Stereological study and analysis of oxidative stress during renal aging in rats

Melchioretto, Eduardo Felippe; Zeni, Marcelo; Veronez, Djanira Aparecida da Luz; Filipak Neto, Francisco; Digner, Ingridy de Souza; Fraga, Rogerio de

doi:10.1590/ACTA351106

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Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira

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Sumário

ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Acta Bras Cir 35 (11) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/ACTA351106 copy

Stereological study and analysis of oxidative stress during renal aging in rats¹ 1 Research performed at Laboratory of Anatomy and Experimental Surgery, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba-PR, Brazil. Part of PhD degree thesis, Postgraduate Program in Surgical Clinic. Tutor: Rogerio de Fraga.

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate renal histological changes by stereology and morphometry and analyze the main markers of oxidative stress in rats undergoing natural aging.

Methods

Seventy two Wistar rats were divided into six groups of 12 rats each, which were euthanized at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months of age. Right kidney was stereologically and morphometrically analyzed to calculate the volumetric density (Vv_[glom]), numerical density (Nv_[glom]) and glomerular volume (Vol_[glom]). Left kidney was used to determine the levels of nonprotein thiols, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation, as well as the activities of superoxide-dismutase and catalase enzymes.

Results

Both Vv_[glom] and Nv_[glom] values showed gradual decreases between groups. Activity of superoxide-dismutase was elevated at 24 months of age, and the levels of nonprotein thiols were higher in older animals. Greater catalase activity and protein carbonylation were observed in animals between 6 and 12 months of age but lessened in older rats. Lipid peroxidation decreased in the older groups.

Conclusions

Morphometric and stereological analyses revealed a gradual decrease in the volume and density of renal glomeruli during aging, as well as kidney atrophy. These findings related to oxidative stress clarify many changes occurring in kidney tissues during senescence in rats.

Key words
Aging; Kidney; Oxidative Stress; Rats

Variable	Group	n	Mean	Median	Minimum	Maximum	Standard deviation	p-value^* * Single-factor ANOVA, p < 0.05
Vv_[glom]	3 months	12	13.18	13.26	12.62	13.71	0.37
	6 months	12	10.72	10.81	9.38	11.81	0.66
	9 months	12	9.94	10.24	7.81	11.91	1.15
	12 months	12	6.60	6.41	5.24	9.38	1.32
	18 months	12	4.50	4.36	3.10	5.62	0.83
	24 months	12	1.82	1.67	1.43	2.43	0.35	< 0.001

Vv _[glom]		Nv _[glom]		Vol _[glom]
Pair-wise group	p-value^* * LSD test	Pair-wise group	p-value^* * LSD test	Pair-wise group	p-value^* * LSD test
3 × 6	< 0.001	3 × 6	< 0.001	3 × 6	0.792
3 × 9	< 0.001	3 × 9	< 0.001	3 × 9	< 0.001
3 × 12	< 0.001	3 × 12	< 0.001	3 × 12	< 0.001
3 × 18	< 0.001	3 × 18	< 0.001	3 × 18	< 0.001
3 × 24	< 0.001	3 × 24	< 0.001	3 × 24	< 0.001
6 × 9	0.029	6 × 9	0.007	6 × 9	0.007
6 × 12	< 0.001	6 × 12	< 0.001	6 × 12	< 0.001
6 × 18	< 0.001	6 × 18	< 0.001	6 × 18	< 0.001
6 × 24	< 0.001	6 × 24	< 0.001	6 × 24	< 0.001
9 × 12	< 0.001	9 × 12	< 0.001	9 × 12	0.144
9 × 18	< 0.001	9 × 18	< 0.001	9 × 18	0.457
9 × 24	< 0.001	9 × 24	< 0.001	9 × 24	0.178
12 × 18	< 0.001	12 × 18	< 0.001	12 × 18	0.467
12 × 24	< 0.001	12 × 24	< 0.001	12 × 24	0.006
18 × 24	< 0.001	18 × 24	< 0.001	18 × 24	0.039

Variable	Group	n	Mean	Median	Minimum	Maximum	Standard deviation	p-value ^* * Single-factor ANOVA, p < 0.05
Nv_[glom]	3 months	12	1657.7	1662.1	1604.4	1717.9	31.3
	6 months	12	1353.2	1351.0	1138.5	1608.9	128.9
	9 months	12	1487.1	1508.2	1250.0	1771.9	157.8
	12 months	12	1059.5	1063.1	799.1	1283.2	147.5
	18 months	12	694.9	655.5	461.0	927.5	124.4
	24 months	12	264.2	242.3	207.6	353.0	50.7	< 0.001

Variable	Group	n	Mean	Median	Minimum	Maximum	Standard deviation	p-value*
Vol_[glom]	3 months	12	7.96	7.99	7.67	8.26	0.20
	6 months	12	8.00	8.03	7.19	8.58	0.40
	9 months	12	6.68	6.73	6.22	7.08	0.24
	12 months	12	6.45	6.48	5.83	7.37	0.51
	18 months	12	6.56	6.66	5.37	7.26	0.54
	24 months	12	6.88	6.88	6.88	6.88	0.001	< 0.001

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[1] Correspondence:
Eduardo Felippe Melchioretto Rua Padre Henrique Muller, 219/12 89280-376 São Bento do Sul – Santa Catarina – Brasil Tel.: (55 47)99250-5335 melchioretto@gmail.com