Morphometric analysis on erythrocytes of various livestock being reared in the Cholistan desert

Parveen, S.; Lashari, M.H.; Farooq, U.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-12767

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Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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Veterinary Medicine and Technology and Inspection of Animal Products • Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 75 (03) • May-Jun 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12767 copy

Morphometric analysis on erythrocytes of various livestock being reared in the Cholistan desert

[Análise morfométrica de eritrócitos de vários pecuários criados no deserto de colistão]

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to assess the influence of physiological exposure to erythrocyte indices; the morphometric parameters of the size of erythrocytes, as well as synergistic effects on the erythrocyte spectrum changes in various species being reared in different strip-wasteland conditions. We collected samples from 400 animals from the jugular veins and made 2000 blood smears, sample blood was taken by an expert veterinary doctor and transferred into an EDTA vacutainer. Blood smears were stained through the Pappenheim procedure and slides were photomicrographed under 100x objective. The parameters of morphometry of erythrocytes were largest in cattle after buffalo, sheep, while goats have the lowest one. The influence of age was significant p<0.05. The influence of sex was not significant in Cattle p<0.01, values of a parameter of erythrocytes were higher in young than in adults in sheep, goats, cattle, and buffalo. The size of erythrocytes in males was higher than females in sheep, goat, and buffalo but in cattle values of female erythrocytes were higher than in males. Further, gender, altitude, and age have a profound influence on the morphometric attributes of erythrocytes. It will be helpful in interpreting etiopathogenetic conditions in human beings and other animals.

Keywords:
Erythrocyte morphometry; livestock; gender; age; altitude

Parameters		(a)	(l)	(w)	(p)	(h)	(f)	(r)	(s)
Goat	KPT	6.92	1.71	2.88	8.84	2.74	2.99	0.89	1.003
	DWR	7.97	1.57	3.27	9.96	3.05	3.38	0.88	1.001
	YZN	8.54	1.64	3.31	10.26	3.21	3.40	0.92	1.001
	Avg	7.81	1.64	3.16	9.69	3.00	3.26	0.89	1.002
Sheep	KPT	9.06	3.09	3.40	10.56	3.32	3.54	0.90	1.002
	DWR	9.60	3.17	3.48	10.84	3.42	3.64	0.90	1.002
	YZN	10.34	3.25	3.64	11.31	3.55	3.77	0.91	1.002
	Avg	9.67	3.17	3.51	10.90	3.43	3.65	0.90	1.002
Cattle	KPT	16.98	4.91	4.64	14.58	4.63	4.81	0.93	1.003
	DWR	18.41	4.71	4.87	15.16	4.78	5.01	0.93	1.002
	YZN	17.72	4.70	4.73	14.86	4.73	4.90	0.93	1.003
	Avg	17.71	4.77	4.75	14.87	4.71	4.91	0.93	1.003
Buffalo	KPT	16.60	4.30	4.60	14.40	4.60	4.80	0.92	1.003
	DWR	16.10	4.30	4.50	14.20	4.50	4.70	0.91	1.004
	YZN	16.50	4.20	4.50	14.40	4.60	4.80	0.91	1.004
	Avg	16.40	4.30	4.60	14.30	4.60	4.80	0.91	1.003

Goat
Parameters	Male (M ± S.D) (N=50)	SEM	Female (M ± S.D) (N=50)	SEM
Area	7.583 ± 3.496	0.221	7.854 ± 3.350	0.212
Length	1.665 ± 0.551	0.035*	1.625 ± 0.607	0.038*
Width	3.095 ± 0.833	0.053*	3.159 ± 0.788	0.050*
Perimeter	9.503 ± 2.405	0.152	9.698 ± 2.305	0.146
Height	2.943 ± 0.773	0.049*	3.005 ± 0.749	0.047*
Ferret	3.206 ± 0.824	0.052*	3.256 ± 0.778	0.049*
Round	0.889 ± 0.093	0.00586**	0.896 ±0.090	0.00568**
Solidity	1.001 ± 0.007	0.00045***	1.002 ± 0.007	0.00041***
Sheep
Area	10.22 ± 3.21	0.203	9.044 ± 3.210	0.203
Length	3.32 ± 0.63	0.040*	3.003 ± 0.691	0.044*
Width	3.602 ± 0.640	0.040*	3.396 ± 0.620	0.039*
Perimeter	11.22 ± 1.769	0.112	10.538 ± 1.812	0.115
Height	3.54 ± 0.574	0.036*	3.303 ± 0.629	0.040*
Ferret	3.750 ± 0.588	0.037*	3.537 ± 0.587	0.037*
Round	0.907 ± 0.082	0.00521**	0.895 ± 0.082	0.00519**
Solidity	1.00 ± 0.004	0.00023***	1.002 ± 0.004	0.00028***
Cattle
Area	17.3 ± 3.8	0.2677188	18.2 ± 2.9	0.02030829*
Length	4.8 ± 0.5	0.0327902*	4.7 ± 0.5	0.0351429*
Width	4.7 ± 0.6	0.0413724*	4.8 ± 0.4	0.0302496*
Perimeter	14.7 ± 1.6	0.11118029	15.1 ± 1.2	0.00857117**
Height	4.6 ± 0.5	0.034929*	4.8 ± 0.5	0.0333956*
Ferret	4.8 ± 0.5	0.038851*	5.0 ± 0.4	0.0300304*
Round	0.9 ± 0.0	0.0035161**	0.9 ± 0.1	0.0039377**
Solidity	1.0 ± 0.0	0.00021841***	1.0 ± 0.0	0.0002123***
Buffalo
Area	16.50 ± 2.68	0.19	16.35 ± 3.08	0.218
Length	4.40± 0.52	0.037*	4.29 ± 0.54	0.038*
Width	4.60 ± 0.50	0.036*	4.53 ± 0.50	0.035*
Perimeter	14.40 ± 1.17	0.083*	14.29 ± 1.36	0.097*
Height	4.60 ± 0.45	0.032*	4.56 ± 0.51	0.037*
Ferret	4.81 ± 0.47	0.034*	4.74 ± 0.49	0.035*
Round	0.928 ± 0.0716	0.0051**	0.918 ± 0.06	0.004725**
Solidity	1.0033 ± 0.0034	0.000244***	1.0031 ± 0.00	0.000249***

Goat
Parameters	Young (M ± S.D) (N=50)	SEM	Adult (M ± S.D) (N=50)	SEM
(a)	8.358 ± 3.846	0.243	7.079 ± 2.804	0.177
(l)	1.604 ± 0.619	0.039*	1.686 ± 0.536	0.034*
(w)	3.241 ± 0.878	0.056*	3.014 ± 0.720	0.046*
(p)	9.937 ± 2.624	0.166	9.264 ± 2.001	0.127
(h)	3.078 ± 0.850	0.054*	2.870 ± 0.645	0.041*
(f)	3.328 ± 0.886	0.056*	3.134 ± 0.693	0.044*
(r)	0.903 ± 0.085	0.00539**	0.882 ± 0.096	0.00607**
(s)	1.003 ± 0.007	0.00045***	1.001 ± 0.006	0.00040***
Sheep
(a)	10.259 ± 3.208	0.203	9.013 ± 3.204	0.203
(l)	3.248 ± 0.687	0.043*	3.083 ± 0.671	0.042*
(w)	3.592 ± 0.649	0.041*	3.406 ± 0.614	0.039*
(p)	11.244 ± 1.773	0.112	10.519 ± 1.801	0.114
(h)	3.563 ± 0.570	0.036*	3.282 ± 0.624	0.039*
(f)	3.760 ± 0.597	0.038*	3.528 ± 0.575	0.036*
(r)	0.906 ± 0.082	0.00517**	0.896 ± 0.083	0.00524**
(s)	1.002 ± 0.004	0.00023***	1.002 ± 0.004	0.00028***
Cattle
(a)	17.6 ± 3.4	0.2319339	18.0 ± 3.3	0.2473514
(l)	4.8 ± 0.5	0.034135*	4.7 ± 0.4	0.0331501*
(w)	4.7 ± 0.4	0.033437*	4.8 ± 0.5	0.0393556*
(p)	14.8 ± 1.4	0.096236*	15.0 ± 1.4	0.1046301
(h)	4.7 ± 0.4	0.033503*	4.7 ± 0.4	0.0367096*
(f)	4.9 ± 0.4	0.032709*	5.0 ± 0.5	0.0376437*
(r)	0.9 ± 0.0479	0.003231**	0.9 ± 0.04	0.0042907**
(s)	1.0 ± 0.0031	0.000209***	1.0 ± 0.0029	0.0002213***
Buffalo
(a)	16.3 ± 2.97	0.2101	16.6 ± 2.8	0.1983
(l)	4.2 ± 0.51	0.0367*	4.3 ± 0.038	0.0835*
(w)	4.5 ± 6.80	0.0369*	4.6 ± 0.080	0.0340*
(p)	14.3 ± 1.32	0.0940*	14.4 ± 0.021	0.0864*
(h)	4.6 ± 0.51	0.0363*	4.6 ± 0.058	0.0324*
(f)	4.8 ± 0.50	0.0360*	4.8 ± 0.062	0.0327*
(r)	0.9 ± 0.0748	.0052**	0.9 ± .632	0.0044**
(s)	1.0 ± 0.00343	.000243***	1.0 ± .0349	0.000246***

Goat
Regions	Gender	Age	N	Samples	(a)	(l)	(w)	(p)	(h)	(f)	(r)	(s)
KPT	Male	Young	10	50	7.98	1.72	3.05	9.32	2.87	3.14	0.89	1.005
	Male	Adult	10	50	5.86	1.69	2.71	8.36	2.60	2.83	0.88	1.001
	Female	Young	10	50	7.98	1.69	3.05	9.32	2.87	3.14	0.89	1.005
	Female	Adult	10	50	5.86	1.72	2.71	8.36	2.60	2.83	0.88	1.001
DWR	Male	Young	10	50	7.38	1.48	3.14	9.60	2.96	3.26	0.88	1.001
	Male	Adult	5	25	9.20	2.07	3.56	10.72	3.25	3.66	0.87	1.002
	Female	Young	5	25	8.40	1.38	3.27	10.24	3.24	3.41	0.91	1.002
	Female	Adult	10	50	7.72	1.51	3.27	9.80	2.95	3.36	0.86	1.001
YZN	Male	Young	5	25	10.17	1.43	3.74	11.31	3.46	3.78	0.91	1.002
	Male	Adult	10	50	7.01	1.69	2.93	9.22	2.94	3.08	0.91	0.999
	Female	Young	10	50	9.16	1.72	3.45	10.68	3.34	3.51	0.94	1.002
	Female	Adult	5	25	8.70	1.57	3.36	10.43	3.27	3.46	0.92	1.001
Total			100	500	7.95	1.64	3.19	9.78	3.03	3.29	0.89	1.002
Sheep
KPT	Male	Young	10	50	8.73	2.98	3.32	10.39	3.30	3.51	0.89	1.001
		Adult	5	25	7.92	3.03	3.27	9.98	3.07	3.35	0.90	1.000
	Female	Young	10	50	11.85	3.55	3.84	12.11	3.86	3.99	0.93	1.003
		Adult	10	50	7.17	2.77	3.10	9.46	2.91	3.22	0.87	1.002
DWR	Male	Young	10	50	9.15	3.19	3.36	10.56	3.37	3.56	0.89	1.001
		Adult	10	50	12.29	3.74	3.95	12.38	3.92	4.08	0.93	1.003
	Female	Young	5	25	11.17	3.35	3.84	11.79	3.66	3.95	0.90	1.004
		Adult	10	50	6.58	2.50	2.94	9.11	2.85	3.11	0.87	1.001
YZN	Male	Young	5	25	10.72	3.19	3.77	11.58	3.59	3.90	0.89	1.001
		Adult	10	50	11.64	3.63	3.86	12.02	3.78	3.98	0.92	1.002
	Female	Young	10	50	10.61	3.26	3.64	11.47	3.66	3.81	0.92	1.003
		Adult	5	25	6.84	2.52	3.07	9.30	2.83	3.16	0.88	1.002
Total			100	500	9.56	3.14	3.50	10.85	3.40	3.63	0.90	1.002
Cattle
KPT	Male	Young	6	30	16.21	4.85	4.53	14.26	4.54	4.65	0.95	1.003
		Adult	4	20	16.38	4.91	4.62	14.32	4.49	4.73	0.92	1.001
	Female	Young	6	30	16.87	4.86	4.58	14.53	4.67	4.79	0.93	1.003
		Adult	4	20	18.91	5.08	4.93	15.42	4.87	5.15	0.91	1.003
DWR	Male	Young	6	30	18.51	4.79	4.83	15.15	4.80	4.97	0.94	1.002
		Adult	6	30	18.35	4.71	4.96	15.11	4.65	5.00	0.93	1.003
	Female	Young	6	30	17.78	4.70	4.79	14.91	4.70	4.93	0.93	1.001
		Adult	8	40	18.86	4.66	4.88	15.41	4.91	5.12	0.92	1.003
YZN	Male	Young	10	50	17.85	5.01	4.76	14.91	4.73	4.92	0.93	1.003
		Adult	8	40	16.12	4.48	4.61	14.17	4.41	4.72	0.92	1.002
	Female	Young	10	50	17.75	4.59	4.70	14.88	4.76	4.90	0.93	1.002
		Adult	6	30	19.61	4.65	4.90	15.68	5.08	5.12	0.95	1.002
Total			80	400	17.77	4.77	4.76	14.90	4.72	4.92	0.93	1.003
Buffalo
KPT	Male	Young	6	30	17.24	4.25	4.68	14.76	4.69	4.99	0.89	1.003
		Adult	6	30	17.12	4.48	4.69	14.65	4.63	4.90	0.91	1.002
	Female	Young	6	30	16.60	4.32	4.53	14.38	4.62	4.70	0.95	1.005
		Adult	6	30	15.54	4.22	4.52	13.98	4.37	4.62	0.93	1.000
DWR	Male	Young	4	20	17.59	4.43	4.74	14.87	4.71	5.02	0.89	1.003
		Adult	6	30	16.10	4.34	4.52	14.20	4.52	4.71	0.92	1.003
	Female	Young	4	20	15.30	3.94	4.42	13.81	4.36	4.62	0.90	1.004
		Adult	6	30	15.79	4.30	4.48	14.06	4.46	4.68	0.91	1.005
YZN	Male	Young	10	50	15.68	4.13	4.35	14.03	4.57	4.69	0.91	1.004
		Adult	8	40	16.47	4.06	4.59	14.38	4.56	4.76	0.93	1.004
	Female	Young	10	50	16.16	4.26	4.48	14.22	4.56	4.74	0.91	1.004
		Adult	8	40	17.98	4.53	4.72	15.00	4.82	5.01	0.91	1.004
Total			80	400	16.47	4.27	4.56	14.36	4.57	4.78	0.91	1.003

Parameters	Species	Avg	Min	Max	S. D	SEM	Range	Median	Sum	Mean
(a)	Goat	7.719	1.180	18.100	3.426	0.153	16.920	7.784	3859.369	7.719
	Sheep	9.636	4.620	20.980	3.266	0.146	16.360	8.813	4817.968	9.636
	Cattle	17.763	8.754	30.620	3.394	0.170	21.866	17.640	7105.084	17.763
	Buffalo	16.449	9.418	26.980	2.893	0.145	17.562	16.310	6579.622	16.449
(l)	Goat	1.645	0.567	2.511	0.580	0.026	1.944	1.556	822.540	1.645
	Sheep	3.165	1.939	5.343	0.684	0.031	3.404	3.033	1582.748	3.165
	Cattle	4.755	3.220	6.661	0.482	0.024	3.441	4.868	1902.064	4.755
	Buffalo	4.270	2.677	5.906	0.535	0.027	3.229	4.248	1708.005	4.270
(w)	Goat	3.127	1.090	4.920	0.811	0.036	3.830	3.272	1563.634	3.127
	Sheep	3.499	2.065	5.710	0.639	0.029	3.645	3.523	1749.540	3.499
	Cattle	4.753	3.402	6.682	0.514	0.026	3.280	4.738	1901.250	4.753
	Buffalo	4.548	3.280	6.804	0.504	0.025	3.524	4.495	1819.361	4.548
(p)	Goat	9.600	3.830	15.100	2.358	0.105	11.270	9.950	4800.065	9.600
	Sheep	10.882	7.653	16.220	1.823	0.082	8.567	10.630	5440.793	10.882
	Cattle	14.891	10.500	19.680	1.421	0.071	9.180	14.900	5956.480	14.891
	Buffalo	14.355	10.880	18.710	1.278	0.064	7.830	14.380	5742.130	14.355
(h)	Goat	2.974	1.220	4.980	0.762	0.034	3.760	3.040	1487.009	2.974
	Sheep	3.422	2.187	5.224	0.614	0.027	3.037	3.280	1711.140	3.422
	Cattle	4.721	3.280	6.561	0.495	0.025	3.281	4.738	1888.280	4.721
	Buffalo	4.582	3.159	6.439	0.487	0.024	3.280	4.617	1832.616	4.582
(f)	Goat	3.231	1.340	4.980	0.802	0.036	3.640	3.280	1615.357	3.231
	Sheep	3.644	2.551	5.710	0.597	0.027	3.159	3.523	1821.793	3.644
	Cattle	4.914	3.402	6.682	0.497	0.025	3.280	4.860	1965.633	4.914
	Buffalo	4.780	3.523	6.804	0.487	0.024	3.281	4.738	1912.012	4.780
(r)	Goat	0.893	0.539	1.000	0.091	0.004	0.461	0.917	446.289	0.893
	Sheep	0.901	0.576	1.000	0.082	0.004	0.424	0.917	450.413	0.901
	Cattle	0.930	0.739	1.000	0.053	0.003	0.261	0.934	371.849	0.930
	Buffalo	0.914	0.670	1.000	0.069	0.003	0.330	0.930	365.454	0.914
(s)	Goat	1.002	0.976	1.050	0.007	0.000	0.074	1.000	500.840	1.002
	Sheep	1.002	0.989	1.020	0.004	0.000	0.032	1.001	500.910	1.002
	Cattle	1.003	0.996	1.012	0.003	0.000	0.016	1.002	401.026	1.003
	Buffalo	1.003	0.995	1.013	0.003	0.000	0.018	1.003	401.374	1.003

Reference values of livestock (Goat, Sheep, Cattle, and Buffalo)
Parameter of size	Goat	Sheep	Cattle	Buffalo
(a)	7.81	9.67	17.76	16.45
(l)	1.64	3.17	4.76	4.27
(w)	3.16	3.51	4.75	4.55
(p)	9.69	10.90	14.89	14.36
(h)	3.00	3.43	4.72	4.58
(f)	3.26	3.65	4.91	4.78
(r)	0.89	0.90	0.93	0.91
(s)	1.002	1.002	1.003	1.003

Species	Shape of Erythrocytes	Roundness	Solidity
Goat	Tear drop, spindle shape, acanthocytes discoid with central pallor, disc with no central pallor	0.893	1.002
Sheep	Acanthocytes, disc with central pallor, disc with no central pallor, crenated (echinocytes)	0.901	1.002
Cattle	Crenated (echinocytes) with central pallor biconcave,	0.93	1.003
Buffalo	Biconcave with no central pallor	0.914	1.003

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária Caixa Postal 567, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte MG - Brazil, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2041, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2042 - Belo Horizonte - MG - Brazil
E-mail: abmvz.artigo@gmail.com

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[1] Corresponding Author: sp18s4pb002@iub.edu.pk