Doppler velocimetry in fetal rats exposed to enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin (UFH) during pregnancy1

Senefonte, Flavio Renato de Almeida; Aydos, Ricardo Dutra; Oliveira, Vanessa Marcon de; Bósio, Marco Antonio Costa; Figueiró-Filho, Ernesto Antonio

doi:10.1590/s0102-865020170050000001

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Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira

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Original Articles, 1-Experimental Surgery • Acta Cir. Bras. 32 (5) • May 2017 • https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-865020170050000001 copy

Doppler velocimetry in fetal rats exposed to enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin (UFH) during pregnancy^¹ 1 Research performed at Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Department of Clinical Surgery, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande-MS, Brazil. Part of PhD degree thesis, Postgraduate Program in Health and Development of Midwestern Brazil. Tutor: Ernesto Antonio Figueiró-Filho.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Purpose:

To evaluate the effects of enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin (UFH) administered in prophylactic and therapeutic doses on fetal vessels in healthy pregnant Wistar rats, according to Doppler velocimetry measurements.

Methods:

Fifty animals were assigned to one of five groups: controls (saline), prophylactic and therapeutic enoxaparin (1 and 2 mg/kg/day, respectively), and prophylactic and therapeutic UFH (72 and 400 UI/kg/day, respectively). Uterine horns were examined by ultrasound for identification of live fetuses. A sample of these fetuses underwent Doppler velocimetry. Spectral curves, peak systolic velocity (PSV), pulsatility index (PI), and resistance index (RI) of the middle cerebral artery, ductus venosus, and umbilical artery were investigated. Differences were considered statistically significant when p<0.05.

Results:

No significant differences in PSV, PI, or RI values were observed among the groups.

Conclusion:

Doppler velocimetry measurements revealed no significant effects of enoxaparin or unfractionated heparin on fetal vessels in pregnant Wistar rats.

Key words:
Ultrasonography; Doppler; Middle Cerebral Artery; Uterine Artery; Heparin; Anticoagulants; Rats

Sociedade Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa em Cirurgia https://actacirbras.com.br/ - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: actacirbras@gmail.com

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[1] Correspondence: Flavio Renato de Almeida Senefonte Faculdade de Medicina Secretaria do Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento-UFMS Avenida Senador Felinto Muller, s/n 79070-900 Campo Grande - MS Brasil Tel.: (55 67)3345-7355 flaviosenefonte@gmail.com

Group	Fetuses per female (mean ± 1 SD)	Fetuses per right uterine horn (mean ± 1 SD)	Fetuses per left uterine horn (mean ± 1 SD)	p*
I: Control	12.82±2.34	6.32±0.24	6.18±0.37	-
II: Enoxaparin, prophylactic dose	11.98±1.78	6.05±0.41	5.98±0.23	ns
III: Enoxaparin, therapeutic dose	12.23±1.94	6.17±0.35	6.21±0.25	ns
IV: UFH, prophylactic dose	12.57±2.03	6.12±0.17	6.14±0.34	ns
V: UFH, therapeutic dose	12.34±1.56	6.25±0.14	6.08±0.18	ns

Group	Maternal weight gain (g; mean ± 1 SD)	p*	Fetal weight (g; mean ± 1 SD)	p*	Placental weight (g; mean ± 1 SD)	p*
I: Control	8.22±1.32	-	5.62±0.78	-	0.83±0.18	-
II: Enoxaparin, prophylactic dose	8.19±1.08	ns	6.01±0.24	ns	0.81±0.15	ns
III: Enoxaparin, therapeutic dose	7.92±1.51	ns	5.83±0.62	ns	0.83±0.22	ns
IV: UFH, prophylactic dose	8.27±1.25	ns	5.67±0.55	ns	0.84±0.17	ns
V: UFH, therapeutic dose	7.94±1.42	ns	5.72±0.81	ns	0.82±0.23	ns

Vessel	Index	Group					p*
		I	II	III	IV	V
		(n = 60)	(n = 60)	(n = 60)	(n = 60)	(n = 60)
MCA	PSV	6.32±1.25	7.05±1.34	6.14±1.15	6.95±1.22	6.27±1.47	ns
	RI	0.58±0.11	0.62±0.19	0.48±0.21	0.55±0.11	0.63±0.13	ns
	PI	1.62±0.35	1.83±0.39	1.45±0.28	1.71±0.38	1.74±0.27	ns
DV	PSV	10.3±1.74	11.3±1.52	15.1±3.43	12.3±1.65	11.3±1.67	ns
	RI	0.54±0.15	0.53±0.28	0.51±0.79	0.55±0.45	0.49±0.35	ns
	PI	1.23±0.45	1.28±0.31	1.24±0.42	1.18±0.39	1.27±0.47	ns
UA	PSV	10.7±3.41	10.2±3.63	11.5±3.58	9.8±3.78	11.4±2.91	ns
	RI	0.48±0.21	0.45±0.19	0.42±0.33	0.51±0.29	0.47±0.34	ns
	PI	1.42±0.68	1.34±0.55	1.45±0.72	1.47±0.81	1.79±0.11	ns

Uterine artery	Index	Group					p*
		I	II	III	IV	V
		(n = 10)	(n = 10)	(n = 10)	(n = 10)	(n = 10)
Right	PSV	10.3±1.74	11.3±1.52	15.1±3.43	12.3±1.65	11.3±1.67	ns
	RI	0.54±0.15	0.53±0.28	0.51±0.79	0.55±0.45	0.49±0.35	ns
	PI	1.23±0.45	1.28±0.31	1.24±0.42	1.18±0.39	1.27±0.47	ns
Left	PSV	10.3±1.74	11.3±1.52	15.1±3.43	12.3±1.65	11.3±1.67	ns
	RI	0.54±0.15	0.53±0.28	0.51±0.79	0.55±0.45	0.49±0.35	ns
	PI	1.23±0.45	1.28±0.31	1.24±0.42	1.18±0.39	1.27±0.47	ns