ARTISTIC:
Significant elements in volume, texture and colour, such as ornaments, installation and artistically represented natural elements. |
Natural elements in various media (paintings, TV, photographs, projections, etc.) |
Micro-restorative properties of attention and stress reduction; relaxation; positive emotions (IYENDO; UWAJEH; IKENNA, 2016; JOYE; VAN DEN BERG, 2012; LANKSTON et al., 2010). |
Art (artistic ornaments such as paintings, photographs, sculptures, etc.) |
Attention restoration and stress reduction, promotion of relaxation, positive emotions (GRESSLER; GUNTER, 2013; IYENDO; UWAJEH; IKENNA, 2016; LANKSTON et al., 2010; SHEPLEY; PASHA, 2013; ULRICH, 1991). |
AUDITORY:
Presence of sound and/or silence in environments. |
Sounds (soft music, natural sounds) |
Distraction, relaxation, reduction of psychological and physiological stress (IYENDO; UWAJEH; IKENNA, 2016; SCHWEITZER; GILPIN; FRAMPTON, 2004; THOMSON; PETTICREW, 2005; ULRICH et al., 2004; VAN DEN BERG, 2005). |
Silence (noise reduction) |
Improvement of inpatient sleep quality; emotional stress reduction; reduction of pain medication (IYENDO; UWAJEH; IKENNA, 2016; SCHWEITZER; GILPIN; FRAMPTON, 2004; SHEPLEY; PASHA, 2013; ULRICH, 2000; 2004). |
BIOLOGICAL:
Factors or elements that aim to guarantee the user's safety eliminating any toxicological or contaminating factor. |
Elimination of environmentally toxic or contaminating factors |
Safety, intoxication and/or contamination prevention (SCHWEITZER; GILPIN; FRAMPTON, 2004; SHRAIKY, 2011; THOMSON; PETTICREW, 2005; ULRICH et al., 2004). |
Hygiene and maintenance practicality |
Safety, sanitation (IYENDO; UWAJEH; IKENNA, 2016; SCHWEITZER; GILPIN; FRAMPTON, 2004; SHEPLEY; PASHA, 2013; THOMSON; PETTICREW, 2005). |
Equipment (control of biological indexes, etc.) |
Safety (SHEPLEY; PASHA, 2013). |
LUMINOUS AND HYGROTHERMAL COMFORT:
Natural resources and artificial ventilation and lighting, temperature control and environmental humidity. |
Natural lighting (controllable with blinds, curtains and brise-soleil) |
Visual and psychological comfort; safety in clinical procedures (IYENDO; UWAJEH; IKENNA, 2016; SHEPLEY; PASHA, 2013; ULRICH et al., 2004; VAN DEN BERG, 2005). |
Artificial lighting (automatically controlled, dimmer and direction control) |
Visual comfort; safety in clinical procedures (SHEPLEY; PASHA, 2013; SHRAIKY, 2011; ULRICH et al., 2004). |
Natural ventilation (controllable with screens and fenestration) |
Thermal and psychological comfort, air quality (IYENDO; UWAJEH; IKENNA, 2016; THOMSON; PETTICREW, 2005; ULRICH et al., 2004; VAN DEN BERG, 2005). |
Mechanical ventilation (automatically controlled) |
Thermal comfort, air quality (THOMSON; PETTICREW, 2005; ULRICH et al., 2004). |
SPATIAL:
Elements and attributes planned from the beginning of construction regarding architectural, constructive and functional aspects, as well as indoor layouts. |
Windows |
External views, natural lighting (SHEPLEY; PASHA, 2013; SHRAIKY, 2011; ULRICH et al., 2004). |
Colours |
Sense of tranquility/quietness, comfort, cosiness (IYENDO; UWAJEH; IKENNA, 2016; SHEPLEY; PASHA, 2013; SHRAIKY, 2011). |
Universal Design |
Safety, decrease in risk of falling and accidents; design that helps to access, understand and use an environment (THOMSON, PETTICREW, 2005). |
Tile finishing |
Sense of comfort, cosiness, hygiene, safety (risk of falling) (SHEPLEY; PASHA, 2013; THOMSON; PETTICREW, 2005; ULRICH et al., 2004). |
Layout |
Adequacy for specific activities (SHEPLEY; PASHA, 2013; SHRAIKY, 2011). |
Furniture |
Adequacy for specific activities (SHEPLEY; PASHA, 2013; SHRAIKY, 2011). |
Equipment (to help move around, etc.) |
Adequacy for specific activities, safety (SHEPLEY; PASHA, 2013). |
Adaptability and flexibility (spatial configuration liable to change) |
Layout adequacy, furniture and other elements regarding activities, to increase privacy, and space appropriation, etc.(SHEPLEY; PASHA, 2013; SHRAIKY, 2011; TISSOT, 2016). |
Presence of signs (wayfinding) |
Spatial autonomy (SHRAIKY, 2011; STERNBERG, 2009; ULRICH et al., 2004). |
Environment hierarchy (wayfinding) |
Help in understanding space layout (SHRAIKY, 2011; STERNBERG, 2009; ULRICH et al., 2004). |
NATURAL:
Presence of natural elements such as vegetation, water, animals, natural sounds, among others, in natural landscapes. |
Nature (vegetation, water, landscape and sounds) |
Attention restoration and stress reduction, leisure, positive distractions (GRESSLER; GÜNTER, 2013; IYENDO; UWAJEH; IKENNA, 2016; JOYE; VAN DEN BERG, 2012; KAPLAN, 1995; SHEPLEY; PASHA, 2013; SHRAIKY, 2011; ULRICH, 1991). |
View over nature |
Attention restoration and stress reduction (GRESSLER; GÜNTER, 2013; IYENDO; UWAJEH; IKENNA, 2016; SHEPLEY; PASHA, 2013; SHRAIKY, 2011; ULRICH, 1984, 1991; VAN DEN BERG, 2005). |
Gardens |
Attention restoration and stress reduction, leisure (IYENDO et al., 2016; JOYE; VAN DEN BERG, 2012; SHRAIKY, 2011; ULRICH, 1991; VAN DEN BERG, 2005). |
Natural elements inserted in artifacts (fountains, vegetation in fire in fireplace, fish in aquariums, etc.) |
Attention micro-restorative properties and stress reduction (JOYE; VAN DEN BERG, 2012; VAN DEN BERG, 2005). |
OLFACTORY: Scents |
Scents (pleasant or unpleasant) |
Relaxation; stress reduction and pain reduction perception (SCHWEITZER; GILPIN; FRAMPTON, 2004). |
PSYCHOLOGICAL:
Environment characteristics that allow user to reduce stress and anxiety level; also, the possibility to socialise with other environment users. |
Preference/ personal satisfaction |
Favourite environment, attachment to the place, invoking positive memories (GRESSLER; GÜNTER, 2013; THOMSON; PETTICREW, 2005). |
Sense of control and privacy/territoriality |
Control over personal circumstances; sound and television controls, etc.(IYENDO; UWAJEH; IKENNA, 2016; SHEPLEY; PASHA, 2013; ULRICH, 1991; ULRICH et al., 2004). |
Social support |
Space for socialisation and leisure (IYENDO et al., 2016; SHEPLEY; PASHA, 2013; ULRICH et al., 2004). |