Assessment of patch test results carried out during ten years in a city in southern Brazil

Corrêa-Fissmer, Mariane; Dalazen, Cintia Camila; Ferreira, Bárbara Piacentini; Iser, Betine Pinto Moehlecke

doi:10.1590/abd1806-4841.20185023

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Investigation • An. Bras. Dermatol. 93 (6) • Nov/Dec 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20185023 copy

Assessment of patch test results carried out during ten years in a city in southern Brazil^* * Work conducted at the Service of Dermatology, Private Practice, (Pró-Vida), Tubarão (SC), Brazil.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

Background:

Contact dermatitis affects up to 20% of the population. Patch testing for contact allergy may be needed to confirm the diagnosis.

Objectives:

To describe and discuss the results of patch tests performed in a city in southern Brazil.

Methods:

A cross-sectional analysis was performed on all skin test results over ten years. Variables such as gender, age at the time of testing, and test results were evaluated. Triggering factors, duration of complain, and previous medications used related to the clinical history were retrieved for some patients by reviewing their medical records.

Results:

The sample was composed of 539 patch tests, of which 411 (76.2%) were from women. The age of the tested subjects ranged from 5 to 87 years. The prevalence of positive reactions in the patch tests was 391 (72.5%). The most prevalent positive reaction was to nickel sulfate (196; 36.4%), which had statistical significance when associated with female gender (p<0,001).

Study limitations:

Database obtained through secondary sources (the reports of the exams and the medical records), occurring the incomplete registration of some information.

Conclusions:

Data analysis at the local level is important to define preventive policies.

Keywords:
Dermatitis, allergic contact; Dermatitis, Contact; Patch tests; Skin tests

Resultado do teste	Frequency	Sex			Age
		Male	Female	p^* * p value from Pearson's chi-square test, significance level 5%	≤ 38	> 38	p^* * p value from Pearson's chi-square test, significance level 5%
	N(%)	N(%)	N(%)		N(%)	N(%)
Positive	391	80	311	0.003	208	183	0.063
Positive	(72.5)	(62.5)	(75.9)	0.003	(76.2)	(69.1)	0.063
Negative	148	48	100		65	83
Negative	(27.5)	(37.5)	(24.1)		(23.8)	(30.9)

Substances tested	Positive result	Sex			Age
	n (%)	Male n (%)	Female n (%)	p	≤38 n (%)	>38 n (%)	p
Anthraquinone	7 (1.3)	3 (2.3)	4 (1.0)	0.217^* * Fisher's exact test, significance level of 5%	5 (1.8)	2 (0.8)	0.236^* * Fisher's exact test, significance level of 5%
Balsam of Peru	10 (1.9)	3 (2.3)	7 (1.7)	0.437^* * Fisher's exact test, significance level of 5%	3 (1.1)	7 (2.6)	0.159^* * Fisher's exact test, significance level of 5%
PPD (mix)	35 (6.5)	5 (3.9)	30 (7.3)	0.173^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	22 (8.1)	13 (4.9)	0.135^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
Hydroquinone	15 (2.8)	4 (3.1)	11 (2.7)	0.787^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	11 (4.0)	4 (1.5)	0.074^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
Potassium Dichromate	43 (8.0)	18 (14.1)	25 (6.1)	0.004^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	24 (8.8)	19 (7.1)	0.480^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
Propylene glycol	11 (2.0)	3 (2.3)	8 (1.9)	0.506^* * Fisher's exact test, significance level of 5%	7 (2.6)	4 (1.5)	0.384^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
Para tertiary butylphenol	11 (2.0)	3 (2.3)	8 (1.9)	0.781^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	7 (2.6)	4 (1.5)	0.384^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
Neomycin	37 (6.9)	8 (6.3)	29 (7.1)	0.752^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	19 (7.0)	18 (6.8)	0.929^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
Triclosan	9 (1.7)	1 (0.8)	8 (1.9)	0.368^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	6 (2.2)	3 (1.1)	0.265^* * Fisher's exact test, significance level of 5%
Kathon CG	42 (7.8)	8 (6.3)	34 (8.3)	0.456^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	17 (6.2)	25 (9.4)	0.169^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
Cobalt Chloride	95 (17.6)	28 (21.9)	67 (16.3)	0.148^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	54 (19.8)	41 (15.4)	0.183^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
Lanolin	3 (0.6)	1 (0.8)	2 (0.5)	0.695^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	2 (0.7)	1 (0.4)	0.577^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
Thiuram (mix)	10 (1.9)	5 (3.4)	5 (1.2)	0.062^* * Fisher's exact test, significance level of 5%	2 (0.7)	8 (3.0)	0.049^* * Fisher's exact test, significance level of 5%
Ethylenediamine	18 (3.3)	3 (2.3)	15 (3.6)	0.346^* * Fisher's exact test, significance level of 5%	12 (4.4)	6 (2.3)	0.166^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
Fragrance (mix)	28 (5.2)	2 (1.6)	26 (6.3)	0.034^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	16 (5.9)	12 (4.5)	0.48^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
Mercapto (mix)	4 (0.7)	1 (0.8)	3 (0.7)	0.952^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	1 (0.4)	3 (1.1)	0.303^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
Benzocaine	5 (0.9)	3 (2.3)	2 (0.5)	0.089^* * Fisher's exact test, significance level of 5%	3 (1.1)	2 (0.8)	0.512^* * Fisher's exact test, significance level of 5%
Quaternium 15	6 (1.1)	3 (2.3)	3 (0.7)	0.149^* * Fisher's exact test, significance level of 5%	0 (0.0)	6 (2.3)	0.014^* * Fisher's exact test, significance level of 5%
Quinoline (mix)	7 (1.3)	2 (1.6)	5 (1.2)	0.524^* * Fisher's exact test, significance level of 5%	5 (1.8)	2 (0.8)	0.236^* * Fisher's exact test, significance level of 5%
Nitrofurazone	12 (2.2)	4 (3.1)	8 (1.9)	0.311^* * Fisher's exact test, significance level of 5%	3 (1.1)	9 (3.4)	0.072^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
Paraben (mix)	23 (4.3)	8 (6.3)	15 (3.6)	0.203^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	17 (6.2)	6 (2.3)	0.022^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
Epoxy resin	14 (2.6)	4 (3.1)	10 (2.4)	0.434^* * Fisher's exact test, significance level of 5%	8 (2.9)	6 (2.3)	0.622^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
Thimerosal	81 (15)	14 (10.9)	67 (16.3)	0.138^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	57 (20.9)	24 (9.0)	0.0001^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
Turpentine	22 (4.1)	8 (6.3)	14 (3.4)	0.155^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	12 (4.4)	10 (3.8)	0.708^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
Carba (mix)	39 (7.2)	12 (9.4)	27 (6.6)	0.284^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	26 (0.5)	13 (4.9)	0.037^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
Promethazine	32 (5.9)	6 (4.7)	26 (6.3)	0.493^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	20 (7.3)	12 (4.5)	0.166^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
Nickel Sulfate	196 (36.4)	23 (18.0)	173 (42.1)	<0.001^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	107 (39.2)	89 (33.5)	0.166^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
Colophony	24 (4.5)	7 (5.5)	17 (4.1)	0.523^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	13 (4.8)	11 (4.1)	0.724^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
Paraphenylenediamine	44 (8.2)	9 (7.0)	35 (8.5)	0.592^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	15 (5.5)	29 (10.9)	0.021^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
Formaldehyde	38 (7.1)	4 (3.1)	34 (8.3)	0.046^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	18 (6.6)	20 (7.5)	0.674^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%

Tested substances	Triggering factor			Duration of complaint			Use of medication
	Yes	No	p	≤120 days	>120 days	p	Yes	No	p
	n (%)	n (%)		n (%)	n (%)		n (%)	n (%)
Nickel Sulfate (n=196)	51	145	0.044^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	20	28	0.055^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	31	165	0.742^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
	(44.3)	(34.2)		(27.0)	(42.4)		(34.8)	(36.7)
Thimerosal (n=81)	24	57	0.048^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	8	13	0.141^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	16	65	0.394^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
	(20.9)	(13.4)		(10.8)	(19.7)		(18.0)	(14.4)
Paraphenylenediamine (n=44)	9	35	0.881^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	4	6	0.302^* * Fisher's exact test, significance level of 5%	6	38	0.394^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
	(7.8)	(8.3)		(5.4)	(9.1)		(6.7)	(8.4)
Kathon (n=42)	11	31	0.423^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	5	9	0.175^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	7	35	0.977^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
	(9.6)	(7.3)		(6.87)	(13.6)		(7.9)	(7.8)
Potassium Dichromate (n=43)	9	34	0.946^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	4	4	0.575^* * Fisher's exact test, significance level of 5%	8	35	0.700^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
	(7.8)	(8.0)		(5.4)	(6.1)		(9.0)	(7.8)
Cobalt Chloride (n=95)	27	68	0.063^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	10	18	0.042^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%	16	79	0.923^# # Chi-square test, significance level of 5%
	(23.5)	(16.0)		(13.5)	(27.3)		(18.0)	(17.6)

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E-mail: revista@sbd.org.br

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[1] Mailing Address: Mariane Corrêa Fissmer . E-mail: marianecfissmer@gmail.com

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Assessment of patch test results carried out during ten years in a city in southern Brazil* * Work conducted at the Service of Dermatology, Private Practice, (Pró-Vida), Tubarão (SC), Brazil.

Abstract:

Background:

Objectives:

Methods:

Results:

Study limitations:

Conclusions:

Assessment of patch test results carried out during ten years in a city in southern Brazil^* * Work conducted at the Service of Dermatology, Private Practice, (Pró-Vida), Tubarão (SC), Brazil.