| 0-1 month |
1st week: Eyes have a dissociated reaction in response to light stimuli.
2nd week: Eyes are directed to light stimuli but cannot hold in this position.
3rd week: There is perception of contrast, with little following.
4th week: There is fixed outline to visual stimuli with larger objects ≥10 cm in diameter. Presents visual following of bright stimuli and close objects at a distance of approximately 40 cm. |
| (0-28 days) |
| 1-3 months |
Optical nerve fiber myelination; foveal maturation; pupillary reaction; visual response to light focus; eyelid reflection; answer to figures in light and dark contrasts; eye-eye contact; eye movement development; fixation and tracking of human faces; people recognition; facial expression imitation; visual tracking for objects and animals with horizontal preference; look and head movement at 180°: vergency, persecutory reflection, fixation reflex, and fusion reflex; and moving hands toward interesting objects. |
| (1-2 months and 29 days) |
| 3-6 months |
Optical nerve favoring the visual cortex synapse, resulting in vision alertness, fixation, and functional coordination for stimuli; eyelid reflection, visual-motor reflection, discriminant perception of colors, plays with the hands in front of the eyes, fixes and follows objects with the eyes, and follows and searches for offered objects; recognizes image when looking in the mirror, recognizes and follows distant objects from approximately 1.20 to 1.80 meters, and answers to smiles; ability to move eyes quickly searching for people, animals, and objects; cervical control favors visual responses, following objects offered in a vertical direction; and begins accommodation reflex, binocular vision, and voluntary control of eye movements. |
| (3-5 months and 29 days) |
| 6-10 months |
Depth and tridimensional vision, stereopsis (developed binocular vision and sensitivity to contrasts); gets around avoiding obstacles ahead; searches, handles, and visually explores small objects, watching them closely; and recognizes people, accepting or rejecting them. |
| (6-9 months and 29 days) |
| 10 months-1 year and 4 months |
Optic nerve myelination is complete. Voluntary control of eye movements, focusing and fixing on objects and on people close and of interest. Perception and discrimination of light, dark, and colors. Maintains good eye contact and presents good social interaction with people, animals, and objects. |
| (10 months-1 year, 3 months and 29 days) |
| 1 year and 4 months-2 years |
Voluntary control of eye movements, focusing and fixing on objects and people at different distances. Perception and discrimination of light, dark, shapes, colors, different sizes of objects, people, and animals. Maintains good eye contact, presents good social interaction with people, animals, objects, and various environments. Recognizes and names people, animals, and familiar objects. Ability to track people, animals, and objects in fast movements. Has insight into similarities and differences. Stands and moves toward people, animals, and objects of interest. |
| (1 year, 4 months-1 year, 11 months and 29 days) |
| 2-4 years |
Good visual-motor perception and coordination, identifies details in two- and three-dimensional figures and objects. Good body-space sense, understands symbols. Diversity of sensorimotor activities. Ability to follow quick visual stimuli. Full development of visual accommodation. Discrimination and nomination of colors. Notices similarities and differences, figures, and symbols details. Identifies and names figures.
Observation: In this period, the child's vision is similar to that of an adult's, except for cognitive proportions and visual experiences. |
| (2-3 years, 11 months and 29 days) |
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| 4-6 years |
Complete binocular vision. Good notion of figure, depth and background and good understanding of symbols. Observes details of colored pictures, recognizing them as equals, similar, or different. Full capacity of imitating people and animals.
Discriminatory vision. Full capacity for spatial perception and location of children and other people, animals, and objects presented at diverse distances. Acquired visual repertory memory. |
| (4-5 years, 11 months and 29 days) |
Visual development in children aged 0 to 6 years