The herbicide tebuthiuron and temperature increase related to climate change can impair the photosynthesis of <i>Oedogonium</i> sp. (Chlorophyta)

Boas, Lucas Kortz Vilas; Branco, Ciro Cesar Zanini

doi:10.1590/1677-941X-ABB-2023-0091

Lucas Kortz Vilas Boas

study conception and design

Material preparation

data collection

analysis

first draft of the manuscript

Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biologia Aquática. Assis, SP, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0915-6397

Ciro Cesar Zanini Branco

study conception and design

Supervision

project administration

funding acquisition

commented on, reviewed and edited previous versions of the manuscript

Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biologia Aquática. Assis, SP, Brazil

* Corresponding author: ciro.branco@unesp.br

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4099-8755

*
Corresponding author: ciro.branco@unesp.br

Conflict of interest

All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Editor-in-Chief:

Thaís Elias Almeida

Associate Editor:

Flavio Antonio Maës dos Santos

Figures (5)
Tables (1)

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Figure 1
Y(II) (effective quantum yield of photosystem II): mean values (n = 5) for Oedogonium sp. after seven days of exposure to different tebuthiuron concentrations and temperature increase scenarios. MMT = mean of measured temperatures. *different letters indicate significant differences according to two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. The line represents the median value, the x represents the mean value, and the box represents the lower (25%) and upper (75%) quartiles. Minimum and maximum values are indicated by the whiskers.

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Figure 2
Y(NO) (non-regulated non-photochemical energy loss in photosystem II): mean values (n = 5) for Oedogonium sp. after seven days of exposure to different tebuthiuron concentrations and temperature increase scenarios. MMT = mean of measured temperatures. *different letters indicate significant differences according to two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. The line represents the median value, the x represents the mean value, and the box represents the lower (25%) and upper (75%) quartiles. Minimum and maximum values are indicated by the whiskers.

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Figure 3
Y(NPQ) (regulated non-photochemical energy loss in photosystem II): mean values (n = 5) for Oedogonium sp. after seven days of exposure to different tebuthiuron concentrations and temperature increase scenarios. MMT = mean of measured temperatures. *different letters indicate significant differences according to two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. The line represents the median value, the x represents the mean value, and the box represents the lower (25%) and upper (75%) quartiles. Minimum and maximum values are indicated by the whiskers.

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Figure 4
NPR (net photosynthetic rate): mean values (n = 5) for Oedogonium sp. after seven days of exposure to different tebuthiuron concentrations and temperature increase scenarios. MMT = mean of measured temperatures. *different letters indicate significant differences according to two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. The line represents the median value, the x represents the mean value, and the box represents the lower (25%) and upper (75%) quartiles. Minimum and maximum values are indicated by the whiskers.

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Figure 5
DRR (dark respiration rate): mean values (n = 5) for Oedogonium sp. after seven days of exposure to different tebuthiuron concentrations and temperature increase scenarios. MMT = mean of measured temperatures. *different letters indicate significant differences according to two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. The line represents the median value, the x represents the mean value, and the box represents the lower (25%) and upper (75%) quartiles. Minimum and maximum values are indicated by the whiskers.

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Table 1
Effects of tebuthiuron concentrations and temperature related to IPCC scenarios on photosynthetic parameters (YII, Y(NO), Y(NPQ), Net Photosynthetic Rate (NPR), and Dark Respiration Rate (DRR)) of Oedogonium sp. The data are presented as mean (+ standard deviation). Bold p-values indicate statistically significant effects (N = 5; p < 0.05) and different letters after tebuthiuron concentrations and/or IPCC scenarios indicate significant differences on Tukey’s HSD test.

Photosynthetic Parameter	[Tebuthiuron] (mg/L)	IPCC Scenarios			ANOVA	F-values	p-values
YII		MMT - control	RCP 4.5	RCP 8.5
		(21.6º)	(23.9º)	(2.0º)
	0,0 - control^a	0.294 (±0.08)	0.317 (±0.16)	0.205 (±0.15)	[Tebuthiuron]	11.290	<0.001***
	0.05^a	0.179 (±0.11)	0.239 (±0.16)	0.210 (±0.15)	IPCC Scenario	0.747	0.480
	0.6^b	0.067 (±0.07)	0.106 (±0.13)	0.082 (±0.05)	Interaction	0.300	0.934
	1.2^b	0.042 (±0.03)	0.054 (±0.04)	0.039 (±0.03)
YNO		MMT - control	RCP 4.5	RCP 8.5
		(21.6º)	(23.9º)	(2.0º)
	0,0 - control^a	0.354 (±0.15)	0.534 (±0.18)	0.476 (±0.25)	[Tebuthiuron]	10.979	<0.001***
	0.05^a	0.411 (±0.26)	0.413 (±0.08)	0.479 (±0.14)	IPCC Scenario	0.663	0.520
	0.6 ^b	0.633 (±0.13)	0.678 (±0.10)	0.600 (±0.09)	Interaction	0.529	0.783
	1.2 ^b	0.722 (±0.11)	0.717 (±0.13)	0.729 (±0.05)
YNPQ		MMT - control	RCP 4.5	RCP 8.5
		(21.6º)	(23.9º)	(2.0º)
	0,0 - control	0.352 (±0.12)	0.149 (±0.18)	0.319 (±0.25)	[Tebuthiuron]	2.064	0.120
	0.05	0.410 (±0.16)	0.348 (±0.08)	0.310 (±0.14)	IPCC Scenario	2.167	0.127
	0.6	0.300 (±0.11)	0.215 (±0.10)	0.318 (±0.09)	Interaction	0.782	0.589
	1.2	0.236 (±0.13)	0.229 (±0.13)	0.232 (±0.05)
NPR		MMT - control	RCP 4.5	RCP 8.5
		(21.6º) ^a	(23.9º) ^b	(2.0º) ^b
	0,0 - control	5.61 (±2.47)	2.56 (±1.51)	3.24 (±0.62)	[Tebuthiuron]	0.184	0.907
	0.05	5.39 (±1.90)	2.01 (±0.74)	3.44 (±1.16)	IPCC Scenario	23.088	<0.001***
	0.6	5,89 (±2.69)	1.74 (±0.43)	3.30 (±1.29)	Interaction	0.544	0.772
	1.2	4.44 (±1.67)	1.89 (±0.62)	3.85 (±1.31)
DRR		MMT - control	RCP 4.5	RCP 8.5
		(21.6º) ^a	(23.9º) ^a	(2.0º) ^b
	0,0 - control	8.00 (±3.33)	7.10 (±3.21)	1.41 (±0.23)	[Tebuthiuron]	0.752	0.527
	0.05	7.36 (±2.88)	6.51 (±3.15)	1.37 (±0.39)	IPCC Scenario	52.148	<0.001***
	0.6	8.91 (±2.50)	5.61 (±1.23)	1.01 (±0.37)	Interaction	0.583	0.742
	1.2	6.28 (±1.79)	6.34 (±1.96)	0.45 (±1.18)

[1] *
Corresponding author: ciro.branco@unesp.br

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The herbicide tebuthiuron and temperature increase related to climate change can impair the photosynthesis of Oedogonium sp. (Chlorophyta)

ABSTRACT