Beef cattle finishing systems used in scientific research in Brazil: an integrative review

Alves, J.G.F.; Gurgel, A.L.C.; Araújo, M.J.; Dias-Silva, T.P.; Difante, G.S.; Ítavo, L.C.V.; Campelo, I.B.R.; Marinho, M.A.S.; Aguiar, I.O.M.; Emerenciano Neto, J.V.; Almeida, D.M.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-13284

J.G.F. Alves

Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Bom Jesus, PI, Brasil

A.L.C. Gurgel ^**Corresponding author: antonio.gurgel@ufpi.edu.br

Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Bom Jesus, PI, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5911-369X

M.J. Araújo

Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Bom Jesus, PI, Brasil

T.P. Dias-Silva

Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Bom Jesus, PI, Brasil

G.S. Difante

Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2233-7195

L.C.V. Ítavo

Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6895-8483

I.B.R. Campelo

Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Bom Jesus, PI, Brasil

M.A.S. Marinho

Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Bom Jesus, PI, Brasil

I.O.M. Aguiar

Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus Professora Cinobelina Elvas, Bom Jesus, PI, Brasil

J.V. Emerenciano Neto

Unidade Acadêmica Especializada em Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Macaíba, RN, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3060-9696

D.M. Almeida

Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brasil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3336-5044

*Corresponding author: antonio.gurgel@ufpi.edu.br

Acronym	Terms
Population (P)	“Beef cattle” OR “Bovinos de corte” OR “Ganado” OR “Vacuno” OR “Beef cow” OR “Beef herd” OR “Beef production” OR “Bos indicus” OR “Bos taurus” OR “Zebu” OR “Livestock” OR “Ox” OR “Oxen” OR “Calves” OR “Herd” OR “Nelore” OR “Angus” OR “Brahman” OR “Brangus” OR “Senepol” OR “Hereford”
Variables (V)	“Production systems” OR “Sistemas produtivos” OR “Sistemas productivos”
Outcomes (O)	“Feedlot” OR “Terminação” OR “Terminación” OR “Finishing” OR “Finished” OR “Termination” OR “Confinement” OR “Feedyard” OR “Finishing systems” OR “Finishing cattle” OR “Pasture finishing” OR “Grazing cattle” OR “Grass finished”

Author/year	State/region	finishing system	Roughage/cultivate	Supplementation	Roughage/concentrate ratio	Level of evidence
*Padre et al.,* 2007**PADRE, R.G.; ARICETTI, J.A.; GOMES, S.T.M et al. Analysis of fatty acids in Longissimus muscle of steers of different genetic breeds finished in pasture systems. Livest. Sci., v.110, p.57-63, 2007.	Paraná/South	Pasture	Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu	Mineral	-	1
*Menezes et al.,* 2008**MENEZES, L.F.G.; RESTLE, J.; KUSS, J et al. Body measurements of feedlot finished steers from advanced generations of rotational crossbreeding between Charolais and Nellore breeds. Cienc. Rural, v.38, p.771-777, 2008.	Minas Gerais / Southeast	Confinement	Corn silage	-	52/48	1
*Moreira et al.,* 2009**MOREIRA, S.A.; THOMÉ, K.M.; FERREIRA, P.S.; BOTELHO FILHO, F.B. Economic analysis of termination beef feedlot cattle in the dynamic of an agricultural property. Economic analysis of termination beef feedlot cattle in the dynamic of an agricultural property. Custo Agronegócio, v.5, p.132-152, 2009.	Goiás/Midwest	Confinement	Corn silage	-	60/40	1
*Silva et al.,* 2010**SILVA, R.R.; PRADO, I.N.; CARVALHO, G.G.P et al. Níveis de suplementação na terminação de novilhos Nelore em pastagens: aspectos econômicos. Rev. Bras. Zootec., v.39, p.2091-2097, 2010.	Bahia/Northeast	Pasture	Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu	Mineral e protein/energy	-	1
*Lopes et al.,* 2011**LOPES, L.S.; LADEIRA, M.M.; MACHADO NETO, O.R et al. Viabilidade econômica da terminação de novilhos Nelore e Red Norte em confinamento na região de Lavras-MG. Ciênc. Agrotec., v.35, p.774-780, 2011.	Minas Gerais/ Southeast	Confinement	Corn silage	-	50/50	1
Castro et al., 2013	Paraná/South	Pasture	Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés	Mineral	-	1
*Freitas et al.* 2014**FREITAS, A.K.; LOBATO, J.F.P.; CARDOSO, L.L et al. Nutritional composition of the meat of Hereford and Braford steers finished on pastures or in a feedlot in southern Brazil. Meat Sci., v.96, p.353-360, 2014.	Rio Grande do Sul/South	Pasture and Confinement	Paspalum notatum and Paspalum dilatum Corn silage	-	37/63	1
*Pacheco et al.,* 2014a**PACHECO, P.S.; PASCOAL, L.L.; RESTLE, J et al. Risk assessment of finishing beef cattle in feedlot: slaughter weight sand correlation amongst input variables. Rev. Bras. Zootec., v.43, p.92-99, 2014a.	Rio Grande do Sul/South	Confinement	Corn silage	-	60/40	1
*Pacheco et al.,* 2014b**PACHECO, P.S.; RESTLE, J.; PASCOAL, L.L et al. Use of the correlation between input variables in estimating the risk of feedlot finishing of steers and young steers. An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc., v.86, p.945-954, 2014b.	Rio Grande do Sul/South	Confinement	Corn silage	-	60/40	1
*Eiras et al.* 2014**EIRAS, C.E.; MARQUES, J.A.; PRADO, R.M et al. Glycerine levels in the diets of crossbred bulls finished in feedlot: Carcass characteristics and meat quality. Meat Sci., v.96, p.930-936, 2014.	Paraná/ South	Confinement	Corn silage	-	48/52	1
*Nichele et al.,* 2015**NICHELE, E.M.; MORAES, E.H.B.K.; ARAÚJO, C.V et al. Eficiência bioeconômica de bovinos de corte em confinamento. Rev. Bras. Saúde Prod. Anim., v.16, p.699-711, 2015.	Mato Grosso/Midwest	Confinement	-	-	-	1
*Possamai et al.,* 2015**POSSAMAI, A.; ZERVOUDAKIS, J.; CABRAL, L et al. Glicerina bruta e caroço de algodão em suplementos múltiplos para terminação de bovinos à pasto na época das águas. Análise econômica. Arch. Zootec., v.64, p.246, 2015.	Mato Grosso/Midwest	Pasture	Brachiaria brizanha cv. Marandu	protein/energy	-	1
*Moreira et al.,* 2015**MOREIRA, F.S.; OLIVEIRA, M.M.N.F.; VILLELA, S.D.J et al. Productive and economical performance of three genetic groups of animals raised on pasture with supplementation and feedlo. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec., v.67, p.140-148, 2015.	Minas Gerais/Sudeste	Confinement	Sorghum silage	-	50/50	1
*Leal et al.,* 2017**LEAL, W.S.; PACHECO, P.S.; PASCOAL, L.L et al. Beef cattle feedlot deterministic financial indicators and production costs in Rio Grande Do Sul-Brazil. Custo Agronegócio, v.13, p.201-217, 2017.	Rio Grande do Sul/South	Confinement	Corn silage	-	-	1
Dirceu-Pazdiora et al., 2017	São Paulo/Southeast	Confinement	Sugarcane bagasse	-	-	1
*Roth et al.,* 2017**ROTH, M.T.P.; RESENDE, F.D.; OLIVEIRA, I.M et al. Does supplementation during previous phase influence performance during the growing and finishing phase in Nellore cattle? Livest. Sci., v.204, p.122-128, 2017.	São Paulo/Southeast	Confinement	Sugarcane silage	-	25/75	1
*Zanetti et al.,* 2017**ZANETTI, D.; VALADARES FILHO, S.C.; PRADOS, L.F et al. Impacts of reduction of phosphorus in finishing diets for Holstein×Zebu steers. Livest. Sci., v.198, p.45-51, 2017.	Minas Gerais/ Southeast	Confinement	Sugarcane	-	40/60	1
*Oliveira et al.,* 2018**OLIVEIRA, P.P.A.; CORTE, R.R.S.; SILVA, S.L et al. The effect of grazing system intensification on the growth and meat quality of beef cattle in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome. Meat Sci., v.139, p.157-161, 2018.	São Paulo/ Southeast	Pasture	Panicum maximum; Brachiaria brizantha; Avena byzantina; Loliun multifloram	Mineral	-	1
*Souza et al.,* 2019**SOUZA, K.A.; MONTESCHIO, J.O.; MOTTIN, C et al. Effects of diet supplementation with clove and rosemary essential oils and protected oils (eugenol, thymol and vanillin) on animal performance, carcass characteristics, digestibility, and ingestive behavior activities for Nellore heifers finished in feedlot. Livest. Sci., v.220, p.190-195, 2019.	Paraná/South	Confinement	Corn silage	-	25/75	1
*Augusto et al.,* 2019**AUGUSTO, W.F.; BILEGO, U.O.; MISSIO, R.L. et al. Animal performance, carcass traits and meat quality of F1 Angus-Nellore steers and heifers slaughtered in feedlot with a similar carcass finishing. Semin. Ciênc. Agrár., v.40, p.1681-1694, 2019.	Goiás/Midwest	Confinement	Corn silage	-	40/60	1
Araújo Filho et al., 2019	Rio de Janeiro/ Southeast	Pasture and Confinement	Brachiaria decumbens Brachiaria humidicola	Mineral and protein/energy	25/75	1
*Perdigão et al.,* 2020**PERDIGÃO, A.; MARTINS, C.L.; VIEIRA JUNIOR, L.C et al. Identification of the production system of beef cattle by the stable isotope analysis. Pesqui. Agropecu. Bras., v.55, p.e01501, 2020.	São Paulo/ Southeast	Pasture and Confinement	Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu Sugarcane silage; Corn silage and Sugarcane bagasse;	-	48/52 e 57,5/42,5	1
*Francisco et al.,* 2020**FRANCISCO, C.L.; CASTILHOS, A.M.; SILVA, D.C.M et al. Temperament of Nelore growing-steers receiving supplementation in grazing system: performance, ultrasound measures, feeding behavior, and serum parameters. Livest. Sci., v.241, p.104203, 2020.	São Paulo/ Southeast	Pasture	Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés	protein/energy	-	1
*Baldassini et al.* 2021**BALDASSINI, W.A.; FERREIRA, M.S.; SANTIAGO, B.M. et al. Intake, performance, meat quality and fatty acid profile of Nellore bulls finished in feedlot with diets containing dry corn gluten feed. Livest. Sci., v.253, p.104715, 2021.	São Paulo/ Southeast	Confinement	Sugarcane bagasse	-	13.2/86.8	1
Santin Junior et al., 2021	Rio Grande do Sul/South	Pasture	Avena strigona; Lolium multiflorum	protein/energy	-	1
Fornazari Neto et al., 2021	Rio Grande do Sul/ South	Confinement	Tifton hay	-	20/80	1
*Ferreira et al.,* 2021**FERREIRA, H.C.; CARVALHO, C.C.S.; MONÇÃO, F.P et al. Effect of shading strategies on intake, digestibility, respiratory rate, feeding behaviour, and performance of feedlot-finished Nellore bulls in the semi-arid region of Brazil. Ital. J. Anim. Sci., v.20, p.1759-1769, 2021.	Minas Gerais/ Southeast	Confinement	Corn silage	-	42/58	1
*Godoi et al.,* 2021**GODOI, L.A.; SILVA, B.C.; SILVA, F.A.S et al. Effect of flint corn processing methods on intake, digestion sites, rumen pH, and ruminal kinetics in finishing Nellore bulls. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., v.27, p.114775, 2021.	Minas Gerais/ Southeast	Confinement	Corn silage	-	25/75	1
*Leal et al.,* 2021**LEAL, E.S.; ÍTAVO, L.C.V.; ÍTAVO, C.C.B.F et al. Combinations of by-products from biodiesel production included in the supplement for finishing heifers on deferred pastures. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., v.53, p.262-271, 2021.	Mato Grosso do Sul/Midwest	Pasture	Brachiaria brizantha cv. marandu	protein/energy	-
*Malafaia et al.,* 2022**MALAFAIA, P.; SOUZA, V.C.; COSTA, D.F.A. Physicochemical evaluations of diets, rumen fluid, blood and faeces of beef cattle under two different feedlot systems. Animals, v.12, p.3114, 2022.	Goiás/Midwest	Confinement	Corn silage	-	20/80	1
*Araújo et al.,* 2022**ARAÚJO, T.L.C.; FEIJÓ, G.L.D.; NEVES, A.P. et al. Effect of genetic merit for backfat thickness and paternal breed on performance, carcass traits, and gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue of feedlot-finished steers. Livest. Sci., v.263, p.104998, 2022.	Mato Grosso do Sul/Midwest	Confinement	Sorghum silage	-	50/50	1
*Ferrari et al.,* 2022**FERRARI, A.C.; BERÇA, A.S.; SILVA, M.L.C et al. Effects of supplement type during the pre-finishing growth phase on subsequent performance of Nellore bulls finished in confinement or on tropical pasture. Appl. Anim. Sci., v.38, p.474-486, 2022.	São Paulo/ Southeast	Pasture and Confinement	Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu; Corn silage	Mineral and protein/energy	30/70	1
*Medina et al.,* 2023**MEDINA, L.C.M.; ÍTAVO, L.C.V.; ÍTAVO, C.C.B.F et al. Sequential use of nutritional additives in diets for finishing Nellore steers in confinement. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., v.55, p.151, 2023.	Mato Grosso do Sul/Midwest	Confinement	Millet silage	-	30/70	1

Author/year	Gender	Breed	Age (months)	Initial body weight (kg)
*Padre et al.,* 2007**PADRE, R.G.; ARICETTI, J.A.; GOMES, S.T.M et al. Analysis of fatty acids in Longissimus muscle of steers of different genetic breeds finished in pasture systems. Livest. Sci., v.110, p.57-63, 2007.	Male	Nellore, Simmental and Santa Gertrudis	22	-
*Menezes et al. 2008*MENEZES, L.F.G.; RESTLE, J.; KUSS, J et al. Body measurements of feedlot finished steers from advanced generations of rotational crossbreeding between Charolais and Nellore breeds. Cienc. Rural, v.38, p.771-777, 2008.	Male	Charolais and Nellore	20	340
*Moreira et al.,* 2009**MOREIRA, S.A.; THOMÉ, K.M.; FERREIRA, P.S.; BOTELHO FILHO, F.B. Economic analysis of termination beef feedlot cattle in the dynamic of an agricultural property. Economic analysis of termination beef feedlot cattle in the dynamic of an agricultural property. Custo Agronegócio, v.5, p.132-152, 2009.	Male and Female	Nellore and crossbred Gir rossbred, Girolando	30 - 42 (males) 18 - 30 (heifers) +30 (cull cows)	268
*Silva et al.,* 2010**SILVA, R.R.; PRADO, I.N.; CARVALHO, G.G.P et al. Níveis de suplementação na terminação de novilhos Nelore em pastagens: aspectos econômicos. Rev. Bras. Zootec., v.39, p.2091-2097, 2010.	Male	Nellore	26	371±1
*Lopes et al.,* 2011**LOPES, L.S.; LADEIRA, M.M.; MACHADO NETO, O.R et al. Viabilidade econômica da terminação de novilhos Nelore e Red Norte em confinamento na região de Lavras-MG. Ciênc. Agrotec., v.35, p.774-780, 2011.	Male	Nellore e Red Norte	20	321±3
Castro et al., 2013	Male	Nellore	-	340
*Freitas et al.,* 2014**FREITAS, A.K.; LOBATO, J.F.P.; CARDOSO, L.L et al. Nutritional composition of the meat of Hereford and Braford steers finished on pastures or in a feedlot in southern Brazil. Meat Sci., v.96, p.353-360, 2014.	Male	Herefords and Brafords	22	-
*Pacheco et al.,* 2014a**PACHECO, P.S.; PASCOAL, L.L.; RESTLE, J et al. Risk assessment of finishing beef cattle in feedlot: slaughter weight sand correlation amongst input variables. Rev. Bras. Zootec., v.43, p.92-99, 2014a.	Male	½ Charolais-Nellore	20 - 24	-
*Pacheco et al.,* 2014b**PACHECO, P.S.; RESTLE, J.; PASCOAL, L.L et al. Use of the correlation between input variables in estimating the risk of feedlot finishing of steers and young steers. An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc., v.86, p.945-954, 2014b.	Male	½ Charolais-Nellore	30	361±38
*Eiras et al.,* 2014**EIRAS, C.E.; MARQUES, J.A.; PRADO, R.M et al. Glycerine levels in the diets of crossbred bulls finished in feedlot: Carcass characteristics and meat quality. Meat Sci., v.96, p.930-936, 2014.	Male	Purunã	7 - 9	209±33
*Nichele et al.,* 2015**NICHELE, E.M.; MORAES, E.H.B.K.; ARAÚJO, C.V et al. Eficiência bioeconômica de bovinos de corte em confinamento. Rev. Bras. Saúde Prod. Anim., v.16, p.699-711, 2015.	Male	Nellore	-	350
*Possamai et al.,* 2015**POSSAMAI, A.; ZERVOUDAKIS, J.; CABRAL, L et al. Glicerina bruta e caroço de algodão em suplementos múltiplos para terminação de bovinos à pasto na época das águas. Análise econômica. Arch. Zootec., v.64, p.246, 2015.	Male	½ Nellore-Frisean Nellore	20	381±26
*Moreira et al.,* 2015**MOREIRA, F.S.; OLIVEIRA, M.M.N.F.; VILLELA, S.D.J et al. Productive and economical performance of three genetic groups of animals raised on pasture with supplementation and feedlo. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec., v.67, p.140-148, 2015.	Male	Frisean ½ Guzerá-Nellore	9-11	241±3
*Leal et al.,* 2017**LEAL, W.S.; PACHECO, P.S.; PASCOAL, L.L et al. Beef cattle feedlot deterministic financial indicators and production costs in Rio Grande Do Sul-Brazil. Custo Agronegócio, v.13, p.201-217, 2017.	Male	½ Charolais-Nellore	8	348
Dirceu-Pazdiora et al., 2017	-	Nellore	22
*Roth et al.,* 2017**ROTH, M.T.P.; RESENDE, F.D.; OLIVEIRA, I.M et al. Does supplementation during previous phase influence performance during the growing and finishing phase in Nellore cattle? Livest. Sci., v.204, p.122-128, 2017.	Male	Nellore Frisean-Zebu	8	205±4
*Zanetti et al.,* 2017**ZANETTI, D.; VALADARES FILHO, S.C.; PRADOS, L.F et al. Impacts of reduction of phosphorus in finishing diets for Holstein×Zebu steers. Livest. Sci., v.198, p.45-51, 2017.	Male	Nellore	-	377±49
*Oliveira et al.,* 2018**OLIVEIRA, P.P.A.; CORTE, R.R.S.; SILVA, S.L et al. The effect of grazing system intensification on the growth and meat quality of beef cattle in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome. Meat Sci., v.139, p.157-161, 2018.	Male	Nellore	15	271±2
*Souza et al.,* 2019**SOUZA, K.A.; MONTESCHIO, J.O.; MOTTIN, C et al. Effects of diet supplementation with clove and rosemary essential oils and protected oils (eugenol, thymol and vanillin) on animal performance, carcass characteristics, digestibility, and ingestive behavior activities for Nellore heifers finished in feedlot. Livest. Sci., v.220, p.190-195, 2019.	Female	Nellore	-	297±31
*Augusto et al.,* 2019**AUGUSTO, W.F.; BILEGO, U.O.; MISSIO, R.L. et al. Animal performance, carcass traits and meat quality of F1 Angus-Nellore steers and heifers slaughtered in feedlot with a similar carcass finishing. Semin. Ciênc. Agrár., v.40, p.1681-1694, 2019.	Male e Female	Angus and Nellore	18	354±43
Araújo Filho et al., 2019	Male	Angus and Nellore	18	-
*Perdigão et al.,* 2020**PERDIGÃO, A.; MARTINS, C.L.; VIEIRA JUNIOR, L.C et al. Identification of the production system of beef cattle by the stable isotope analysis. Pesqui. Agropecu. Bras., v.55, p.e01501, 2020.	Male	-	-	-
*Francisco et al.,* 2020**FRANCISCO, C.L.; CASTILHOS, A.M.; SILVA, D.C.M et al. Temperament of Nelore growing-steers receiving supplementation in grazing system: performance, ultrasound measures, feeding behavior, and serum parameters. Livest. Sci., v.241, p.104203, 2020.	Male	Nellore	-	220±33
*Baldassini et al.,* 2021**BALDASSINI, W.A.; FERREIRA, M.S.; SANTIAGO, B.M. et al. Intake, performance, meat quality and fatty acid profile of Nellore bulls finished in feedlot with diets containing dry corn gluten feed. Livest. Sci., v.253, p.104715, 2021.	Male	Nellore	22 - 24	361±14
Santin Junior et al., 2021	Male	Aberdeen Angus	7-8	185±25
Fornazari Neto et al., 2021	Male	Nellore	12	-
*Ferreira et al.,* 2021**FERREIRA, H.C.; CARVALHO, C.C.S.; MONÇÃO, F.P et al. Effect of shading strategies on intake, digestibility, respiratory rate, feeding behaviour, and performance of feedlot-finished Nellore bulls in the semi-arid region of Brazil. Ital. J. Anim. Sci., v.20, p.1759-1769, 2021.	Male	Nellore Frisean-Zebu	24	29 4±19
*Godoi et al.,* 2021**GODOI, L.A.; SILVA, B.C.; SILVA, F.A.S et al. Effect of flint corn processing methods on intake, digestion sites, rumen pH, and ruminal kinetics in finishing Nellore bulls. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., v.27, p.114775, 2021.	Male	Nellore	8	265±18
*Leal et al.,* 2021**LEAL, E.S.; ÍTAVO, L.C.V.; ÍTAVO, C.C.B.F et al. Combinations of by-products from biodiesel production included in the supplement for finishing heifers on deferred pastures. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., v.53, p.262-271, 2021.	Female	Nellore	18	299±22
*Malafaia et al.,* 2022**MALAFAIA, P.; SOUZA, V.C.; COSTA, D.F.A. Physicochemical evaluations of diets, rumen fluid, blood and faeces of beef cattle under two different feedlot systems. Animals, v.12, p.3114, 2022.	Male	Nellore	-	-
*Araújo et al.,* 2022**ARAÚJO, T.L.C.; FEIJÓ, G.L.D.; NEVES, A.P. et al. Effect of genetic merit for backfat thickness and paternal breed on performance, carcass traits, and gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue of feedlot-finished steers. Livest. Sci., v.263, p.104998, 2022.	Male and Female	Nellore Aberdeen Angus	7-9	-
*Ferrari et al.,* 2022**FERRARI, A.C.; BERÇA, A.S.; SILVA, M.L.C et al. Effects of supplement type during the pre-finishing growth phase on subsequent performance of Nellore bulls finished in confinement or on tropical pasture. Appl. Anim. Sci., v.38, p.474-486, 2022.	Male	Nellore	17	386±25
*Medina et al.,* 2023**MEDINA, L.C.M.; ÍTAVO, L.C.V.; ÍTAVO, C.C.B.F et al. Sequential use of nutritional additives in diets for finishing Nellore steers in confinement. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., v.55, p.151, 2023.	Male	Nellore	-	356±18

[1] *Corresponding author: antonio.gurgel@ufpi.edu.br

Brasil

Brasil

Beef cattle finishing systems used in scientific research in Brazil: an integrative review

[Sistemas de terminação de bovinos de corte utilizados em pesquisas científicas no Brasil: uma revisão integrativa]

ABSTRACT