.00ab	99.33±0.67a	97.33±1.25a	44.98±0.61ab	44.69±0.74ab	3.09±0.14ab
N-10*JN	1.82±0.02cd	0.67±0.05g	0.05±0.00b	99.33±0.67a	98.67±0.82a	43.72±0.48b	43.42±0.38b	2.35±0.18b
N-10*ZJ	2.06±0.05b	0.79±0.04g	0.05±0.01b	98.67±0.82a	98.00±0.82a	45.00±0.83ab	44.42±1.16ab	2.43±0.28b

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[TFN1] Data with different letters in a vertical row indicate a significant difference (P < 0.05). Abbreviations: PH, plant height (cm); RL, root length (cm); BM, seedling biomass (fresh weight) (g); GR, germination rate (%); GP, germination potential (%); GI, germination index; GRI, germination rate index; VI, vigor index; CK, sterile distilled water; JN, the extracts of A. retroflexus leaves that collected from Jinan, ZJ, the extracts of A. retroflexus leaves that collected from Zhenjiang; N-2.5, 2.5 g m-2 yr-1; N-5, 5 g m-2 yr-1; N-10, 10 g m-2 yr-1; N-2.5*JN, the combined treatment of N-2.5 and JN; N-2.5*ZJ, the combined treatment of N-2.5 and ZJ; N-5*JN, the combined treatment of N-5 and JN; N-5*ZJ, the combined treatment of N-5 and ZJ; N-10*JN, the combined treatment of N-10 and JN; N-10*ZJ, the combined treatment of N-10 and ZJ.