Arican, Bilgic and Koc, 2004
|
Case-control |
Comparison of serum thyroid hormone levels |
103 patients × 96 controls |
Turkey |
T3T, T3L, T4T, T4L, TSH |
Elevated FT4 and FT3 in patients with psoriasis (p<0.05), elevated PASI in these patients (p< 0.001) |
Antonelli et al. 2006 |
Case-control |
Prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients with PA vs. controls |
Patients: 80 PA/ 112 rheumatoid arthritis / 400 controls |
Italy |
T3L, T4L, TSH, anti-TPO, anti-TG, thyroid ultrasonography |
Autoimmune thyroid dysfunction (patients × controls): 33% × 18% in females and 25% × 5% in males (p = 0.0001) |
Gul et al. 2009 |
Case-control |
Association of autoimmune thyroid diseases with psoriasis |
105 patients × 96 controls |
Turkey |
T3L, T4L, TSH, anti-TPO, anti-TG, thyroid ultrasonography |
No difference between the groups |
James, Hill and Feldman 2016 |
Cross-sectional |
Prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with rosacea or psoriasis compared to other dermatological diseases |
Human Database -1,667,943 patients |
USA |
CID-10 |
Prevalence of hypothyroidism of 17.5% in patients with psoriasis. Frequency of hypothyroidism did not differ from other dermatological patients |
Lai and Yew 2016 |
Cross-sectional |
Association of psoriasis and thyroid disease |
|
India |
Thyroid hormones and autoantibodies |
Low levels of TSH in patients with psoriasis (p< 0.019) |
Fallahi et al. 2017 |
Case-control |
Incidence of clinical or subclinical thyroid dysfunction in patients with PA |
97 patients × 97 controls |
Italy |
T4L, T3L, TSH, anti-TPO, anti-TG, thyroid ultrasonography |
High incidence of anti-TPO positivity (p = 0.017), hypothyroidism (p = 0.017), thyroid dysfunction (p = 0.002), hypoechogenicity (p = 0.009) and thyroid autoimmunity (p = 0.007) |
Khan et al. 2017 |
Cross-sectional analysis of a cohort |
Association of positive anti-TPO, TSH and FT4 with psoriatic disease |
Population – part of the Rotterdam Study – 8,214 participants |
The Netherlands |
T4L, TSH, anti-TPO |
No association considering incident or prevalent psoriatic disease |
Kiguradze et al. 2017 |
Cross-sectional |
Association between psoriasis and HT |
Population -Northwestern Medicine Enterprise Data Warehouse -856,615 participants – 9,654 diagnoses of psoriasis – 1,745 diagnoses of HT |
USA |
T3L, TSH, anti-TPO, anti-TG |
Positive association (OR = 2.49 [95% CI 1.79–3.48] p < 0.0001) |
Vassilatou et al. 2017
|
Case-control |
Prevalence of autoimmune thyroiditis in patients with psoriasis |
114 patients with psoriasis × 286 controls |
Greece |
T3T, T4T, T4L, TSH, anti-TPO, anti-TG |
No difference in prevalence |
Valejo, Coelho and Brasileiro 2018 |
Cross-sectional |
Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction |
55 patients with psoriasis |
Portugal |
T3L, T4L, TSH, anti-TPO, anti-TG |
Prevalence of 9.1% |
Alidrisi et al. 2019
|
Case-control |
Prevalence of HT in patients with psoriasis compared to controls |
56 patients × 54 controls |
Iraq |
T4L, TSH, anti-TPO, anti-TG, thyroid ultrasonography |
Higher prevalence of anti-TPO (25% × 9.3% p = 0.02), anti-TG (30.4% × 11.1%; p = 0.01), hypoechogenicity (30.4% × 9.3%; p = 0.02), pseudonodularity (16.1% × 0%; p = 0.002) and elevated vascularity on ultrasonography in patients with psoriasis (35.7% × 5.6%; p = 0.001) |
Hansen et al. 2019
|
Case-control |
To assess thyroid function |
Population – Danish General Population Study – 1,127 patients × 5,637 controls |
Denmark |
T3T, T4L, TSH, anti-TPO |
Elevated T3T levels in patients with psoriasis (1,72 × 1.69; p = 0.01) |
Mallick 2019 |
Cross-sectional |
Frequency of thyroid disorders in patients with psoriasis |
112 patients |
Pakistan |
T3L, T4T, TSH |
15.2% |
Wang et al. 2019 |
Cohort |
Risk of thyroid disease in patients with psoriasis |
Population – Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database – 13,266 patients with PA/ 149,576 with isolated psoriasis/ 162,842 controls |
Taiwan |
CID-10 |
High incidence of hyperthyroidism in patients with psoriasis (aHR = 1.22; 95% IC 1.11–1.33), Graves disease (aHR=1.26; 95% IC 1.13–1.41), incidence of hypothyroidism (aHR = 1.38; 95% IC 1.23–1.56) and HT (aHR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.18–1.82) |
Namiki et al. 2020 |
Cross-sectional |
Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction |
85 patients: 51 with psoriasis vulgaris/ 23 PA/ 11 GPP |
Japan |
T3L, T4L, TSH |
Prevalence of 8%, 13% and 45%, respectively |
Wu et al. 2021 |
Cross-sectional |
Association of psoriasis with increased risk of thyroid disease |
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey – 15,091 patients |
USA |
Self-reported disease |
Positive association (OR = 1.61 [95% CI 1.01–2.55] p = 0.043) |
Valduga et al. 2021 |
Cross-sectional |
Prevalence of HT |
60 patients × 60 controls |
Brazil |
TSH, T4L, anti-TPO, anti-TG |
Prevalence of HT (OR = 3.8 [95% CI 1.18–12.6] p = 0.03) |