Evaluation of thermal energy consumption in broiler farms and saving strategies

Jahedi, A.; Zarei, A.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-12051

A. Jahedi

Department of Animal Science, Ghaem Shahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ghaem Shahr, Iran.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7321-0349

A. Zarei ^**Autor para correspondência (corresponding author) E-mail: a-zarei@kiau.ac.ir

Department of Animal Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3364-5759

*Autor para correspondência (corresponding author) E-mail: a-zarei@kiau.ac.ir

Figures (6)
Tables (8)

Thumbnail

Figure 1
Thermal image and appearance of the initial 35meters of the houses.

Thumbnail

Figure 2
Thermal energy consumption in Ardabil (cold climate representative) per kilogram ofmeat before and after optimization. T1: treatment 1 (A broiler farm); T2: treatment 2 (B broiler farm); T3: treatment 3 (C broiler farm) and T4: treatment 4 (D broiler farm). ^{a, b}: The means within the each treatment with a different letter, are significantly different (P<0.05).* All the chickens in the treatments were of Ross 308 breed.

Thumbnail

Figure 3
Thermal energy consumption in Khouzestan (warm climate representative) per kilogram ofmeat before and after optimization. T1: treatment 1 (A broiler farm); T2: treatment 2 (B broiler farm); T3: treatment 3 (C broiler farm) and T4: treatment 4 (D broiler farm). ^{a, b}: The means within each treatment with a different letter, are significantly different (P<0.05). * All the chickens in the treatments were of Ross 308 breed.

Thumbnail

Figure 4
Thermal energy consumption in Isfahan (dry climate representative) per kilogram ofmeat before and after optimization. T1: treatment 1 (A broiler farm); T2: treatment 2 (B broiler farm); T3: treatment 3 (C broiler farm) and T4: treatment 4 (D broiler farm). ^{a, b}: Themeans within each treatment with a different letter, are significantly different (P<0.05). * All the chickens in the treatments were of Ross 308 breed.

Thumbnail

Figure 5
Thermal energy consumption in Guilan (temperate climate representative) per kilogram ofmeat before and after optimization. T1: treatment 1 (A broiler farm); T2: treatment 2 (B broiler farm); T3: treatment 3 (C broiler farm); T4: treatment 4 (D broiler farm). ^{a, b}: Themeans within each treatment with different a letter, are significantly different (P<0.05). * All the chickens in the treatments were of Ross 308 breed.

Thumbnail

Figure 6
Comparison of average thermal energy consumption in the four climatic conditions per kilogram ofmeat before and after optimization. ^{a, b}: themeans within each climate with a different letter, are significantly different (P<0.05).

Thumbnail

Table 1
Climatic conditions in Ardabil (Adapted from: http://www.irimo.ir)

Thumbnail

Table 2
Climatic conditions in Khouzestan (Adapted from: http://www.irimo.ir)

Thumbnail

Table 3
Climatic conditions in Isfahan (Adapted from: http://www.irimo.ir)

Thumbnail

Table 4
Climatic conditions in Guilan (Adapted from: http://www.irimo.ir)

Thumbnail

Table 5
Heat production rate from chicken metabolism

Thumbnail

Table 6
Heat generated by metabolism of 1000 chickens during 5 rearing periods per year

Thumbnail

Table 7
Heat transfer coefficient of the houses

Thumbnail

Table 8
The amount of insulation added to the roofs and walls in the different climatic conditions

Month	January	February	March	April	May	June	July	August	September	October	November	December
Average ofmaximum temperature (ºC)	3	4	11	18	20	23	24	26	22	18	10	5
Average ofminimum temperature (ºC)	-9	-10	-4	3	5	8	12	13	10	5	0	-2
Average humidity (%)	70	63	50	35	25	20	20	25	25	30	35	65
Number of days with clear skies	13	14	14	13	22	26	24	23	27	21	17	13
Number of semi-cloudy days	9	8	9	10	3	1	4	5	1	6	9	10
The number of completely cloudy days	8	8	7	7	5	3	2	2	2	3	4	7

Month	January	February	March	April	May	June	July	August	September	October	November	December
Average ofmaximum temperature (ºC)	17.5	20	24.5	33	40	44.5	46.5	46	42	35	27	20
Average ofminimum temperature (ºC)	9.5	10	13	20	25	28	31	31	26	21	14.5	11
Average humidity (%)	70	63	50	35	25	20	20	25	25	30	35	65
Number of days with clear skies	14	15	18	17	27	29	30	29	29	24	18	15
Number of semi-cloudy days	9	8	9	10	3	1	1	2	1	6	9	10
The number of completely cloudy days	8	5	4	3	1	0	0	0	0	1	3	6

Month	January	February	March	April	May	June	July	August	September	October	November	December
Average ofmaximum temperature (°C)	9	12	17	24	29	35	38	36	32	25	15	11
Average ofminimum temperature (°C)	-3	-1	3	10	13	18	21	19	16	9	5	-1
Average humidity (%)	45	40	35	35	25	20	20	25	25	30	35	45
Number of days with clear skies	13	14	14	13	26	28	24	23	27	21	19	15
Number of semi-cloudy days	9	8	9	10	3	1	4	5	1	6	7	8
The number of completely cloudy days	8	8	7	7	5	3	2	2	2	3	4	7

Month	January	February	March	April	May	June	July	August	September	October	November	December
Average ofmaximum temperature (ºC)	14	12	15	18	27	31	30	30	25	23	16	14
Average ofminimum temperature (ºC)	5	6	7	10	18	22	22	21	18	16	11	9
Average humidity (%)	82	88	85	82	78	70	80	84	86	88	89	86
Number of days with clear skies	132	88	114	149	207	332	247	205	92	116	58	72
Number of semi-cloudy days	4	5	5	5	4	2	3	4			6	6
The number of completely cloudy days	7	15	18	13	11	6	10	10	18	15	18	19

Chicken’s age (week)	Heat production amount from 1000 chickens (kilowatts)
1	0.4
2	1.1
3	2.3
4	3.9
5	5.5
6	7.7
7	9.9

Month	Breeding weeks based on the pattern of 5 breeding periods per year	The average body heat rate of the chicken (𝑘𝑊⁄𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ)	The total heat produced by the chicken body during amonth (𝑀𝐽)
January	The first period (the first, second, third and fourth week)	1.93	4669
February	The first period (fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth weeks)	8.25	19958
March	The second period (the first, second, third and fourth week (	1.27	2304
April	The second period (fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth weeks)	6.75	16330
May	The last week of the second period and the third period (the first and second weeks)	3.80	6895
June	Third period (The third, fourth, fifth and sixth weeks)	4.85	11733
July	Third period (Seventh and eighth weeks (	9.90	11975
August	Fourth period (first, second, third and fourth weeks)	1.93	4669
September	Fourth period (fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth weeks)	8.25	19958
October	Fifth period (first and second weeks)	0.75	907
November	Fifth Period (Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Weeks)	4.85	11733
December	Fifth Period (Seventh and Eighth Weeks)	9.90	11975

Wall type	Area	Heat transfer coefficient	Area * heat transfer coefficient
Wall type	𝑚²	𝑤⁄ 𝑚². 𝑘	𝑤⁄𝑘
Wall	695.2	0.56	392.3
Roof	1281.2	0.57	731.4
Floor	244.0	1.19	291.5
Outside door	4.0	5.80	23.2
Total	-	-	1438

Element type	Element width (mm)	Thermal resistance (m².k/W)	Heat transfer coefficient (W/m².k)
Insulation added to the wall in cold climates	100	2.5	0.4
Insulation added to the wall in temperate climates	50	1.22	0.82
Insulation added to the wall in dry climates	100	2.5	0.4
Insulation added to the wall in warm climates	50	1.22	0.82

[1] *Autor para correspondência (corresponding author) E-mail: a-zarei@kiau.ac.ir

Brasil

Brasil

Evaluation of thermal energy consumption in broiler farms and saving strategies

[Avaliação do consume de energia térmica em granjas de frango e estratégias de economia]

ABSTRACT