Duration |
4 to 18 months of age(1717 Davis AR, Sloper JJ, Neveu MM, Hogg CR, Morgan MJ, Holder GE. Electrophysiological and psychophysical differences between early-and late-onset strabismic amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003;44(2):610-7.)
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18 months to 7 years of age(1717 Davis AR, Sloper JJ, Neveu MM, Hogg CR, Morgan MJ, Holder GE. Electrophysiological and psychophysical differences between early-and late-onset strabismic amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003;44(2):610-7.)
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Predominant mechanism in binocular connections |
Competition(2121 Sloper JJ. Edridge-Green Lecture: Competition and cooperation in visual development. Eye (Lond).1993;7(Pt 3):319-31.)
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Cooperation(2121 Sloper JJ. Edridge-Green Lecture: Competition and cooperation in visual development. Eye (Lond).1993;7(Pt 3):319-31.)
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Ocular dominance columns |
Under development(4646 LeVay S, Wiesel TN, Hubel DH. The development of ocular dominance columns in normal and visually deprived monkeys. J Comp Neurol. 1980;191(1):1-51.,6868 Hubel DH, Wiesel TN, LeVay S. Plasticity of ocular dominance columns in monkey striate cortex. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1977;278(961):377-409.)
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Already developed(4646 LeVay S, Wiesel TN, Hubel DH. The development of ocular dominance columns in normal and visually deprived monkeys. J Comp Neurol. 1980;191(1):1-51.,6868 Hubel DH, Wiesel TN, LeVay S. Plasticity of ocular dominance columns in monkey striate cortex. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1977;278(961):377-409.)
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Occlusion |
Hypertrophy of LGN cells of the non-occluded eye; shrinkage of LGN cells of the occluded eye(6969 Headon MP, Sloper JJ, Hiorns RW, Powell TP. Effects of monocular closure at different ages on deprived and undeprived cells in the primate lateral geniculate nucleus. Brain Res. 1985;350(1-2):57-78.
70 Headon M, Sloper JJ, Hiorns RW, Powell TP. Sizes of neurons in the primate lateral geniculate nucleus during normal development. Brain Res. 1985;350(1-2):51-6.-7171 O'Kusky J, Colonnier M. Postnatal changes in the number of neurons and synapses in the visual cortex (area 17) of the macaque monkey: a stereological analysis in normal and monocularly deprived animals. J Comp Neurol. 1982;210(3):291-306.)
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Selective shrinkage of cells in the parvocellular pathway in both non-occluded and occluded eyes. Normal size of the magnocellular cells(6969 Headon MP, Sloper JJ, Hiorns RW, Powell TP. Effects of monocular closure at different ages on deprived and undeprived cells in the primate lateral geniculate nucleus. Brain Res. 1985;350(1-2):57-78.
70 Headon M, Sloper JJ, Hiorns RW, Powell TP. Sizes of neurons in the primate lateral geniculate nucleus during normal development. Brain Res. 1985;350(1-2):51-6.-7171 O'Kusky J, Colonnier M. Postnatal changes in the number of neurons and synapses in the visual cortex (area 17) of the macaque monkey: a stereological analysis in normal and monocularly deprived animals. J Comp Neurol. 1982;210(3):291-306.)
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Functional impairment |
Parvocellular-related function is more diminished in both the amblyopic and fellow eyes of early and late onset(7272 Davis AR, Sloper JJ, Neveu MM, Hogg CR, Morgan MJ, Holder GE. Differential changes of magnocellular and parvocellular visual function in early- and late-onset strabismic amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47(11):4836-41.)
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Parvocellular-related function is more diminished in the amblyopic eye of late-onset subjects(7272 Davis AR, Sloper JJ, Neveu MM, Hogg CR, Morgan MJ, Holder GE. Differential changes of magnocellular and parvocellular visual function in early- and late-onset strabismic amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2006;47(11):4836-41.)
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