The importance of updated criteria in breeding soundness examination of commercial Nellore bulls for the herd reproductive improvement

Diniz, J.H.W.; Teixeira, A.C.B.; Riveros, J.A.N.; Peres, R.F.G.; Fonseca, D.Q.; Cunha, E.C.R.; Vilela, V.M.T.; Silva, D.F.; Leo, A.M.P.; Palhares, R.C.F.T.; Oliveira, L.Z.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-12151

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Veterinary Medicine • Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 73 (02) • Mar-Apr 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12151 linkcopy

The importance of updated criteria in breeding soundness examination of commercial Nellore bulls for the herd reproductive improvement

[Importância de critérios atualizados na avaliação andrológica de touros Nelore a campo para a evolução reprodutiva do rebanho]

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The aim of this work was to compare results of breeding soundness examination (BSE) of Nellore bulls (n=1257) according to evaluation criteria from two different classification tables (traditional-Table1 used since 1997 and an updated-Table2-proposed in 2020). Data were separated into 3 categories: questionable animals in Table1 and Table2 (Q1Q2), animals approved in Table1 and questionable in Table2 (A1Q2) and animals approved in Table1 and Table2 (A1A2). BSE parameters were submitted to ANOVA (P<005), according to age groups. Higher (P<0.0001) scrotal perimeter (PE) were observed in A1A2 category (18-24m=33.4±2.4cm; 24-36m=34.5±2.2cm; 36-48m=36.6±1.7cm; >48m=38.6±1.7cm) compared to A1Q2 (18-24m=29.05±0.98cm; 24-36m=30.3±0.6cm; 36-48m=32.9±1.0cm; >48m=34.8±1.0cm) and to Q1Q2 (24-36m=26.8±2.0cm; 36-48m=30.0±0.1cm; >48m=31.3±1.1cm), for all age groups. At the age of 36-48months (Q1Q2=2.7±0.3; A1Q2=3.2±0.3; A1A2=3.3±0.6) and >48months (Q1Q2=3.0±0.4; A1Q2=3.3±0.5; A1A2=3.4±0.5), animals with better andrological classifications presented higher (P<0.05) body condition score (BCS). Additionally, at age >48m, higher sperm Motility (P=0.0250) and Vigor (P=0.0335) were observed in animals A1Q2 (Mot=55.5±14.7%; V=3.21±0.82) and A1A2 (Mot=55.8±12.2%; V=3.23±0.81) compared to Q1Q2 (Mot=50.2±17.4%; V=2.77±0.82). It was concluded that bulls approved using strict selection criteria demonstrated higher PE and BCS, regardless of the age. The utilization of updated classification tables is highly recommended for further reproductive potential development of Nellore bulls in the field.

Keywords: andrology; bovine; fertility; scrotal perimeter; classification tables

Parameters	Classification
Parameters	Excellent	Very good	Good	Questionable
1-Sperm Motility
Vigor	5	4 < 5	3 < 4	< 3
Progressive Motility (%)	≥ 75	60 < 75	30 < 60	< 30
Points awarded	21 - 25	16 < 21	10 < 16	< 10
2-Sperm Morphology
Major defects (%)	≤ 5	> 5-10	> 10-20	> 20
Total defects (%)	≤ 10	> 10-15	> 15-30	> 30
Points awarded	30 - 35	25 < 30	15 < 25	< 15
3-Scrotal Perimeter (cm)
Age in months
12 to < 18	≥ 26.0	24.0 < 26.0	21.5 < 24.0	< 21.5
18 to < 24	≥ 31.5	28.5 < 31.5	26.0 < 28.5	< 26.0
24 to < 36	≥ 35.0	32.0 < 35.0	29.0 < 32.0	< 29.0
36 to < 48	≥ 37.0	33.5 < 37.0	30.5 < 33.5	< 30.5
> 48	≥ 39.0	36.0 < 39.0	33.0 < 36.0	< 33.0
Points awarded	35 - 40	25 < 35	15 < 25	< 15
TOTAL POINTS	86 - 100	66 < 86	40 < 66	< 40

Parameters	Classification
Parameters	Excellent	Very good	Good	Questionable
1-Sperm Motility
Progressive Motility (%)	≥ 75	60 < 75	50 < 60	< 50
Vigor	5	4 < 5	3 < 4	< 3
Points awarded	21 - 25	16 < 21	10 < 16	< 10
2-Sperm Morphology
Major defects (%)	≤ 3	4 - 10	11 - 15	> 15
Total defects (%)	≤ 10	11 - 15	15 - 30	> 30
Points awarded	30 - 35	25 < 30	20 < 25	< 20
3-Scrotal Perimeter (cm)
12 to < 18 month	≥ 33.5	31.5 ≤ 33.4	29.5 ≤ 31.4	≤ 29.4
18 to < 24 month	≥ 34.0	32.0 ≤ 33.9	30.5 ≤ 31.9	≤ 30.4
24 to < 36 month	≥ 35.5	33.0 ≤ 35.4	31.5 ≤ 32.9	≤ 31.4
36 to < 48 month	≥ 38.5	36.5 ≤ 38.4	35.0 ≤ 36.4	≤ 34.9
> 48 month	≥ 39.5	38.0 ≤ 39.4	36.5 ≤ 37.9	≤ 36.4
Points awarded	35 - 40	30 < 35	15 < 30	0
TOTAL POINTS	86 - 100	71 < 86	45 < 71	< 45

Age group	Parameter	Q1Q2	A1Q2	A1A2	P value
18 to 24 months	PE	X	29.05 ± 0.98 cm ^a	33.4 ± 2.4 cm ^b	P<0.0001
	BCS	X	2.7 ± 0.2 ^A	2.9 ± 0.4 ^B	P=0.0640
	N	0	10	34
24 to 36 months	PE	26.8 ± 2.0 cm ^a	30.3 ± 0.6 cm ^b	34.5 ± 2.2 cm ^c	P<0.0001
	BCS	3.0 ± 0.3 ^B	3.3 ± 0.3 ^A	3.1 ± 0.5 ^AB	P=0.0819
	N	6	27	78
36 to 48 months	PE	30.0 ± 0.1 cm ^a	32.9 ± 1.0 cm ^b	36.6 ± 1.7 cm ^c	P<0.0001
	BCS	2.7 ± 0.3 ^a	3.2 ± 0.3 ^b	3.3 ± 0.6 ^b	P=0.0988
	N	6	55	53
> 48 months	PE	31.3 ± 1.1 cm ^a	34.8 ± 1.0 cm ^b	38.6 ± 1.7 cm ^c	P<0.0001
	BCS	3.0 ± 0.4 ^a	3.3 ± 0.5 ^b	3.4 ± 0.5 ^c	P=0.0003
	N	61	428	499

Age group	Parameter	Q1Q2	A1Q2	A1A2
18 to 24 months	Mot	X	55.0 ± 14.3 %	47.1 ± 15.4 %
	Vigor	X	2.99 ± 0.67	2.94 ± 1.05
	Dma	X	2.78 ± 1.30	3.20 ± 2.58
	Dme	X	2.00 ± 2.06	4.00 ± 3.81
	TDE	X	4.8 ± 1.9 %	7.2 ± 5.2 %
	N	0	10	34
24 to 36 months	Mot	45.1 ± 19.4 %	57.4 ± 17.0 %	55.1 ± 13.6 %
	Vigor	2.70 ± 0.84	3.18 ± 0.75	2.96 ± 0.71
	Dma	2.33 ± 2.31	3.75 ± 3.21	3.57 ± 2.46
	Dme	3.67 ± 2.52	4.54 ± 2.77	3.79 ± 3.37
	TDE	5.6 ± 4.7 %	8.3 ± 4.3 %	7.4 ± 4.4 %
	N	6	27	78
36 to 48 months	Mot	63.3 ± 8.2 %^AB	58.1 ± 8.9 % ^A	61.2 ± 12.8 % ^B
	Vigor	2.83 ± 0.52	3.23 ± 0.74	3.24 ± 0.85
	Dma	2.33 ± 1.51	3.42 ± 1.75	3.77 ± 2.37
	Dme	2.10 ± 1.79	3.50 ± 3.14	4.23 ± 3.20
	TDE	4.3 ± 3.0 %	6.9 ± 3.6 %	8.0 ± 3.9 %
	N	6	55	53
> 48 months	Mot	50.2 ± 17.4 % ^a	55.5 ± 14.7 % ^b	55.8 ± 12.2 % ^b
	Vigor	2.77 ± 0.82^a	3.21 ± 0.82^b	3.23 ± 0.81^b
	Dma	2.37 ± 2.37	3.22 ± 2.35	3.02 ± 2.37
	Dme	3.47 ± 3.45	2.85 ± 2.73	3.09 ± 2.74
	TDE	5.8 ± 3.8 %	6.1 ± 3.7 %	6.1 ± 3.8 %
	N	61	428	499

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[TFN1] According to et al), a score is given according to sperm characteristics and scrotal perimeter. Animals are classified as Satisfactory (excellent, very good or good) or as Questionable (animals not recommended for reproduction) after BSE.