Biomass, growth and nutritional composition of the seaweed <i>Gracilaria domingensis</i> (Kützing) Sonder ex Dickie (Rhodophyta) under different nitrogen and phosphorus availability

Bezerra, Jadna Nayara de Souza; Borburema, Henrique D. S.; Carneiro, Marcella Araújo do Amaral; Marinho-Soriano, Eliane

doi:10.1590/1677-941X-ABB-2023-0224

Jadna Nayara de Souza Bezerra

Methodology

Formal analysis

Investigation

Writing - Original Draft

Visualization

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Natal, RN, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2046-0664

Henrique D. S. Borburema

Visualization

Writing - Original Draft

Writing - Review & Editing

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Natal, RN, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7300-7583

Marcella Araújo do Amaral Carneiro

Conceptualization

Methodology

Formal analysis

Investigation

Validation

Writing - Original Draft

Supervision

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Natal, RN, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9823-3384

Eliane Marinho-Soriano

Conceptualization

Methodology

Validation

Resources

Writing - Review & Editing

Supervision

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Department of Oceanography and Limnology, Natal, RN, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6736-3795

*Corresponding author: marcellamaralcarneiro@gmail.com

Conflict of interest

The authors declare they have no conflict of interests.

Editor-in-Chief:

Thaís Elias Almeida.

Editor:

Cleber Cunha Figueredo

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Figure 1.
Biomass of Gracilaria domingensis cultured for five weeks under weekly pulses of nitrogen and phosphorus in T1, T2 and T3. Columns are means and bars are standard errors based on three replicates (n = 3) from the control and treatments (T1, T2 and T3) during the cultivation. Branches were subjected to pulses of nitrogen and phosphorus at ratios of 10:1 (N:P), 20:2 and 50:5, in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Branches were cultured without nutrient pulses in the control. Different letters with the same formation indicate significant differences among cultivation conditions in the same week by repeated measures of ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc tests.

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Figure 2.
Relative growth rate (RGR) of Gracilaria domingensis cultured for five weeks under weekly pulses of nitrogen and phosphorus in T1, T2 and T3. Symbols are means and bars are standard errors based on three replicates (n = 3) from the control and treatments (T1, T2 and T3) during the cultivation. Branches were subjected to pulses of nitrogen and phosphorus at ratios of 10:1 (N:P), 20:2 and 50:5, in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Branches were cultured without nutrient pulses in the control.

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Table 1.
Biomass and relative growth rates (RGRs) of Gracilaria domingensis cultured for five weeks under weekly pulses of nitrogen and phosphorus in T1, T2 and T3. Values are minimum (Min), maximum (Max) and mean ± standard error (SE) based on three replicates (n = 3) from the control and treatments (T1, T2 and T3) during the cultivation. Branches were subjected to pulses of nitrogen and phosphorus at ratios of 10:1 (N:P), 20:2 and 50:5, in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Branches were cultured without nutrient pulses in the control.

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Table 2.
Nutritional composition of Gracilaria domingensis collected in field (initial value) and after cultivation (final value) for five weeks under weekly pulses of nitrogen and phosphorus in T1, T2 and T3. Values are means ± standard errors based on three replicates (n = 3). Branches were cultured under weekly pulses of nitrogen and phosphorus at ratios of 10:1 (N:P), 20:2 and 50:5, in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Branches were cultured under weekly pulses of nitrogen and phosphorus at ratios of 10:1 (N:P), 20:2 and 50:5, in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Branches were cultured without nutrient pulses in the control.

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(1)

	Min - Max	Mean ± SE	ANOVA
			Source of variation	df	F	p*
Biomass (g)			Error: T	5
Control	27.19 - 31.10	28.78 ± 0.90	Error: Within
T1	27.20 - 35.65	30.36 ± 1.58	C	3	9.96	< 0.001
T2	26.50 - 32.52	28.30 ± 1.07	C × T	15	8.22	0.003
T3	26.53 - 31.40	28.03 ± 0.98	Residuals	48
RGRs (% day^-1)			Error: T	4
Control	0.21 - 1.48	0.82 ± 0.19	Error: Within
T1	1.01 - 1.26	1.16 ± 0.04	C	3	3.04	0.03
T2	0.93 - 1.39	1.15 ± 0.07	C × T	12	2.78	0.007
T3	0.00 - 1.19	0.82 ± 0.20	Residuals	40

Biochemical compound (g 100 g^-1 of dry weight)	Condition	Initial value	Final value	t value	p
Carbohydrates	Control	29.31 ± 0.25	44.86 ± 0.41^a	-36.4	< 0.001*
	T1		35.88 ± 0.89^b	-7.51	0.0173*
	T2		41.18 ± 0.77^c	-11.9	0.0070*
	T3		40.46 ± 0.25^c	-24.8	0.0016*
Fibers	Control	36.68 ± 0.37	41.68 ± 0.68^a	-5.56	0.0115*
	T1		39.02 ± 0.64^a	-2.99	0.0580
	T2		41.60 ± 0.79^a	-6.52	0.0073*
	T3		41.57 ± 0.94^a	-4.24	0.0240*
Proteins	Control	9.90 ± 0.03	9.99 ± 0.33^a	-0.25	0.8238
	T1		10.58 ± 0.41^a	-1.78	0.2174
	T2		10.73 ± 0.46^a	-1.83	0.2073
	T3		10.97 ± 0.20^a	-6.22	0.0249*
Lipids	Control	1.57 ± 0.06	0.66 ± 0.06^a	9.47	0.0110*
	T1		0.59 ± 0.10^a	7.13	0.0110*
	T2		1.78 ± 0.18^b	-1.30	0.324
	T3		1.19 ± 0.06^c	6.60	0.0222*
Ashes	Control	41.39 ± 0.28	26.66 ± 0.36^a	25.8	0.0015*
	T1		35.12 ± 0.55^b	15.3	0.0042*
	T2		28.48 ± 0.34^c	21.8	0.0020*
	T3		29.56 ± 0.13^c	47.7	< 0.001*

[1] *Corresponding author: marcellamaralcarneiro@gmail.com

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Biomass, growth and nutritional composition of the seaweed Gracilaria domingensis (Kützing) Sonder ex Dickie (Rhodophyta) under different nitrogen and phosphorus availability

Abstract