2015 |
Yücel et al.(1010 Yücel E, Aslan F, Özkan HB, Sennaroglu L. Recent rehabilitation experience with pediatric ABI users. J Int Adv Otol. 2015;11(2):110-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/iao.2015.915. PMid:26380998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5152/iao.2015.915...
)
|
Turkey |
36 |
3 to 12 |
F/M |
Aplasia and/or hypoplasia of the cochlea or auditory nerve. |
Categories of Auditory Perception - CAP |
Most achieved auditory recognition of vocabulary words in a closed set. Twelve children achieved sentence recognition in an open set. Three children talk on the phone. They all have poor vocabulary and require visual communication. |
Main ABI disadvantage: speech intelligibility. |
Speech Intelligibility Rating - SIR |
Functioning After Pediatric Cochlear Implantation - FAPCI |
Children’s Auditory Perception Skills Test in Turkish - CIAT |
2015 |
Puram et al.(1111 Puram SV, Herrmann B, Barker FG 2nd, Lee DJ. Retrosigmoid craniotomy for auditory brainstem implantation in adult patients with neurofibromatosis Type 2. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2015;76(6):440-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1544121. PMid:27054058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1544121...
)
|
USA |
5 |
20 to 66 |
F/M |
NF-2 |
Behavioral hearing assessment tests |
Two participants achieved auditory recognition of open-set vocabulary words. |
All patients achieved minimal sound awareness, with most patients achieving reasonable hearing thresholds over a wide range of frequencies if the device is worn daily. |
2016 |
Lundin et al.(1212 Lundin K, Stillesjo F, Nyberg G, Rask-Andersen H. Self-reported benefit, sound perception and quality-of-life in patients with auditory brainstem implants (ABIs). Acta Otolaryngol. 2016;136(1):62-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016489.2015.1079925. PMid:26426855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016489.2015....
)
|
Sweden |
11 |
23 to 73 |
F/M |
NF-2 |
Categories of Auditory Perception - CAP |
Eight adults (73%) used the ABI. Most could discriminate speech from music but could not distinguish between two voices or similar sounds. One child was able to recognize familiar voices. |
Auditory brainstem implant is a valuable treatment in patients with NF-2 and children with congenital malformations of the inner ear and cochlear ossification. |
0 |
6 to 8 |
M |
S. of Goldenhar
|
|
|
|
Cochlear ossification |
2016 |
Sennaroğlu et al.(1313 Sennaroğlu L, Sennaroğlu G, Yücel E, Bilginer B, Atay G, Bajin MD, et al. Long-term results of ABI in children with severe inner ear malformations. Otol Neurotol. 2016;37(7):865-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000001050. PMid:27273392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000...
)
|
Turkey |
60 |
1 to 5 |
F/M |
Hypoplasia of the cochlea and/or auditory nerve. |
Categories of Auditory Perception - CAP |
Children with more than one year of ABI can achieve simple sentence recognition in an open set. Language scores did not reach those of a CI user. Sign language use is required. |
Auditory brainstem implant is an acceptable and effective treatment modality for the pediatric population with inner ear malformations. |
Speech Intelligibility Rating - SIR |
Functioning After Pediatric Cochlear Implantation - FAPCI |
2016 |
Lundin et al.(1414 Lundin K, Stillesjö F, Nyberg G, Rask-Andersen H. Experiences from Auditory Brainstem Implantation (ABIs) in four paediatric patients. Cochlear Implants Int. 2016;17(2):109-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2016.1142693. PMid:26841821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2016....
)
|
Sweden |
4 |
3 to 5 |
F/M |
Cochlear ossification |
Categories of Auditory Perception - CAP |
Two children achieved discrimination of Ling sounds. One became responsive to environmental sounds after three months. The first 12 months included vague reactions. |
Three out of four children benefited from ABI. |
Cochlear aplasia |
|
2016 |
Puram et al.(1515 Puram SV, Barber SR, Kozin ED, Shah P, Remenschneider A, Herrmann BS, et al. Outcomes following Pediatric Auditory Brainstem Implant Surgery. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016 Jul;155(1):133-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599816637599. PMid:27095049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01945998166375...
)
|
USA |
4 |
Average of 3. |
F/M |
Cochlear and/or auditory nerve aplasia or hypoplasia. |
|
All patients achieved sound detection, and some demonstrated vocalizations and imitation. |
The patients achieved some detection with the ABI. |
2016 |
Thong et al.(1616 Thong JF, Sung JKK, Wong TKC, Tong MCF. Auditory brainstem implantation in chinese patients with neurofibromatosis Type II: the Hong Kong Experience. Otol Neurotol. 2016;37(7):956-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000001101. PMid:27273391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000...
)
|
China |
8 |
18 to 51 |
F/M |
NF-2 |
Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale - IT-MAIS |
Patients achieved closed-set vocabulary recognition. No patients achieved open-set recognition. Patients reported that they could distinguish everyday sounds (phone vs. television). |
Environmental sound awareness and improved lip-reading were the main benefits observed in this study. |
2016 |
Ramsden et al.(1717 Ramsden RT, Freeman SRM, Lloyd SKW, King AT, Shi X, Ward CL, et al. Auditory brainstem implantation in neurofibromatosis Type 2: experience from the Manchester Programme. Otol Neurotol. 2016;37(9):1267-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000001166. PMid:27525707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000...
)
|
England |
49 |
18 to 71 |
F/M |
NF-2 |
Three alternative forced choice syllable test (3AFC) |
Twenty-nine patients became full-time users. Twelve became non-users. 51% achieved environmental sound discrimination. 22% achieved phoneme discrimination with ABI alone. 45% discriminated using lip-reading support. |
Most NF-2 patients implanted with ABI find the device a useful aid coupled with lipreading. |
Arthur Boothroyd (AB) monosyllabic words test
|
Almost a third of patients may end up as non-users. |
City University of New York (CUNY) sentences test
|
|
2017 |
Wilkinson et al.(1818 Wilkinson EP, Eisenberg LS, Krieger MD, Schwartz MS, Winter M, Glater JL, et al. Initial results of a safety and feasibility study of auditory brainstem implantation in congenitally deaf children. Otol Neurotol. 2017;38(2):212-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000001287. PMid:27898605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000...
)
|
USA |
4 |
2 to 5 |
F/M |
Hypoplasia or aplasia of the cochlea or auditory nerve |
Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale - IT-MAIS |
None of the children could distinguish speech from non-speech sounds or discriminate between two speakers. The authors recommend using visual communication. |
The results indicate that ABI can be feasible if performed by a competent multidisciplinary team. |
Cochlear ossification |
Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale - MAIS |
2017 |
Goyal et al.(1919 Goyal S, Krishnan SS, Kameswaran M, Vasudevan MC, Ranjith, Natarajan K. Does cerebelar flocculus size affect subjective outcomes in pediatric auditory brainstem implantation. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2017;97:30-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.03.027. PMid:28483247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2017....
)
|
India |
12 |
10 or more |
F/M |
Aplasia of the cochlea and/or auditory nerve |
Categories of Auditory Perception - CAP |
Few ABI patients could achieve recognition in an open set. |
Complications that hinder the placement of ABI electrodes can adversely affect postoperative subjective outcomes. |
Speech Intelligibility Rating - SIR |
|
2017 |
Al-Momani et al.(2020 AI-Momani MO. Five years audiological outcomes of the first Saudi Auditory Brainstem Implant (ABI). Saudi J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017;19(1):32-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1319-8491.275311. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1319-8491.2753...
)
|
Saudi Arabia |
1 |
4 |
F |
Cochlear aplasia |
Open and closed set word recognition (does not specify test). |
The results revealed good sound detection for test stimuli and environmental sounds. |
The ABI performance of most patients is equivalent to the single-channel CI performance. |
During the first two years, the child reached thresholds at about 30 dBHL for frequencies from 250 to 8000 Hz. |
At around 10%, the ABI performance is equivalent to the 2-3 channel CI performance. |
The child could issue two sentences that helped her communicate more effectively. |
|
2017 |
Jung et al.(2121 Jung NY, Kim M, Chang WS, Jung HH, Choi JY, Chang JW. Favorable long-term functional outcomes and safety of auditory brainstem implants in nontumor patients. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2017;13(6):653-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opx046. PMid:29186598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opx046...
)
|
Korea |
4 |
20 to 56 |
F/M |
Cochlear ossification |
Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale - IT-MAIS |
All but two patients improved hearing function at the last follow-up/visit. |
Auditory brainstem implants have shown favorable functional outcomes and long-term safety in non-tumor deaf patients. |
11 |
1 to 18 |
Auditory nerve aplasia or hypoplasia. |
Meaningful Use of Speech Scale - MUSS |
Ten of the 11 children demonstrated crying or increased attention. |
|
|
|
Categories of Auditory Perception - CAP |
One of the four adult patients could achieve speech discrimination, mainly with lip-reading assistance. |
2017 |
Teagle et al.(2222 Teagle HFB, Henderson L, He S, Ewend MG, Buchman CA. Pediatric Auditoy brainstem implantation: surgical, electrophysiological and behavioral outcomes. Ear Hear. 2018;39(2):326-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000000501. PMid:29023243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000...
)
|
USA |
5 |
1.6 to 5 |
F/M |
Auditory nerve aplasia |
Categories of Auditory Perception - CAP |
Detection time ranged from two weeks to 18 months. They did not score on the IT-MAIS. No child evolved to open set recognition. They did not evolve language, and visual communication was required. |
Auditory brainstem implants are safe in children without NF-2, but the benefits appear slowly and include sound perception and suprasegmental aspects. |
Early Speech Perception Test - ESP |
Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) and/or conditioned audiometry |
2018 |
Sung et al.(2323 Sung JKK, Luk BPK, Wong TKC, Thong JF, Wong HT, Tong MCF. Pediatric auditory brainstem implantation impacto n audiological rehabilitation and tonal language development. Audiol Neurootol. 2018;23(2):126-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000491991. PMid:30227389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000491991...
)
|
China |
11 |
1.6 to 3.7 |
F/M |
Hypoplasia of the cochlea and/or auditory nerve. |
Cantonese Basic Speech Perception Test - CBSPT |
Five children achieved closed-set vocabulary recognition. Three children failed the tests, and the authors recommend the use of visual communication. |
Encouraging results of vocalization development were found, especially with ABI's continued use. |
2018 |
Asfour et al.(2424 Asfour L, Friedmann DR, Shapiro WH, Roland JT Jr, Waltzman SB. Early experience and health related quality of life outcomes following auditory brainstem implantation in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;113:140-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.07.037. PMid:30173973. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2018....
)
|
USA |
12 |
1.8 to 17 |
F/M |
Auditory nerve hypoplasia |
Glendonal Auditory Integration Scale - GASP |
Eleven of the 12 patients achieved auditory sound awareness. |
Auditory brainstem implants are good options for patients who are ineligible or fail CI. Results show that despite varying degrees of performance, the ratings were positive. |
Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale - IT-MAIS |
Some patients achieved about 50% speech perception in an open set. |
Early Speech Perception Test - ESP |
|
2018 |
Eisenberg et al.(2525 Eisenberg LS, Hammes Ganguly D, Martinez AS, Fisher LM, Winter ME, Glater JL, et al. Early communication development of children with auditory brainstem implants. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2018;23(3):249-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/deafed/eny010. PMid:29718280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/deafed/eny010...
)
|
USA |
10 |
2 to 5 |
F/M |
Aplasia and/or hypoplasia of the cochlea and/or auditory nerve |
Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale - IT-MAIS |
The children demonstrated varying levels of perception in a closed set. One child could identify 100% of sentences in a closed set after two years with the ABI and 80% in an open set after three years. All children began producing basic word patterns within one to two years after the ABI. |
Results indicate that spoken communication skills take time to develop and that visual communication remains essential for post-ABI intervention. |
Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale - MAIS |
Early Speech Perception Test - ESP |
Visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) and/or conditioned audiometry |
2018 |
Friedmann et al.(2626 Friedmann DR, Asfour L, Shapiro WH, Roland JT Jr, Waltzman SB. Performance with an auditory abrainstem implant and contralateral cochlear implant in pediatric patients. Audiol Neurootol. 2018;23(4):216-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000493085. PMid:30391957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000493085...
)
|
USA |
4 |
5 to 9 |
F/M |
Auditory nerve aplasia or hepatoplasia |
Glendonal Auditory Integration Scale - GASP |
All four children achieved sound detection between 20-40 dB. One of the children could detect Ling's sounds 100% of the time and discriminate 80% of the time. |
There was a continuous improvement in CI performance over time, even though no benefit was evident before the ABI decision. |
Three of the four used sign language. |
|
2018 |
Peng et al.(2727 Peng KA, Lorenz MB, Otto SR, Brackmann DE, Wilkinson EP. Cochlear Implantation and Auditory Brainstem Implantation in Neurofibromatosis Type 2. Laryngoscope. 2018;128(9):2163-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.27181. PMid:29573425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.27181...
)
|
USA |
10 |
22 to 66 |
F/M |
NF-2 |
Iowa tests of vowel and consonant recognition
|
In most patients, the CI performance in the first few years after implantation exceeded the ABI performance in the first few years after implantation. However, four patients showed a reduction in CI performance, and only one was confirmed to have a functional CI. |
The study concluded that ABI remains the primary method of surgical hearing rehabilitation in patients with NF-2. |
Northwestern University Children’s Perception of Speech (NU-CHIPS) |
City University of New York (CUNY) sentences |
2018 |
Malerbi et al.(2828 Malerbi AFDS, Goffi-Gomez MVS, Tsuji RK, Gomes MQT, Brito R No, Bento RF. Auditory brainstem implant in postmeningitis totally ossified cochleae. Acta Otolaryngol. 2018;138(8):722-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00016489.2018.1449964. PMid:29607748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00016489.2018....
)
|
Brazil |
10 |
2 to 18 |
F/M |
Meningitis |
Speech perception tests (speakerphone) using vowels, words, and sentences. |
Eight patients (80%) improved tonal audiometry and word and vowel perception tests after a mean follow-up of 3.3 years. Two patients recognized up to 40% of closed sentences without lipreading. Two patients showed no auditory responses. |
Auditory brainstem implants improved hearing performance in tonal audiometry and speech perception tests in cases of post-meningitis hearing loss. |
In this study, although only 25% of the patients could identify closed sentences, all eight hearing-responsive patients used the ABI daily for more than eight hours a day and reported benefits in daily communication. |
2019 |
Raghunandhan et al.(2929 Raghunandhan S, Madhav K, Senthilvadivu A, Natarajan K, Kameswaran M. Paediatric auditory brainstem implantation: the South Asian experience. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2019;136(3S):S9-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anorl.2018.08.015. PMid:30293957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anorl.2018.0...
)
|
India |
24 |
Average of 4.1 |
F/M |
Auditory nerve aplasia |
Categories of Auditory Perception - CAP |
All candidates showed gradual improvement in audiological and verbal scores after the ABI. |
Variants during surgery can hinder the bonding of ABI electrodes. However, all implants showed promising results. |
Speech Intelligibility Rating - SIR |
2019 |
Faes and Gillis(3030 Faes J, Gillis S. Expressive vocabulary growth after pediatric auditory brainstem implantation in two cases’spontaneous productions: a comparison with children with cochlear implants and typical hearing. Front Pediatr. 2019;7:191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2019.00191. PMid:31157193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fped.2019.0019...
)
|
Belgium |
2 |
6 to 12 |
|
Auditory nerve agenesis |
Categories of Auditory Perception - CAP |
One year of ABI use until the first word appears. |
Results show that children with ABI still have lagging oral language development compared to same-age children with CI. |
Recordings with parents. |
Two years after the ABI, the average hearing thresholds had improved to 37 dBHL. However, the two children were using sign language. |
|
|
2019 |
Faes and Gillis(3131 Faes J, Gillis S. Auditory brainstem implantation in children with hearing loss: effect on speech production. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2019;119:103-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.01.014. PMid:30690306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2019....
)
|
Belgium |
2 |
3 and 4 |
F |
Auditory nerve agenesis |
Recordings with parents. |
After one year of use, the first child reached the vocabulary that the second child had at the beginning of the study. They both use sign language. Vocalizations predominate at 12 months, babbling at 24 months, and words at 36 months. |
The study showed that the improvement in speech perception after ABI results in oral language production combined with sign language use. |
2019 |
van der Straaten et al.(3232 van der Straaten TFK, Netten AP, Boermans PPBM, Briaire JJ, Scholing E, Koot RW, et al. Pediatric auditory brainstem implant users compared with cochlear implant users with additional disabilities. Otol Neurotol. 2019;40(7):936-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000002306. PMid:31295204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000...
)
|
Netherlands |
10 |
1.4 to 6.2 |
F/M |
Cochlear and/or auditory nerve hypoplasia. |
Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale - IT-MAIS |
Seven children completed the evaluations. After one year, the children could recognize sounds, respond to speech, and use vocalizations to attract attention. Poorly evolved oral language compared to the development of CI children with other comorbidities. |
Children with ABIs can develop receptive and expressive language skills comparable to those with CIs with additional disabilities. |
Meaningful Use of Speech Scale - MUSS |
Categories of Auditory Perception - CAP |
Speech Intelligibility Rating - SiR |
2020 |
Rajeswaran e Kameswaran (3333 Rajeswaran R, Kameswaran M. Auditory brainstem implantation (ABI) in children without neurofibromatosis type II (NF2): communication performance and safety after 24 months of use. Cochlear Implants Int. 2020;21(3):127-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2019.1690264. PMid:31847793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14670100.2019....
)
|
India |
10 |
1.6 to 18 |
F/M |
Cochlear aplasia, auditory nerve hypoplasia, and Michel's aplasia. |
Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale - MAIS |
After 12 months, nine children detected Ling sounds and recognized /a/, /i/, and /u/. |
The provision and use of ABI are safe and allow for significant auditory development in children without NF-2 who are not candidates for CI. |
Meaningful Use of Speech Scale - MUSS |
Speech Intelligibility Rating - SiR |
Categories of Auditory Perception - CAP |
2020 |
Batuk et al.(3434 Batuk MO, Cinar BC, Yarali M, Aslan F, Ozkan HB, Sennaroglu G, et al. Bimodal stimulation in children with inner ear malformation: one side cochlear implant and contralateral auditory brainstem implant. Clin Otolaryngol. 2020;45(2):231-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/coa.13499. PMid:31854074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/coa.13499...
)
|
Turkey |
12 |
Average from 2.5 to 7 |
F/M |
Cochlear nerve aplasia; |
Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale - MAIS |
The MAIS test scores improved significantly from unilateral CI to bimodal stimulation (with the ABI). |
Children with inner ear malformation performed better with CI and contralateral ABI. |
Cochlear ossification; |
Categories of Auditory Perception - CAP |
Children obtained better scores in pattern perception, word recognition, and speech intelligibility with ABI and CI combined. |
|
Speech Intelligibility Rating - SIR |
|
|
Children’s Auditory Perception Skills Test in Turkish - CIAT |
|
2020 |
Aslan et al.(3535 Aslan F, Ozkan HB, Yucel E, Sennaroglu G, Bilginer B, Sennaroglu L. Effects of age at auditory brainstem implantation: impact on auditory perception, language development, speech intelligibility. Otol Neurotol. 2020;41(1):11-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000002455. PMid:31789803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000...
)
|
Turkey |
30 |
7 to 9 |
F/M |
Aplasia and/or hypoplasia of the cochlea and/or auditory nerve |
Categories of Auditory Performance—II (CAP II) |
All acquired basic auditory skills, such as environmental sound detection and name recognition. The group that implanted earlier could recognize familiar phrases, while the other group could only recognize familiar sounds after five years of use. Those who implanted earlier can have an understandable language if the listener pays close attention and does orofacial reading, while for late implanters, visual communication would be necessary. |
Auditory brainstem implants are feasible for providing auditory sensations in children with cochlear anomalies. Surgery under three years of age is associated with improved auditory perception and language development compared to older users. |
The Auditory Integration Scale (MAIS) |
Children’s Auditory Perception Test Battery
|
Test of Early Language Development—3 (TELD-3) |
Test of Early Language Development and Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) |
2020 |
Fernandes et al.(3636 Fernandes NF, de Queiroz Teles Gomes M, Tsuji RK, Bento RF, Goffi-Gomez MVS. Auditory and language skills in children with auditory brainstem implants. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;132:110010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110010. PMid:32234651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2020....
)
|
Brazil |
12 |
2 to 11 |
F/M |
Cochlear aplasia and cochlear ossification. |
Infant-Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale - IT-MAIS |
In the first month of using the ABI, 33% of the children responded positively. Four children in the first month detected environmental sounds. In the third month, five children (41%) showed auditory responses and answered names with visual support. |
Pediatric patients show a slow progressive development of auditory and language skills after ABI activation. |
Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale - MAIS |
Meaningful Use of Speech Scale - MUSS |