Effect of pregnancy and correlation of weight and heart rate with electrocardiographic parameters in the American Miniature Horse

Santarosa, B.P.; Lourenço, M.L.G.; Dantas, G.N.; Ulian, C.M.V.; Heckler, M.C.T.; Sudano, M.J.; Gonçalves, R.C.; Chiacchio, S.B.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-8726

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Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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Veterinary Medicine • Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 68 (03) • May-Jun 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-8726 copy

Effect of pregnancy and correlation of weight and heart rate with electrocardiographic parameters in the American Miniature Horse

Efeito da prenhez e correlação do peso e frequência cardíaca com os parâmetros eletrocardiográficos de equinos Mini-horse

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

There are studies on electrocardiogram (ECG) in several breeds of horses, which highlights the growing importance of cardiology in this species. But few authors have addressed the influence of pregnancy on the cardiac physiology of the mare, and specifically, there are no studies on the Mini-horse breed, as well as no correlation of body weight (BW) and heart rate (HR) with electrocardiographic parameters in this breed. The aims of this study were to determine the effects of pregnancy on ECG parameters and to examine the relationships between these variables and body weight (BW) and heart rate (HR). A total of 203 animals were used, including 143 females (66 pregnant) and 60 males. Electrocardiographic examinations were performed by computerized electrocardiogram (TEB), and the parameters were evaluated in six leads in the frontal plane (Lead I, II, III, aVR, aVL and aVF) and base-apex (BA). BW was inversely proportional to HR, which in turn showed an inverse relationship with the duration of the P-wave and the PR and QT intervals. The P-wave amplitude (lead II) was higher in pregnant animals than in non-pregnant animals. The effect of reproductive status should be monitored by ECG throughout the entire gestational period. The 66 pregnant mares in this study were examined during the first third of their pregnancies, thus, few differences were observed between pregnant and non-pregnant animals.

Keywords:
horse; body weight; cardiology; heart rate; pregnancy

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária Caixa Postal 567, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte MG - Brazil, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2041, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2042 - Belo Horizonte - MG - Brazil
E-mail: abmvz.artigo@gmail.com

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[1] *Autor para correspondência (corresponding author) E-mail: mege@fmvz.unesp.br

Lead	Reproductive status	P (sec)	PR (sec)	QRS (sec)	QT (sec)	T (sec)
I	Pregnant	0.070±0.002	0.161±0.003	0.060±0.001	0.378±0.006	0.113±0.002
	Not pregnant	0.068±0.001	0.160±0.003	0.063±0.001	0.367±0.005	0.111±0.002
	P-value	0.67	0.83	0.20	0.18	0.40
II	Pregnant	0.075±0.002	0.162±0.003	0.057±0.003	0.374±0.006	0.109±0.003
	Not pregnant	0.070±0.002	0.163±0.003	0.054±0.003	0.365±0.005	0.103±0.003
	p-value	0.20	0.87	0.52	0.28	0.42
III	Pregnant	0.070±0.001	0.164±0.003	0.066±0.001	0.375±0.006	0.095±0.002
	Not pregnant	0.070±0.001	0.165±0.002	0.067±0.001	0.369±0.005	0.094±0.002
	p-value	0.87	0.90	0.59	0.52	0.85
aVR	Pregnant	0.065±0.002	0.158±0.003	0.060±0.001	0.377±0.006	0.114±0.002
	Not pregnant	0.064±0.001	0.155±0.003	0.061±0.001	0.367±0.005	0.113±0.002
	p-value	0.53	0.58	0.72	0.22	0.86
aVL	Pregnant	0.067±0.002	0.153±0.003	0.061±0.001	0.376±0.006	0.104±0.002
	Not pregnant	0.067±0.001	0.162±0.003	0.064±0.001	0.367±0.005	0.101±0.002
	p-value	0.96	0.08	0.22	0.28	0.45
aVF	Pregnant	0.076±0.001^a	0.167±0.003	0.061±0.001	0.371±0.006	0.089±0.002
	Not pregnant	0.069±0.001^b	0.163±0.003	0.061±0.001	0.370±0.006	0.091±0.002
	p-value	0.0073	0.35	0.87	0.88	0.71
BA	Pregnant	0.085±0.001^a	0.178±0.003	0.089±0.007	0.391±0.006	0.115±0.002
	Not pregnant	0.077±0.001^b	0.175±0.003	0.078±0.006	0.398±0.006	0.122±0.002
	p-value	0.0058	0.46	0.26	0.45	0.08

Lead	Reproductive status	P (mV)	R (mV)	T (mV)
I	Pregnant	0.109±0.004	0.114±0.01	-0.521±0.03
	Not pregnant	0.104±0.004	0.081±0.01	-0.483±0.02
	p-value	0.44	0.15	0.37
II	Pregnant	0.175±0.004^a	0.197±0.018	-0.961±0.43
	Not pregnant	0.160±0.004^b	0.202±0.017	-0.285±0.39
	p-value	0.02	0.85	0.25
III	Pregnant	0.125±0.004	0.288±0.02	0.203±0.03
	Not pregnant	0.128±0.004	0.321±0.02	0.172±0.02
	p-value	0.56	0.36	0.45
aVR	Pregnant	-0.129±0.003	0.156±0.19^a	0.432±0.024
	Not pregnant	-0.122±0.003	0.215±0.17^b	0.431±0.022
	p-value	0.14	0.02	0.96
aVL	Pregnant	0.015±0.01	0.121±0.01	-0.358±0.02
	Not pregnant	0.021±0.01	0.095±0.01	-0.338±0.02
	p-value	0.69	0.31	0.55
aVF	Pregnant	0.144±0.004	0.216±0.020	-0.025±0.032
	Not pregnant	0.143±0.004	0.235±0.019	-0.045±0.030
	p-value	0.84	0.50	0.66
BA	Pregnant	0.253±0.006	0.015±0.005	0.258±0.05
	Not pregnant	0.236±0.006	0.018±0.004	0.267±0.05
	p-value	0.07	0.66	0.90

Lead	CR	P (sec)	P (mV)	PR (sec)	QRS (sec)	R (mV)	QT (sec)	T (sec)	T (mV)	Axis (degree)
II	CR-BW	0.23514	0.03517	0.37205	0.03869	-0.11266	0.36996	-0.0394	0.01121	-0.12569
	p-value	0.0008	0.6202	<0.0001	0.5855	0.1113	<0.0001	0.5743	0.8745	0.0754
BA	CR-BW	0.23694	0.15467	0.43717	0.12354	-0.05554	0.27762	0.01118	0.02373
	p-value	0.0007	0.0276	<0.0001	0.0791	0.4313	<0.0001	0.8742	0.7369
II	CR-HR	-0.38569	0.03367	-0.56970	-0.06763	0.17207	-0.82589	-0.15118	0.04301	0.17369
	p-value	<0.0001	0.6351	<0.0001	0.3401	0.146	<0.0001	0.0322	0.5444	0.0137
BA	CR - HR	-0.37958	0.06131	-0.52255	-0.16861	0.09458	-0.58407	-0.33629	0.00286	-
	p-value	<0.0001	0.3848	<0.0001	0.0162	0.1795	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.9677	-