Measurement of testicular volume in Wistar rats using a caliper and ultrasonography in experimental surgery

Forty Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups. A tensile force of 1.6 Newton (N) and 1.0 N was applied to the right spermatic cord in group I and group II, respectively. Group III was the sham group, and group IV served as a control. The initial and final testicular volumes were measured using a caliper and ultrasonography and compared. A significance level of 5% was used.

RESULTS:

The Kappa coefficient was equal to 0.292 (p = 0.006). The Pearson correlation coefficient obtained for the percent reduction in the right testicular volume using ultrasonography and a caliper was equal to 0.696 (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:

There was reasonable agreement and a significant positive correlation between the percent reduction in the right testicular volume using ultrasonography and a caliper.

Key words:
Ultrasonography; Testis; Orchiopexy; Traction; Rats

Authorship

Salomão Brêtas

Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Sciences Applied to Surgery and Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil. Concept, design, and intellectual content of the study; manuscript preparation; technical procedures.Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBrazilBrazilFellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Sciences Applied to Surgery and Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil. Concept, design, and intellectual content of the study; manuscript preparation; technical procedures.

Edson Samesima Tatsuo

PhD, Full Professor, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, UFMG, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil. Concept, design, and intellectual content of the study; manuscript preparation; critical revision.UFMGBrazilBelo Horizonte, MG, BrazilPhD, Full Professor, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, UFMG, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil. Concept, design, and intellectual content of the study; manuscript preparation; critical revision.

Monica Odete Oliveira Brêtas

MD, Fellow, Audit and Regulation Mechanisms in Health, Fundação Unimed, Universidade Gama Filho (UGF), Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil. Acquisition and interpretation of data.Universidade Gama FilhoBrazilRio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilMD, Fellow, Audit and Regulation Mechanisms in Health, Fundação Unimed, Universidade Gama Filho (UGF), Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil. Acquisition and interpretation of data.

Caroline Oliveira Brêtas

Graduate student, Medical Sciences, Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória (EMESCAM), Vitória-ES, Brazil. Acquisition and interpretation of data, technical procedures.Santa Casa de Misericórdia de VitóriaBrazilVitória, ES, BrazilGraduate student, Medical Sciences, Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória (EMESCAM), Vitória-ES, Brazil. Acquisition and interpretation of data, technical procedures.

Correspondence: Salomão Brêtas Rua Eugenio Netto, 488/703 29055-270 Vitória - ES Brasil Tel.: (55 27) 32277606 / 999826782 sbretas@gmail.com

Conflict of interest: none

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures | Tables

Figures (4)
Tables (4)

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FIGURE 1
The hook was introduced into the window created in the right spermatic cord and is tied to surgical thread in order to help with the traction process.

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FIGURE 2
Preoperative traction of the right spermatic cord. The arrow indicates the direction of the stretching force.

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FIGURE 3
Ultrasonography of the right testis of rat 9 Group I made preoperatively the first operation. The initial testicular volume right was 1.98 cm³3. Love CC, Garcia MC, Riera FR, Kenney RM. Evaluation of measures taken by ultrasonography and caliper to estimate testicular volume and predict daily sperm output in the stallion. J Reprod Fert. 1991;44:99-105. PMID: 1795307.

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FIGURE 4
Ultrasonography of the right testis of rat 9 Group I made previous to the second operation. The final testicular volume right was 0.41 cm³3. Love CC, Garcia MC, Riera FR, Kenney RM. Evaluation of measures taken by ultrasonography and caliper to estimate testicular volume and predict daily sperm output in the stallion. J Reprod Fert. 1991;44:99-105. PMID: 1795307..

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TABLE 1
Comparison between the left and right testicular volumes measured with a caliper and ultrasonography.

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TABLE 2
Reduction in testicular volume.

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TABLE 3
Percent reduction in right testicular volume measured via ultrasonography and caliper in rats from groups I, II, and III.

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TABLE 4
Correlation between a reduction in the right testicular volume measured via ultrasonography and a caliper.

FIGURE 1 The hook was introduced into the window created in the right spermatic cord and is tied to surgical thread in order to help with the traction process.

FIGURE 2 Preoperative traction of the right spermatic cord. The arrow indicates the direction of the stretching force.

FIGURE 3 Ultrasonography of the right testis of rat 9 Group I made preoperatively the first operation. The initial testicular volume right was 1.98 cm³3. Love CC, Garcia MC, Riera FR, Kenney RM. Evaluation of measures taken by ultrasonography and caliper to estimate testicular volume and predict daily sperm output in the stallion. J Reprod Fert. 1991;44:99-105. PMID: 1795307.

FIGURE 4 Ultrasonography of the right testis of rat 9 Group I made previous to the second operation. The final testicular volume right was 0.41 cm³3. Love CC, Garcia MC, Riera FR, Kenney RM. Evaluation of measures taken by ultrasonography and caliper to estimate testicular volume and predict daily sperm output in the stallion. J Reprod Fert. 1991;44:99-105. PMID: 1795307..

TABLE 1 Comparison between the left and right testicular volumes measured with a caliper and ultrasonography.

Characteristics	Testicular volume (cm³)								p-value
	Caliper				Ultrasonography
	n	Mean	SD	Median	n	Mean	SD	Median
Right side
Initial testicular volume	30	1.2	0.2	1.2	30	1.5	0.3	1.6	<0.001²
Final testicular volume	39	1.1	0.4	1.0	39	1.1	0.4	1.1	0.611²
Variation in testicular volume Testicular	30	-0.3	0.3	-0.3	30	-0.6	0.4	-0.5	0.004¹
Variation in testicular volume compared with baseline (%)	30	-25.5	25.0	-25.8	30	-36.9	25.8	-30.5	0.004²
Left side
Final testicular volume	39	1.4	0.2	1.4	39	1.6	0.3	1.6	0.002²

n = number of animals in each group; SD = Standard Deviation
1Wilcoxon test; 2Paired t-test.

TABLE 2 Reduction in testicular volume.

Characteristics	Group I	Group II	Group III	Group IV	Total	p-value
Variation of the right testicular volume via ultrasonography (%)				0.047¹
No reduction	0	1	1	3	5
< 10	0	0	0	2	2
10 to 29.9	3	7	3	3	16
30 to 50	4	2	2	1	9
> 50	3	0	4	0	7
Variation of the right testicular volume via caliper (%)				0.001¹
No reduction	0	0	4	X	4
< 10	1	0	1	X	2
10 to 29.9	5	8	0	X	13
30 to 50	1	2	3	X	6
> 50	3	0	2	X	5
Variation of the left testicular volume via ultrasonography (%)				0.427¹
No reduction	2	1	2	2	7
< 10	1	2	5	2	10
10 to 29.9	4	6	3	5	18
30 to 50	3	1	0	0	4

¹Fisher's exact test.

TABLE 3 Percent reduction in right testicular volume measured via ultrasonography and caliper in rats from groups I, II, and III.

Characteristics	Decrease in the volume measured with a caliper (%)				Total	p-value
Characteristics	Without reduction or with a reduction of <10	10 to 29.9	30 to 50	> 50
Reduction in the measurement via ultrasonography (%)						0.006
Without reduction or with a reduction of <10	1	1	0	0	2
10 to 29.9	4	8	1	0	13
30 to 50	1	4	2	1	8
> 50	0	0	3	4	7

Kappa = 0.292 (95% CI: 0.082 to 0.503).

TABLE 4 Correlation between a reduction in the right testicular volume measured via ultrasonography and a caliper.

Characteristic	Coefficient	p-value
Reduction in % in both examinations	0.696	<0.001¹

¹Pearson correlation.

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Measurement of testicular volume in Wistar rats using a caliper and ultrasonography in experimental surgery

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[1] Correspondence: Salomão Brêtas Rua Eugenio Netto, 488/703 29055-270 Vitória - ES Brasil Tel.: (55 27) 32277606 / 999826782 sbretas@gmail.com