Moyeda (2017)(77 Moyeda IXG. Influencia de un entrenamiento en discriminación de estímulos tonales en la conciencia fonológica de niños preescolares. Estudio piloto. Rev Iberoam Investig Desarro Educ. 2017;8(15):529-47.) Mexico |
To check the effects of training on discrimination of tonal properties of musical stimuli for phonological awareness. |
The Primary Measures of Music Audition (PMMA). Phonological Consciousness Battery. |
Between 4 years and 6 months to 5 years and 3 months. |
28 children. |
20 sessions lasting for an average of 25 minutes; 6 evaluation sessions and 14 training sessions. |
Habibi et al. (2016)(1515 Habibi A, Cahn BR, Damasio A, Damasio H. Neural correlates of accelerated auditory processing in children engaged in music training. Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2016;21:1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2016.04.003. PMid:27490304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2016.04....
). USA |
To investigate the effects of a music training program on the auditory development of children compared to children with sports training and without any training. |
Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WISC-II). Tonal perception task. Tone / rhythm discrimination task. Long-latency auditory evoked potentials (stimuli used: violin, piano and pure tones). Electroencephalography (EEG). |
At the beginning of the study, they were between 6 and 7 years old. |
37 participants: 13 from the group with music training, 11 from the group with sports training and 13 from the group without training. |
2 years. |
Kraus and Strait (2015)(1616 Kraus N, Strait DL. Emergence of biological markers of musicianship with school‐based music instruction. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2015;1337(1):163-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12631. PMid:25773631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nyas.12631...
). USA |
To investigate the emergence of biological markers of musicianship in children and adolescents who received musical training. |
Frequency following response (FFR). |
Not specified. The authors cited ‘children and adolescents’ only. |
26 children with musical training. |
1 - 3 years. |
Moreno et al. (2015)(1717 Moreno S, Lee Y, Janus M, Bialystok E. Short‐term second language and music training induces lasting functional brain changes in early childhood. Child Dev. 2015;86(2):394-406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12297. PMid:25346534. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12297...
). Canada |
To evaluate immediate and long-lasting effects of music training and second-language learning in early childhood. |
Electroencephalography (EEG). Mismatch Negativity (MMN). Late Discriminative Negativity (LDN). Stimuli: vowels and musical notes. |
Between 4 and 6 years of age. |
36 participants, 18 in each group. After 1 year, 16 children from the French group and 14 from the music group returned for follow-up testing. |
Two 1-hour sessions per day for 20 days. |
Strait et al. (2013)(1818 Strait DL, Parbery-Clark A, O’Connell S, Kraus N. Biological impact of preschool music classes on processing speech in noise. Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2013;6:51-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2013.06.003. PMid:23872199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2013.06....
). USA |
To determine the neural impact of music training by comparing auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) with speech stimuli in quiet and noisy backgrounds. |
Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Frequency Following Response (FFR). |
Between 3 and 5 years of age. |
32 children. 18 musicians and 14 nonmusicians. |
At least twelve consecutive months up to the test date. |
Moreno and Besson (2005)(1919 Moreno S, Besson M. Influence of musical training on pitch processing: event‐related brain potential studies of adults and children. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005;1060(1):93-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1360.054. PMid:16597755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1360.05...
). France |
To check the influence of music training on pitch processing. |
Electroencephalography (EEG). |
8 years. |
20 children, 10 of whom received music training and 10 received painting training. |
8 weeks. |
Shahin et al. (2004)(2020 Shahin A, Roberts LE, Trainor LJ. Enhancement of auditory cortical development by musical experience in children. Neuroreport. 2004;15(12):1917-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200408260-00017. PMid:15305137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001756-20040...
). Canada |
To assess whether Auditory Evoked Potential components are sensitive to musical expertise in children and, if so, which components are affected. |
Electroencephalography (EEG). |
4 and 5 years. |
Cross-sectional sample: 24 children without musical training. Sample training: 13 children: 7 with music training and 6 without training. |
1 year. |
Slater et al. (2015)(2121 Slater J, Skoe E, Strait DL, O’Connell S, Thompson E, Kraus N. Music training improves speech-in-noise perception: Longitudinal evidence from a community-based music program. Behav Brain Res. 2015;291:244-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05.026. PMid:26005127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2015.05....
). USA |
To check the influence of music training on speech-in-noise perception. |
Wechsler Scale. The Hearing in Noise Test (HINT). |
8 years. |
46 children. Group 1: 19 Group 2: 27 |
Group 1: 1-year training. Group 2: 2-year training. |
Chobert et al. (2012)(88 Chobert J, François C, Velay JL, Besson M. Twelve months of active musical training in 8-to 10-year-old children enhances the preattentive processing of syllabic duration and voice onset time. Cereb Cortex. 2012;24(4):956-67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhs377. PMid:23236208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhs377...
). France |
To check the influence of music training on preattentive processing of syllable duration and voice onset time. |
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV). Mismatch Negativity (MMN). Voice Onset Time (VOT). Electroencephalography (EEG). |
8 - 10 years. |
24 children. 12 in Group with music training and 12 in the Control Group. |
12 months. |
Moreno et al. (2008)(99 Moreno S, Marques C, Santos A, Santos M, Castro SL, Besson M. Musical training influences linguistic abilities in 8-year-old children: more evidence for brain plasticity. Cereb Cortex. 2008;19(3):712-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhn120. PMid:18832336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhn120...
). Portugal |
To assess the influence of music training on language skills in children. |
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-III). Digit Span. Specific reading tests in Portuguese. Electroencephalography (EEG). |
8 years. |
32 children. 16 in the music group and 16 in the control group. |
9 months. |