Sai et al., 20161919 Sai E, Shimada K, Miyauchi K, Masaki Y, Kojima T, Miyazaki T, et al. Increased cystatin C levels as a risk factor of cardiovascular events in patients with preserved estimated glomerular filtration rate after elective percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents. Heart Vessels. 2016;31(5):694-701.
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Proportion of patients with cystatin C levels> 0.637 mg/L who developed fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular events was higher than in patients with cystatin C < 0.637 mg/L [22 (15.9%) x 7 (5, 0%), p = 0.0025].Risk of fatal or non - fatal cardiovascular events in patients with cystatin C levels > 0.637 mg/L was greater than in patients with cystatin levels < 0.637 mg/L [(univariate) HR = 1.37 (1.10 - 1.66), p = 0.004; HR (multivariate) = 1.30 (1.01 - 1.63), p = 0.0038]. |
Bansal et al., 20161515 Bansal N, Lin F, Vittinghoff E, Peralta C, Lima J, Kramer H, et al. Estimated GFR and subsequent higher left ventricular mass in young and middle-aged adults with normal kidney function: the coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2016;67(2):227-34.
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Risk of left ventricle hypertrophy was higher in patients with GFR between 60 and 75 ml/min/1.73 m2 than in those with GFR > 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 [(univariate) HR = 10.12 (5.22 - 15.02), p < 0.001; HR (multivariate analysis) = 5.63 (0.90 - 10.36), p = 0.02]Risk of left ventricular hypertrophy was higher in patients with GFR between 76 and 90 mL/min/1.73m2 than in those with GFR> 90 mL/min/1.73 m2 [HR (univariate analysis) = 3.48 (1, 29 - 5.68), p = 0.002]. |
Abid et al., 201677 Abid L, Charfeddine S, Kammoun S, Turki M, Ayedi F. Cystatin C: a prognostic marker after myocardial infarction in patients without chronic kidney disease. J Saudi Heart Assoc. 2016;28(3):144-51.
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Patients who developed non-fatal cardiovascular events showed higher levels of cystatin C compared to patients who did not develop these events (1.19 ± 0.4 mg/L x 1.01 ± 0.35 mg/L, p = 0.01)Patients who developed fatal cardiovascular events showed higher levels of cystatin C compared to patients who did not develop these events (1.21 ± 0.36 mg/L x 0.96 ± 0.27 mg/L, p = 0.03)Survival of patients with cystatin C levels < 1.2 mg/L was higher than in patients with cystatin levels > 1.2 mg/L (p < 0.01). |
Woitas et al., 20131818 Woitas RP, Kleber ME, Meinitzer A, Grammer TB, Silbernagel G, Pilz Stefan, et al. Cystatin C is independently associated with total and cardiovascular mortality in individuals undergoing coronary angiography. The Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study. Atherosclerosis. 2013;229(2):541-8.
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Patients with CAD showed higher levels of cystatin C than the control group (1.02 ± 0.44 mg/L x 0.92 ± 0.26 mg/L, p = 0.065Risk of cardiovascular death and death from any cause of fourth quartile patients was higher than that of first quartile patients [HR (univariate) = 4.82 (3.69 - 6.29), p < 0.001; HR (multivariate) = 2.05 (1.48 - 2.84), p < 0.001].Risk of cardiovascular death and death from any cause of third quartile patients was higher than that of first quartile patients [HR (univariate) = 2.11 (1.58 - 2.81), p < 0.001; HR (multivariate) = 1.20 (0.88 - 1.65), p < 0.243]. |
Dupont et al., 201288 Dupont M, Wu Y, Hazen SL, Tang WH. Cystatin C identifies patients with stable chronic heart failure at increased risk for adverse cardiovascular events. Circ. Heart failure. 2012;5(5):602-9.
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Risk of death from any cause and non-fatal cardiovascular event of patients in the fourth quartile was higher than in patients in the first quartile (p = 0.002). |
Gao et al., 20112121 Gao C, Zhong L, Gao Y, Li X, Zhang M, Wei S. Cystatin C levels are associated with the prognosis of systolic heart failure patients. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2011;104(11):565-71.
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Patients who developed fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular events showed higher levels of cystatin C compared to patients who did not develop these events (1.63 ± 0.81 mg/L x 0.91 ± 0.27 mg/L, p = 0.001)Risk of fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular events in patients with cystatin C levels> 0,9 mg/L was higher than in patients with cystatin levels < 0.9 mg/L [(univariate) HR = 3.58 (2.61 - 4.82), p = 0.033; HR (multivariate) = 7.10 (3.36 - 23.75), p = 0,006]. |
Keller et al., 20091717 Keller T, Martina CM, Lubos E, Nicaud V, Wild SP, Rupprecht HJ, et al. Cystatin C and cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary artery disease and normal or mildly reduced kidney function: results from the AtheroGene study. Eur Heart J. 2009;30(3):314-20.
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Patients with cardiovascular death had higher levels of cystatin C than patients without cardiovascular death [0.94 (0.79 - 1.08 x 0.79 (0.70 - 0.90), p < 0.001].Risk of cardiovascular death of patients in the fourth quartile was higher than in patients in the other quartiles [OD (univariate) = 3.87 (2.33-6.42), p < 0.001; OD (multivariate) = 1.86 (0.90-3.81), p = 0.09]. |
Gao et al., 20092222 Ge C, Ren F, Lu S, Ji F, Chen X, Wu X. Clinical prognostic significance of plasma cystatin C levels among patients with acute coronary syndrome. Clin Cardiol. 2009;32(11):644-8.
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Patients with AMI and unstable angina had higher levels of cystatin C than the control group (2873.55 ± 1148.48 ng/mL x 1509.99 ± 408.65 ng/mL, p < 0.01 and 2013.83 ± 633.85 ng/mL x 1509.99 ± 408.65 ng/mL, p < 0.05, respectively).Patients with AMI and unstable angina had higher levels of cystatin C than the patients with stable angina (2873.55 ± 1148.48 ng/mL x 1348.41 ± 369.62 ng/mL, p < 0.01 and 2013.83 ± 633.85 ng/mL x 1348.41 ± 369.62 ng/mL, p < 0.01, respectively).Patients with AMI had higher levels of cystatin C than the patients with stable angina (2873.55 ± 1148.48 ng/mL x 2013.83 ± 633.85 ng/mL, p < 0.05).Patients who developed fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular events showed higher levels of cystatin C compared to patients who did not develop these events (2356,73 ± 897,64 ng/L x 1469.51 ± 574.83 ng/L, p = 0.006) |
Alehagen et al., 20092020 Alehagen U, Dahlström U, Lindahl TL. Cystatin C and NT-proBNP, a powerful combination of biomarkers for predicting cardiovascular mortality in elderly patients with heart failure: results from a 10-year study in primary care. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11(4):354-60.
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Risk of cardiovascular death of fourth quartile patients was higher than that of first quartile patients [HR (univariate analysis) = 3.61 (1.81 - 7.14)]. |
Acuna et al., 20091616 García Acuña JM, González-Babarro E, Grigorian Shamagian L, Peña-Gil C, Vidal Pérez R, López-Lago AM, et al. Cystatin C provides more information than other renal function parameters for stratifying risk in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2009;62(5):510-9.
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The proportion of patients with cystatin C levels > 0.95 mg/L who had cardiovascular death was higher than that of patients with cystatin C levels ≤ 0.95 mg/L [16 (27.1%) x 6 (7.8%), p = 0.01].The proportion of patients with cystatin C levels> 0.95 mg/L who develop HF was higher than that of patients with cystatin C levels ≤ 0.95 mg/L [22 (40.7%) x 6 (7.5%), p = 0.01]. |
Koenig et al., 20072424 Koening W. Is elevated cystatin C a predictor of cardiovascular risk in elderly people without chronic kidney disease? Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2007;4(2):76-7.
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Each increase of 0.18 mg/L cystatin C was associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular death [OD = 1.42 (1.30 -1.54)], death from any cause [OD = 1.33 1.25-1.40)], HF [OD = 1.28 (1.17-1.40)], stroke [OD = 1.22 (1.08-1.38)] and AMI [OD = 1.20 (1.06-1.36)].Patients with high levels of cystatin C had more adverse events than those with reduced levels of cystatin C (p < 0.001). |
Ix et al., 20072323 Ix JH, Shlipak MG, Chertow GM, Whooley MA. Association of Cystatin C with mortality, cardiovascular events, and incident heart failure among persons with coronary heart disease data from the Heart and Soul Study. Circulation. 2007;115(2):173-9.
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Risk of death from any cause of fourth quartile patients was higher than that of first quartile patients [HR (univariate) = 5,7 (3,1 - 10,5), p < 0.001; HR (multivariate) = 3,6 (1,8 - 7,0), p < 0.001].Risk of cardiovascular events of fourth quartile patients was higher than that of first quartile patients [HR (univariate) = 3.8 (2.1 - 6.9), p < 0.001; HR (multivariate) = 2.0 (1.0 - 3.8), p < 0.04].Risk of CHF in patients in the fourth quartile was higher than in patients in the first quartile [HR (univariate) = 6.1 (2.5 - 14.5), p = 0.001; HR (multivariate) = 2.6 (1.0 - 6.9), p = 0.05]. |