Obesity, Serum Resistin and Leptin Levels Linked to Coronary Artery Disease

In a cross-sectional study, we assessed the levels of serum resistin and leptin, C-reactive protein (CRP), lipid profile and cardiac enzyme tests (AST, CPK, LDH, CK-MB) in 40 CAD patients compared to 40 healthy controls. Anthropometric measurements including weight and height for calculating of body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) were performed for evaluation of obesity.

Results:

CAD patients had increased levels of leptin and CRP, (p < 0.001), cholesterol (p < 0.05), triglyceride (p < 0.01), and WC (p < 0.05) compared to healthy controls. There was no statistical difference between CAD and control subjects for resistin (p = 0.058). In a multiple regression analysis, only an association between serum leptin with BMI (β = 0.480, p < 0.05) and WC (β = 1.386, p < 0.05) was found.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that leptin is a better marker of fat mass value than resistin and may be considered an independent risk factor for cardiac disorders that is largely dependent on obesity. However, further prospective studies are needed to confirm these results.

Keywords:
Coronary Artery Disease; Obesity; Resistin; Leptin; Atherosclerosis

	CAD Patients (n = 40)	Controls (n = 40)	p
Age (yr)	55.6 ± 13.4	53 ± 12	NS
Sex (M/F)	20/20	23/17
BMI (Kg/m²)	25 ± 4.8	25.7 ± 4.9	NS
WC(Cm)
Male	96.8 ± 13.5	86.1 ± 12.5	0.05
Female	91.7 ± 12.7	88.9 ±15.4	0.05
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	193.5 ± 49.6	169 ± 42.6	0.05
LDL-C (mg/dL)	89 ± 29.7	82.3 ± 23.7	NS
HDL-C (mg/dL)	42 ± 13.4	43.2 ± 12	NS
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	181 ± 94	119 ± 79.4	0.01
^* * Leptin, Cardiac enzyme tests (ALT, CPK, LDH, CK-MB) and CRP levels in patients are presented as mean ± SEM, because the data were not normally distributed. BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; LDL: low density lipoprotein; HDL: high density lipoprotein; ALT: aspartate transaminase; CPK: creatine phosphokinas; LDH: lactate dehydrogenize; CK-MB: creatine kinase -MB; CRP: C-reactive protein; NS: not significant. AST (U/L)	97.6 ± 21.3	26 ± 7.4	0.001
^* * Leptin, Cardiac enzyme tests (ALT, CPK, LDH, CK-MB) and CRP levels in patients are presented as mean ± SEM, because the data were not normally distributed. BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; LDL: low density lipoprotein; HDL: high density lipoprotein; ALT: aspartate transaminase; CPK: creatine phosphokinas; LDH: lactate dehydrogenize; CK-MB: creatine kinase -MB; CRP: C-reactive protein; NS: not significant. LDH (U/L)	711 ± 101.2	191 ± 40	0.0001
^* * Leptin, Cardiac enzyme tests (ALT, CPK, LDH, CK-MB) and CRP levels in patients are presented as mean ± SEM, because the data were not normally distributed. BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; LDL: low density lipoprotein; HDL: high density lipoprotein; ALT: aspartate transaminase; CPK: creatine phosphokinas; LDH: lactate dehydrogenize; CK-MB: creatine kinase -MB; CRP: C-reactive protein; NS: not significant. CPK (U/L)	637.4 ± 195.6	97.2 ± 49	0.0001
^* * Leptin, Cardiac enzyme tests (ALT, CPK, LDH, CK-MB) and CRP levels in patients are presented as mean ± SEM, because the data were not normally distributed. BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; LDL: low density lipoprotein; HDL: high density lipoprotein; ALT: aspartate transaminase; CPK: creatine phosphokinas; LDH: lactate dehydrogenize; CK-MB: creatine kinase -MB; CRP: C-reactive protein; NS: not significant. CK-MB (U/L)	81.5 ± 28	17 ± 4.1	0.001
^* * Leptin, Cardiac enzyme tests (ALT, CPK, LDH, CK-MB) and CRP levels in patients are presented as mean ± SEM, because the data were not normally distributed. BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; LDL: low density lipoprotein; HDL: high density lipoprotein; ALT: aspartate transaminase; CPK: creatine phosphokinas; LDH: lactate dehydrogenize; CK-MB: creatine kinase -MB; CRP: C-reactive protein; NS: not significant. CRP (mg/L)	13.4 ± 3.5	1.3± 0.09	0.001
Resistin (ng/mL)	2.6 ± 1	2.1 ± 0.8	0.058
^* * Leptin, Cardiac enzyme tests (ALT, CPK, LDH, CK-MB) and CRP levels in patients are presented as mean ± SEM, because the data were not normally distributed. BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; LDL: low density lipoprotein; HDL: high density lipoprotein; ALT: aspartate transaminase; CPK: creatine phosphokinas; LDH: lactate dehydrogenize; CK-MB: creatine kinase -MB; CRP: C-reactive protein; NS: not significant. Leptin (ng/mL)	41.7 ± 6.5	24.1 ± 2.9	0.001
	(1.2 - 196)	(1.5 - 86)

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[1] Mailing Address: Farzaneh Montazerifar and Mansour Karajibani, Department of Nutrition - School of Medicine - Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan - Iran. E-mail: fmontazerifar@gmail.com