ABSTRACT
Purpose:
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease which is categorized via destruction of joint cartilage and it also affects the various joints, especially knees and hips. Sinomenine active phytoconstituents isolated from the stem of Sinomenium acutum and already proof anti-inflammatory effect against the arthritis model of rodent. In this experimental protocol, we scrutinized the anti-osteoarthritis effect of sinomenine against monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) induced OA in rats.
Methods:
MIA (3 mg/50 μL) was used for inducing the OA in the rats, and rats received the oral administration of sinomenine (2.5, 5 and 7.5 mg/kg body weight) up to the end of the experimental study (four weeks). The body and organs weight were estimated. Aggrecan, C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II), glycosaminoglycans (GCGs), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), antioxidant, inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) were analyzed.
Results:
Sinomenine significantly (P < 0.001) boosted the body weight and reduced the heart weight, but the weight of spleen and kidney remain unchanged. Sinomenine significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the level of nitric oxide, MCP-1 and improved the level of aggrecan, IFN-γ and GCGs. Sinomenine remarkably upregulated the level of glutathione, superoxide dismutase and suppressed the level of malonaldehyde. It effectually modulated the level of inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators and significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the level of MMPs, like MMP-1, 2, 3, 9 and 13.
Conclusions:
Sinomenine is a beneficial active agent for the treatment of OA disease.
Key words
Osteoarthritis; Inflammation; Sinomenine; Antioxidants; Matrix Metalloproteinases
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OA: osteoarthritis; SM: sinomenine; MIA: monosodium iodoacetate; SD: standard deviation; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 vs. MIA-induced OA group; ###P < 0.001 vs. normal control.
OA: osteoarthritis; SM: sinomenine; NO: nitric oxide; MIA: monosodium iodoacetate; SD: standard deviation; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 vs. MIA-induced OA group; ###P < 0.001 vs. normal control.
OA: osteoarthritis; SM: sinomenine; GAG: glycosaminoglycan; MIA: monosodium iodoacetate; SD: standard deviation; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 vs. MIA-induced OA group; ###P < 0.001 vs. normal control
OA: osteoarthritis; SM: sinomenine; IFN-γ: interferon gamma; MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MIA: monosodium iodoacetate; SD: standard deviation; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 vs. MIA-induced OA group; ###P < 0.001 vs. normal control.
OA: osteoarthritis; SM: sinomenine; GSH: glutathione; SOD: superoxide dismutase; MDA: malonaldehyde; MIA: monosodium iodoacetate; SD: standard deviation; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 vs. MIA-induced OA group; ###P < 0.001 vs. normal control.:
OA: osteoarthritis; SM: sinomenine; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; IL: interleukin; MIA: monosodium iodoacetate; SD: standard deviation; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 vs. MIA-induced OA group; ###P < 0.001 vs. normal control.
OA: osteoarthritis; SM: sinomenine; CTX-II: C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type II collagen; COX-2: cyclooxygenase-2; iNOS: inducible Nitric oxide synthase; MIA: monosodium iodoacetate; SD: standard deviation; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 vs. MIA-induced OA group; ###P < 0.001 vs. normal control.
OA: osteoarthritis; SM: sinomenine; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; MIA: monosodium iodoacetate; SD: standard deviation; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 vs. MIA-induced OA group; ###P < 0.001 vs. normal control.