Effect of increasing levels of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins on improving performance and plasma vitamin concentration in modern hybrids pig’s growth and finishing phase

Dalólio, F.S.; Oliveira, J.P.; Rostagno, H.S.; Albino, L.F.T.; Silva, C.C.; Lozano, C.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-12635

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Animal Science • Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 75 (2) • Mar-Apr 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-12635 copy

Effect of increasing levels of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins on improving performance and plasma vitamin concentration in modern hybrids pig’s growth and finishing phase

[Efeito do aumento dos níveis de vitaminas lipossolúveis e hidrossolúveis na melhoria do desempenho e na concentração plasmática de vitaminas em suínos híbridos modernos nas fases de crescimento e terminação]

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The objective was to evaluate the supplementation of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins on the performance and plasma concentrations of vitamins in modern hybrids pigs. A total of 144 commercial hybrid castrated male, 43.531 ± 1.099kg, were used in a randomized block design with six treatments, eight replicates and three animals per pen. The experimental treatments were different vitamin supplementation levels - 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125% of the recommended by Rostagno et al. (2011) for male pigs in growth I (40 to 50kg), growth II (50 to 70kg), and finishing I (70 to 90kg) phases. For growth phases I and II, a linear effect (P<0.05) due to increase in vitamin supplementation was observed on performance. For finishing phase I and total phase, a linear effect (P<0.05) was observed with increased final average weight (FAW) and improved feed conversion ratio (FCR). For average daily weight gain (ADWG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) a quadratic effect was observed (P<0.05). A linear (P<0.05) increase in plasmatic α-tocopherol and B₁₂ was observed with the 125%. Thus, it is concluded that the 125% vitamin supplementation improved performance of modern hybrids pigs (40 to 90kg).

Keywords:
feed efficiency; micronutrients; requirements of vitamin; swine

Phase		Growth I and II		Finishing I
Age (kg)		30-50 kg	50-70 kg	70-100 kg
Vitamin A	UI	5500	4840	4125
Vitamin D₃	UI	1200	1056	900
Vitamin E	UI	32.000	28.200	24.000
Vitamin K₃	mg	2.400	2.110	1.800
Vitamin B₁	mg	0.800	0.700	0.600
Vitamin B₂	mg	2.500	2.200	1.880
Nicotinic Acid	mg	24.000	21.000	18.000
Pantothenic Acid	mg	12.000	10.600	9.000
Vitamin B₆	mg	1.600	1.410	1.200
Vitamin B₁₂	mg	0.016	0.014	0.012
Biotin	mg	0.080	0.070	0.060
Choline	mg	160.000	141.000	120.000
Folic Acid	mg	0.240	0.211	0.180

Ingredients	Experimental Phases
Ingredients	Growth I (40 to 50 kg)	Growth II (50 to 70 kg)	Finishing (70 to 90 kg)
Corn	71.985	75.990	79.050
Soybean meal, 45%	24.050	20.361	17.596
Soybean oil	1.000	1.000	1.000
Dicalcium phosphate	1.161	1.036	0.783
Calcite limestone	0.706	0.600	0.574
Starch	0.300	0.300	0.300
Mineral mix¹	0.100	0.088	0.075
Vitamin mix¹	0.000	0.000	0.000
Choline chloride¹	0.000	0.000	0.000
Salt	0.358	0.337	0.314
BHT	0.010	0.010	0.010
L-lysine-HCl 78%	0.245	0.232	0.238
DL-methionine 99%	0.034	0.008	0.011
L-Threonine 98,5%	0.053	0.037	0.050
ME (Mcal/kg)	3257.4	3273.30	3288.8
CP (%)	16.82	15.43	14.438
Dig. lysine, %	0.927	0.834	0.777
Dig. met + Cys, %	0.547	0.494	0.475
Dig. methionine, %	0.290	0.250	0.241
Dig. threonine, %	0.603	0.542	0.521
Dig. valine, %	0.690	0.636	0.596
Dig. tryptophan, %	0.174	0.155	0.140
Dig. histidine, %	0.428	0.398	0.375
Dig. leucine, %	1.435	1.358	1.301
Dig. isoleucine, %	0.632	0.573	0.528
Dig. phenylalanine, %	0.758	0.697	0.650
Total Ca, %	0.630	0.552	0.474
Available P, %	0.311	0.282	0.231

40-50 kg	Vitamin supplementation levels (%)						CV (%)	P value
40-50 kg	0	25	50	75	100	125		L	Q
FAW¹, kg	53.185	53.862	53.590	54.350	54.036	54.877	1.48	0.0002	0.8022
ADFI², kg	2.214	2.230	2.187	2.235	2.197	2.257	4.30	0.5687	0.4345
ADWG³, kg	0.882	0.940	0.964	0.979	0.955	1.028	6.76	0.0002	0.0990
FCR⁴, kg/kg	2.509	2.370	2.280	2.289	2.305	2.195	4.93	<0.0001	0.1358
50-70 kg
FAW¹, kg	67.410	69.243	68.817	69.627	69.352	70.132	2.43	<0.0001	0.3987
ADFI², kg	2.548	2.621	2.606	2.612	2.603	2.575	4.11	0.7799	0.1738
ADWG³, kg	0.948	1.025	1.015	1.018	1.021	1.045	8.58	0.0712	0.4613
FCR⁴, kg/kg	2.701	2.575	2.570	2.582	2.553	2.470	5.99	0.0120	0.8184
40-70 kg
ADFI², kg	2.381	2.425	2.396	2.423	2.400	2.416	3.40	0.6060	0.6587
ADWG³, kg	0.915	0.982	0.989	0.998	0.989	1.037	6.40	0.0017	0.4299
FCR⁴, kg/kg	2.604	2.474	2.424	2.435	2.432	2.332	4.27	<0.0001	0.3269

70-90 kg	Vitamin supplementation levels (%)						CV (%)	P value
70-90 kg	0	25	50	75	100	125		L	Q
FAW¹, kg	86.189	92.047	93.045	93.826	93.045	95.822	3.37	<0.0001	0.0133
ADFI², kg	2.777	3.259	3.247	3.291	3.214	3.252	4.34	<0.0001	<0.0001
ADWG³, kg	0.894	1.085	1.153	1.152	1.128	1.223	6.65	<0.0001	0.0011
FCR⁴, kg/kg	3.120	3,006	2,817	2,859	2,866	2,658	6.36	<0.0001	0.6037
40-90 kg
FAW¹, kg	86.189	92.047	93.045	93.826	93.045	95.822	2.89	<0.0001	0.0133
ADFI², kg	2.513	2.703	2.680	2.713	2.671	2.695	2.93	0.0008	0.0010
ADWG³, kg	0.908	1.017	1.044	1.050	1.035	1.099	5.46	<0.0001	0.0376
FCR⁴, kg/kg	2.772	2.661	2.568	2.589	2.584	2.453	4.04	<0.0001	0.4688

	Vitamin supplementation levels (%)						CV (%)	P value
	0	25	50	75	100	125		L	Q
α-tocopherol¹, µg/mL	0.813	1.075	1.138	1.155	1.775	1.998	20.43	<0.0001	0.0612
Vit. B₁₂ ², pg/mL	50.250	53.880	61.630	73.880	84.500	92.630	18.29	<0.0001	0.0928

Variables	Regression Equations	RMSE	SEM	r² (%)
Growth I, 40-50 kg
FAW¹	Y = 0.011136x + 53.287560	0.0641	0.283	77.79
ADWG³	Y = 0.000906x + 0.901863	0.0004	0.023	77.82
FCR⁴	Y = -0.002013x + 2.450804	0.0020	0.040	78.02
Growth II, 50-70 kg
FAW¹	Y = 0.016852 + 68.043899	0.2092	0.594	71.19
FCR⁴	Y = -0.001382x + 2.661685	0.0011	0.054	75.92
Growth I and II, 40-70 kg
ADWG³	Y = 0.000726x + 0.940089	0.0003	0.022	73.74
FCR⁴	Y = -0.001683x + 2.555458	0.0014	0.037	78.54
Finishing I, 70-90 kg
FAW¹	Y = 0.059362x + 88.619375	1.4978	0.942	72.38
FAW¹	Y = -0.000643x² + 0.139791x + 87.278884	1.4444	0.942	83.72
ADFI²	Y = 0.002614x + 3.010542	0.0195	0.049	39.01
ADFI²	Y = -0.000071x² + 0.011472x + 2.862915	0.0072	0.049	77.22
ADWG³	Y = 0.002023x + 0.979887	0.0042	0.026	70.06
ADWG³	Y = -0.000024x² + 0.005060x + 0.929277	0.0023	0.026	83.53
FCR⁴	Y = -0.003076x + 3.080494	0.0039	0.064	81.26
Total experimental period, 40-90 kg
FAW¹	Y = 0.059362 + 88.619375	2.4511	0.942	72.38
FAW¹	Y = -0.000643x² + 0.139791x + 87.278884	1.4448	0.942	83.72
ADFI²	Y = 0.000969x + 2.602280	0.0029	0.027	36.69
ADFI²	Y = -0.000026x² + 0.004201x + 2.548411	0.0013	0.027	71.53
ADWG³	Y = 0.001160x + 0.953292	0.0009	0.019	72.31
ADWG³	Y = -0.000011x² + 0.002562x + 0.929930	0.0006	0.019	81.32
FCR⁴	Y = -0.002065x + 2.733637	0.0016	0.037	82.93

		Phase (kg body weight)
Vitamins		40-50 kg	50-70 kg	40-90 kg
Vitamin A	UI	6875.000	6050.000	6027.083
Vitamin D₃	UI	1500.00	1320.000	1315.000
Vitamin E	UI	40.000	35.250	35.083
Vitamin K₃	mg	3.000	2.637	2.629
Vitamin B₁	mg	1.000	0.875	0.875
Vitamin B₂	mg	3.125	2.750	2.741
Nicotinic Acid	mg	30.000	26.250	26.250
Pantothenic Acid	mg	15.000	13.250	13.166
Vitamin B₆	mg	2.000	1.762	1.754
Vitamin B₁₂	mg	0.020	0.017	0.018
Biotin	mg	0.100	0.087	0.088
Choline	mg	200.000	176.250	175.416
Folic Acid	mg	0.300	0.264	0.262

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária Caixa Postal 567, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte MG - Brazil, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2041, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2042 - Belo Horizonte - MG - Brazil
E-mail: abmvz.artigo@gmail.com

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[1] Corresponding author: felipesantos181@hotmail.com