Antihypertensive Activity of Sauromatum guttatum Mediated by Vasorelaxation and Myocardial Depressant Effects

Abstract

Background:

Sauromatum guttatum (S. guttatum) is used in the treatment of blood disorders and reportedly has a spasmolytic activity through Ca²⁺channel inhibition.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to investigate the antihypertensive potential of S. guttatum in high salt-induced hypertensive Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model (HSHRs).

Methods:

SD rats were divided into normotensive, hypertensive, S. guttatum and verapamil treated groups. S. guttatum crude extract (Sg.Cr) (100, 150 and 300 mg/kg/day) and verapamil (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg/day) were administered orally along with NaCl. Aortic rings and right atrial strips from normotensive rats were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms. The level of statistical significance was set at 5%.

Results:

Mean arterial pressure decreased in the Sg.Cr and verapamil-treated hypertensive groups in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.001). In the vascular reactivity study, acetylcholine induced relaxations with an EC₅₀value of 0.6 µ g/mL (0.3–1.0) in Sg.Cr-treated hypertensive rats (300 mg/kg), suggesting endothelial preservation. In isolated normotensive rat aorta, Sg.Cr-treated rats showed vasorelaxation with an EC₅₀value of 0.15 mg/mL (0.10-0.20), ablated by endothelial denudation or pretreatment with_L-NAME and atropine. Sg.Cr treatment caused relaxation against high K⁺-induced contractions, like verapamil. Sg.Cr showed negative inotropic (82%) and chronotropic effects (56%) in isolated rat atrial preparations reduced with atropine. The phytochemical investigation indicated presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins.

Conclusion:

S. guttatum has a vasodilatory effect through endothelial function preservation, muscarinic receptor-mediated NO release and Ca²⁺movement inhibition, while atrial myocardial depressant effect can be linked to the muscarinic receptor. These findings provide pharmacological base for using S. guttatum extract as an antihypertensive medication.

Keywords:
Rats; Antihypertensive; Sauromatum guttatum; Blood Pressure; Hypertension; Vasodilatation; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cardiac Performance