Vagotomy associated with splenectomy reduces lipid accumulation and causes kidneys histological changes in rats with hypothalamic obesity

Medeiros, Kamila Aparecida; Siqueira, Bruna Schumaker; Urrutia, Marianela Andrea Díaz; Porto, Elaine Manoela; Grassiolli, Sabrina; Amorim, João Paulo de Arruda

doi:10.1590/ACB360205

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Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira

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Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Acta Cir. Bras. 36 (2) • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/ACB360205 copy

Vagotomy associated with splenectomy reduces lipid accumulation and causes kidneys histological changes in rats with hypothalamic obesity

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Purpose

To evaluate the influence of autonomic vagal and splenic activities on renal histomorphometric aspects in obese rats.

Methods

Thirty male Wistar rats were used, of which, 24 received subcutaneous injections of monosodium glutamate (MSG) during the first 5 days of life (4 g/kg body weight) and six control animals received injections of saline solution (CON). Five experimental groups were organized (n = 6/group): falsely-operated control (CON-FO); falsely-operated obese (MSG-FO); vagotomized obese (MSG-VAG); splenectomized obese (MSG-SPL); vagotomized and splenectomized obese (MSG-VAG-SPL).

Results

The MSG-FO group animals showed a significant reduction in body weight and nasal-anal length when compared to CON-FO group animals (p < 0.05). The MSG-VAG-SPL group showed significant reduced in most biometric parameters associated with obesity. Falsely-operated obese animals showed a significant reduction in renal weight, glomerular diameters, glomerular tuff and capsule areas and Bowman’s space compared to CON-FO group animals (p < 0.05). There was a significant reduction in diameter, glomerular tuft and capsule areas, and Bowman’s space in MSG-VAG, MSG-SPL, MSG-VAG-SPL groups when compared to the MSG-FO group.

Conclusions

Vagotomy associated with splenectomy induces a reduction in the adiposity and causes histological changes in the kidney of obese rats.

Key words
Monosodium Glutamate; Autonomic Nervous System; Spleen; Renal Structure

Parameters	CON-FO	MSG-FO	MSG-VAG	MSG-ESP	MSG-VAG-ESP
Body weight (g)	439.60 ± 6.41	294.00 ± 13.39^* * = p < 0.05 between the CON-FO and MSG-FO groups. Different lowercase letters a, b, c, d = p < 0.05, when comparing obese groups. a	292.00 ± 5.97a	306.80 ± 10.18ab	262.20 ± 3.60d
Nasal-anal length (cm)	23.25 ± 0.12	19.30 ± 0.27^* * = p < 0.05 between the CON-FO and MSG-FO groups. Different lowercase letters a, b, c, d = p < 0.05, when comparing obese groups. a	20.20 ± 0.30a	20.40 ± 0.24b	19.20 ± 0.20abd
Lee index	327.00 ± 1.49	343.79 ± 2.11^* * = p < 0.05 between the CON-FO and MSG-FO groups. Different lowercase letters a, b, c, d = p < 0.05, when comparing obese groups. a	328.78 ± 3.88b	330.37 ± 2.02bc	332.82 ± 3.47bcd
Retroperitoneal fat (g/100 g BW)	1.53 ± 0.10	1.70 ± 0.26^* * = p < 0.05 between the CON-FO and MSG-FO groups. Different lowercase letters a, b, c, d = p < 0.05, when comparing obese groups. a	0.68 ± 0.02b	0.95 ± 0.04c	0.74 ± 0.02bd
Perigonadal fat (g/100 g BW)	1.54 ± 0.07	2.5 ± 0.09^* * = p < 0.05 between the CON-FO and MSG-FO groups. Different lowercase letters a, b, c, d = p < 0.05, when comparing obese groups. a	1.93 ± 0.09b	2.75 ± 0.05ac	1.99 ± 0.05bd
Inguinal fat (g/100 g BW)	0.28 ± 0.03	0.59 ± 0.07^* * = p < 0.05 between the CON-FO and MSG-FO groups. Different lowercase letters a, b, c, d = p < 0.05, when comparing obese groups. a	0.84 ± 0.17b	0.57 ± 0.02ac	0.48 ± 0.10acd
Mesenteric fat (g/100 g BW)	0.99 ± 0.08	2.29 ± 0.17^* * = p < 0.05 between the CON-FO and MSG-FO groups. Different lowercase letters a, b, c, d = p < 0.05, when comparing obese groups. a	1.53 ± 0.18b	2.13 ± 0.11bc	1.48 ± 0.19d

Parameters	CON-FO	MSG-FO	MSG-VAG	MSG-ESP	MSG-VAG-ESP
Renal weight (g/100 g BW)	0.30 ± 0.009	0.23 ± 0.01^* * = p < 0.05 between the CON-FO and MSG-FO groups. Different lowercase letters a, b, c, d = p < 0.05, when comparing obese groups. a	1.88 ± 0.41b	0.23 ± 0.05ac	0.24 ± 0.01acd
Diameter of the glomerular tuft (μm)	119.98 ± 1.25	93.15 ± 0.82^* * = p < 0.05 between the CON-FO and MSG-FO groups. Different lowercase letters a, b, c, d = p < 0.05, when comparing obese groups. a	33.83 ± 0.42b	35.19 ± 0.37bc	34.2 ± 0.37bcd
Area of the glomerular tuft (μm²2 Eddy AA. Progression in Chronic Kidney Disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2005;12(4):353–65. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ackd.2005.07.011 https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ackd.2005.07.0... )	9176.39 ± 106.32	8081.42 ± 124.21^* * = p < 0.05 between the CON-FO and MSG-FO groups. Different lowercase letters a, b, c, d = p < 0.05, when comparing obese groups. a	869.10 ± 12.41b	917.96 ± 18.33bc	863.54 ± 15.25bcd
Bowman’s capsule area (μm²2 Eddy AA. Progression in Chronic Kidney Disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2005;12(4):353–65. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ackd.2005.07.011 https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ackd.2005.07.0... )	7517.01 ± 108.86	5620.90 ± 101.96^* * = p < 0.05 between the CON-FO and MSG-FO groups. Different lowercase letters a, b, c, d = p < 0.05, when comparing obese groups. a	637.30 ± 11.30b	672.48 ± 15.44bc	599.52 ± 12.20bcd
Bowman’s space area (μm²2 Eddy AA. Progression in Chronic Kidney Disease. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2005;12(4):353–65. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ackd.2005.07.011 https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ackd.2005.07.0... )	119.98 ± 1.25	93.15 ± 0.82^* * = p < 0.05 between the CON-FO and MSG-FO groups. Different lowercase letters a, b, c, d = p < 0.05, when comparing obese groups. a	33.83 ± 0.42b	35.19 ± 0.37bc	34.20 ± 0.37bcd

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[1] *Corresponding author: amorimjpa@yahoo.com.br | (55 45)3220-7402