ABSTRACT
Purpose:
To translate and validate a questionnaire that evaluates the theoretical knowledge regarding fundus examination.
Methods:
A 60-item multiple-choice English questionnaire that investigates various aspects of knowledge regarding fundus examination was translated into Portuguese. The process involved translation, back-translation, and evaluation by an expert committee. The resulting questionnaire was applied to final-year medical students and ophthalmology residents. Each included subject answered the questionnaire twice, with an interval of one week between each application. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability, and percentage agreement were calculated.
Results:
Thirty participants were included (25 medical students and 5 ophthalmology residents). The pass-fail cutoff was calculated at 46, the theoretical false positives were 8.7% and the theoretical false negatives were 2.8%. The observed false positive and false negative rates were 0%. Among the 60 items, test-retest reliability was strong in 17 items, which one had a negative correlation, moderate in 14 items, which one had a negative correlation, and weak in 29 items; inter-rater reliability of 34 items was under 0.4, 17 items were between 0.4 and 0.6, and 8 items were above 0.6. One item had a negative kappa. Among the percent agreement, 10 items were between 40%-60% agreement, 50 were above 60% agreement, and 18 were above 80%. Cronbach’s alpha was calculated as 0.674.
Conclusions:
The translated questionnaire provided a standard instrument for future research and interventions to improve medical education in ophthalmology.
Keywords:
Questionnaire and surveys; Translating; Fundus oculi
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