The recent report on thyroid function and autoimmunity in HIV-infected is very interesting (11 . Carvalho LG , Teixeira Pde F , Panico AL , Cohen MV , Pinheiro MF , Barroso PF , et al . Evaluation of thyroid function and autoimmunity in HIV-infected women . Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol . 2013 ; 57 ( 6 ): 450 - 6 .). Carvalho and cols. noted “an association between HAART and the development of AITD (11 . Carvalho LG , Teixeira Pde F , Panico AL , Cohen MV , Pinheiro MF , Barroso PF , et al . Evaluation of thyroid function and autoimmunity in HIV-infected women . Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol . 2013 ; 57 ( 6 ): 450 - 6 .)”. In fact, effect of HAART on thyroid function has been proposed for many years. Madeddu and cols. noted “high prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism” in the patients receiving HAART (22 . Madeddu G , Spanu A , Chessa F , Calia GM , Lovigu C , Solinas P , et al . Thyroid function in human immunodeficiency virus patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART): a longitudinal study . Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) . 2006 ; 64 ( 4 ): 375 - 83 .). In relation to autoimmunity, there are many autoantibodies that may be seen in HIV-infected patients including “anti-cardiolipin, anti-beta2 GPI, anti-DNA, anti-small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNP), anti-thyroglobulin, anti-thyroid peroxidase, anti-myosin, and anti-erythropoietin antibodies (33 . Zandman-Goddard G , Shoenfeld Y . HIV and autoimmunity . Autoimmun Rev . 2002 ; 1 ( 6 ): 329 - 37 .)”. However, the role of autoantibodies in the development of hypothyroidism in patients receiving antiretroviral drugs has not been assessed (44 . Beltran S , Lescure FX , El Esper I , Schmit JL , Desailloud R . Subclinical hypothyroidism in HIV-infected patients is not an autoimmune disease . Horm Res . 2006 ; 66 ( 1 ): 21 - 6 .). The finding of autoantibodies and use of HARRT might be only an accidental concomitant occurrence. In fact, it is proven that Graves’ disease, which is a well-known AITD, has an interrelationship with HIV infection in naïve cases (55 . Sheikh V , Dersimonian R , Richterman AG , Porter BO , Natarajan V , Burbelo PD , et al . Graves’ disease as immune reconstitution disease in HIV-positive patients is associated with naive and primary thymic emigrant CD4 T-cell recovery . AIDS . 2014 ; 28 ( 1 ): 31 - 9 .).
REFERENCES
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1Carvalho LG , Teixeira Pde F , Panico AL , Cohen MV , Pinheiro MF , Barroso PF , et al . Evaluation of thyroid function and autoimmunity in HIV-infected women . Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol . 2013 ; 57 ( 6 ): 450 - 6 .
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2Madeddu G , Spanu A , Chessa F , Calia GM , Lovigu C , Solinas P , et al . Thyroid function in human immunodeficiency virus patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART): a longitudinal study . Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) . 2006 ; 64 ( 4 ): 375 - 83 .
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3Zandman-Goddard G , Shoenfeld Y . HIV and autoimmunity . Autoimmun Rev . 2002 ; 1 ( 6 ): 329 - 37 .
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4Beltran S , Lescure FX , El Esper I , Schmit JL , Desailloud R . Subclinical hypothyroidism in HIV-infected patients is not an autoimmune disease . Horm Res . 2006 ; 66 ( 1 ): 21 - 6 .
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5Sheikh V , Dersimonian R , Richterman AG , Porter BO , Natarajan V , Burbelo PD , et al . Graves’ disease as immune reconstitution disease in HIV-positive patients is associated with naive and primary thymic emigrant CD4 T-cell recovery . AIDS . 2014 ; 28 ( 1 ): 31 - 9 .
Publication Dates
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Publication in this collection
Feb 2014
History
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Received
12 Sept 2013 -
Accepted
6 Dec 2013