Clifford et al.(3)3 Clifford L, Sievers R, Salmon A, Newsom RS. Central retinal artery occlusion: association with patent foramen ovale. Eye (Lond). 2006; 20(6):736-8.
|
22/M |
CRAO |
OS |
NLP |
Smoker |
RAPD, attenuation, swollen disc, central retinal embolus |
Y |
+* |
--- |
--- |
B-scan, MRI, ECG, CD all WNL |
Mildly elevated homocysteine level otherwise all hematological and biochemical, autoimmune, prothrombotic and infections all negative |
Aspirin, folic acid. Planned for percutaneous closure |
Inatomi et al.(6)6 Inatomi Y, Hino H, Hashimoto Y, Furuyoshi N, Misumçi I, Uchino M. Transesophageal echocardiography for detection of cardiac diseases in patients with retinal artery occlusion. Intern Med. 2001; 40(6):475-8.
|
78/F |
CRAO |
NS |
NS |
HTN |
NS |
Y |
- |
Y |
+ |
NS |
NS |
NS |
Ho et al.(7)7 Ho IV, Spaide R. Central retinal artery occlusion associated with a patent foramen ovale. Retina. 2007;27(2):259-60.
|
15/M |
CRAOΓ |
OS |
20/60 |
Fractured clavicle |
RAPD, inner retinal ischemic whitening with fovea sparing |
Y |
- |
Y |
+ |
Carotid Doppler, otherwise, NS |
NS |
Referred for surgery |
Gabrielian et al.(8)8 Gabrielian A, Mieler WF, Hariprasad SM. Retinal artery occlusion associated with a patent foramen ovale. Eye (Lond). 2010; 24(2):396-7.
|
17/M |
CRAO |
OD |
HM |
none |
Cherry red spot |
Y |
- |
Y |
+ |
NS |
Hematological and infectious workup negative. |
Percutaneous closure |
Nakagawa et al.(9)9 Nakagawa T, Hirata A, Inoue N, Hashimoto Y, Tanihara H. A case of bilateral central retinal artery obstruction with patent foramen ovale. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2004;82(1):111-2.
|
43/F |
CRAO |
OU |
4/200Ω |
HTN |
Cherry red spot and delayed AV transit time on FFA |
Y |
- |
Y |
+ |
MRI/MRA, CD |
Routine blood work as well as ANA, anti dsDNA, lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin, antithrombin III, alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor, protein S and protein C |
Anticoagulantnot specified |
Hayashi et al.(10)10 Hayashi K, Iguchi Y, Kimura K, Shibazaki K, Kobayashi K, Inoue T. Paradoxical brain embolism as a cause of central retinal artery occlusion: a case report. J Neuroimaging. 2007;17(3):255-7.
|
79/F |
CRAO |
OS |
LP |
HTN |
Delayed arterial filling |
Y |
- |
Y |
+ |
Transcranial Doppler - right to left shunt. MRI -hyperintense lesion in the left MCA. Cerebral angiography-mild atherosclerotic changes in the left dICA without atherosclerotic changes in the ophthalmic artery or pICA. LE doppler- left peroneal vein with massive thrombus, ECG -WNL |
D-dimer and antithrombin III elevated |
Warfarin |
Wieder et al (this report) |
43/M |
CRAO |
OD |
NLP |
HTN |
RAPD, pale optic nerve with a cherry red spot and diffuse box-carring blood flow in retinal vessels |
Y |
- |
Y |
+ |
MRI/MRA, CD, Holter monitor |
Elevated cholesterol, CBC, PT, PTT, HbA1c, urine toxicology, ESR, CRP, anti-cardiolipin, ANCA, ANA, homocysteine, VDRL, ACE, Protein C/S, lupus anticoagulant all negative |
Aspirin and statin. Referred for closure of persistent foramen ovale (PFO) |