Arbault et al [2626. Arbault A, Devilliers H, Laroche D, et al. Reliability, validity and feasibility of nail ultrasonography in psoriatic arthritis. Jt Bone Spine. 2016;83:539-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/jjbspin.2015.11.004. https://doi.org/10.1016/jjbspin.2015.11....
] |
2017 |
Cross-sectional |
27 patients with PsA Severity level: NR Duration (mean): 13.4 ± 94 years Age (mean): age 55 ± 16.2 years Female:40.74 % |
To determine the feasibility, reliability, and validity of nail US In PsA as an outcome measure. |
|
-
Nail bed thickness
-
Nail plate thickness
|
High |
Aydin et al [2727. Aydin SZ, Castillo-Gallego C, Ash ZR, et al. Vascularity of nail bed by ultrasound to discriminate psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and healthy controls. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2017;35:872.] |
2017 |
Cross-sectional |
86 patients with PsO and 19 healthy controls Severity level: NR Duration (mean): NR Age (mean): NR Female: NR |
To find the frequency and severity of PD signals In psoriatic nail disease compared with healthy controls to understand whether PD signals are associated with disease. |
-
Logiq E9 machine (General Electric, Wauwatosa, WI, USA)
-
Linear probe at 10-18 MHz
-
PD settings: pulse repetition frequency of 800 Hz, a Doppler frequency of 9.1, and low wall filters
|
|
Moderate |
Fassio et al [2828. Fassio A, Idolazzi L, Zabotti A, et al. AB0742 Ultrasonography of the nail unit in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: a qualitative and quantitative analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76:1314. https://ard.bmj.com/content/76/Suppl_2/1314.2.citation-tools. https://ard.bmj.com/content/76/Suppl_2/1...
] |
2017 |
Case-control |
82 cases (31 PsO, 51 PsA, and 50 controls) Severity level: NR Duration (mean): NR Age (mean): NR Female: NR |
To evaluate the presence of the nail Involvement and subclinical alterations using US In PsO and PsA. |
|
-
Nail bed thickness
-
Nail plate thickness
|
Moderate |
Paramalingam et al [2929. Paramalingam S, Taylor A, Keen H. FRI0672 Assessment of the nail bed in psoriatic arthritis (PSA) by ultrasound (US) and MRI. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017; 76:744. https://ard.bmj.com/content/76/Suppl_2/744.2.citation-tools. https://ard.bmj.com/content/76/Suppl_2/7...
] |
2017 |
Cross-sectional |
10 patients with PsA Severity level: NR Duration (mean): NR Age (mean): 55.0 (48.0-63.2) years Female: NR |
To Investigate the nail bed changes seen In patients with PsA and OA using US and MRI, and to determine the Impact of nail bed changes on quality of life. |
|
|
High |
Acquitter et al [3030. Acquitter M, Misery L, Saraux A, et al. Detection of subclinical ultrasound enthesopathy and nail disease in patients at risk of psoriatic arthritis. Joint Bone Spine. 2017;84:703-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/jjbspin.2016.10.005. https://doi.org/10.1016/jjbspin.2016.10....
] |
2016 |
Cross-sectional |
37 patients with PsO (18 with nail disease and19 with scalp PsO and/or Inverse PsO) Severity level: NR Duration (mean): (years/SD) 13.28/10.34 Nail psoriasis 17.11/13.14; Inverse and scalp psoriasis Age (mean): 47.61 (15.88) years Nail psoriasis; 47.11 (12.65) years Inverse and scalp psoriasis Female: 44.44% Nail psoriasis; 63.15% Inverse and scalp psoriasis |
To detect subclinical entheses and nail abnormalities using gray-scale and PD US between patients with nail PsO and those with Inverse and scalp PsO. |
|
-
Nail matrix thickness
-
PD signal In nail bed
-
Trilaminar appearance
|
High |
Marina et al [3131. Marina ME, Solomon C, Bolboaca SD, et al. High-frequency sonography in the evaluation of nail psoriasis. Med Ultrason. 2016;18:312-7. https://doi.org/10.11152/mu.2013.2066.183.hgh. https://doi.org/10.11152/mu.2013.2066.18...
] |
2016 |
Case-control |
23 cases with PsO and 11 controls Severity level: moderate-to- severe chronic plaque psoriasis Duration (mean): lasting at least 6 months Age (mean): 52.43±14.28SD years Female: 21% |
To evaluate both the morphologic appearance and blood flow changes in the nail apparatus of patients with PsO compared with disease-free controls using gray-scale and color and PD HRUS. |
-
Transducer ranging from 8-40 MHz (focal range 0.2-3 cm, image field 16 mm) - nail anatomy
-
Hitachi EUB 8500 System with a variable-frequency transducer ranging from 6.5-13 MHz - blood flow
-
Doppler (color Doppler: PRF 500-1000 Hz, wall filter 25-50 Hz, PD: PRF 350- 700 Hz, wall filter 22-50 Hz; color and PD)
-
Esaote US machine with 18 MHz - morphostructural changes
|
|
High |
Mendonça et al [3232. Mendonça JA. High specificity of spectral nail assessment in psoriatic arthritis patients. In: 2015 ACR/ARHP Annual Meeting; November 6-11, 2015. San Francisco; 2015.] |
2015 |
Case-control |
44 cases (PsA and 16 controls (10 healthy controls, 6 OA) |
To compare PD and SD US indexes (semiquantitative grayscale and PD scores) and RI in the nails of patients with PsA and their controls. |
|
|
High |
|
|
|
Severity level: NR Duration (mean): NR Age (mean): NR Female: NR |
|
|
|
|
El Miedany et al [3333. El Miedany Y, El Gaafary M, Youssef S, et al. Tailored approach to early psoriatic arthritis patients: clinical and ultrasonographic predictors for structural joint damage. Clin Rheumatol. 2015;34:307-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-014-2630-2. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-014-2630-...
] |
2014 |
Case-control |
126 cases (PsO) and 112 controls Severity level: PASI 124± 104 Duration (mean): 4.8±3.1 mo Age (mean): 35.9±8.7 years Female: 434% |
To identify the clinical predictors of arthritis in patients with PsO and to evaluate the use of musculoskeletal US as a predictor for inflammatory structural progression consistent with early PsA in psoriatic patients, using rheumatologic evaluation as the gold standard for diagnosis. |
|
|
Moderate |
Mendonça et al [3434. Mendonça JA, Nogueira JP, Laurido IMM, et al. SAT0191 can spectral Doppler identify nail enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis? Ann Rheum Dis. 2014; 73:659. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.4789. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2014...
] |
2014 |
Case-control |
28 cases (PsA) and 7 controls Severity level: PASI 603± 12.27 Duration (mean): 10.05± 1049 mo Age (mean): 45.3±14.61 years Female: 54.5% women |
To assess the RI in the nail bed In longitudinal and transverse planes and correlate with the presence of PD in the nail bed, change in standard trilaminar appearance of the nail, measure of the nail bed, and clinical measurements. |
-
Esaote US machine, with 6-18 MHz broadband multifrequency linear transducer
-
Doppler frequency ranging from 7.1-14.3 MHz
|
|
High |
Sandobal et a [3535. Sandobal C, Carbó E, Iribas J, et al. Ultrasound nail imaging on patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis compared with rheumatoid arthritis and control subjects. J Clin Rheumatol. 2014;20:21-4. https://doi.org/10.1097/RHU.0000000000000054. https://doi.org/10.1097/RHU.000000000000...
] |
2014 |
Case-control |
35 cases with PsA, 20 with PsO, 28 healthy subjects, and 27 with RA Severity level: PASI 3 Duration (mean): 9±1.6 mo Age (mean): 51 ±13 years Female: NR |
To show findings at finger nails level revealed by high- frequency gray-scale US and PD in patients with PsA, and cutaneous PsO compared with RA and control subjects. |
|
-
Wortsman typology
-
PD signal in nail beds
-
Nail thickness
|
High |
Aydin et al [3636. Aydin SZ, Castillo-Gallego C, Ash ZR, et al. Potential use of optical coherence tomography and high-frequency ultrasound for the assessment of nail disease in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Dermatology. 2013;227:45-51. https://doi.org/10.1159/000351702. https://doi.org/10.1159/000351702...
] |
2013 |
Case-control |
5 cases with PsO, 13 with PsA and 12 controls Severity level: NR Duration (mean): NR Age (mean): NR Female: NR |
To compare optical coherence tomography US for nail disease assessment in psoriatic disease. |
|
-
Trilaminar appearance
-
Pitting
|
High |
Aydin et al [3737. Aydin SZ, Castillo-Gallego C, Ash ZR, et al. Ultrasonographic assessment of nail in psoriatic disease shows a link between onychopathy and distal interphalangeal joint extensor tendon enthesopathy. Dermatology. 2013; 225:231-5. https://doi.org/10.1159/000343607. https://doi.org/10.1159/000343607...
] |
2012 |
Case-control |
86 cases (PsO) and 20 controls Severity level: mNAPSI 15 Duration (mean): 16 mo Age (mean): NR Female: 38.4% |
To compare US with the modified NAPSI, to Investigate the nail plate, nail matrix, and adjacent tendons in subjects with psoriatic nail disease and to test the hypothesis that nail Involvement was specifically linked to extensor tendon enthesopathy. |
-
Logiq E9 machine with a linear probe at 18-10 MHz
-
Gray-scale technique - frequency at 14 MHz, gain at 18 dB, and a dynamic range at 36 dB
|
-
Pitting
-
Nail thickness
-
Nail matrix
|
Moderate |
Gisondi et al [3838. Gisondi P, Idolazzi L, Girolomoni G. Ultrasonography reveals nail thickening in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res. 2012;304:727-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-012-1274-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-012-1274-...
] |
2012 |
Case-control |
138 cases (PsO) and 83 controls Severity level: NAPSI 18.4 ± 17.5 Duration (mean): 20 ± 12 mo Age (mean): NR Female: 15% |
To estimate nail Involvement in patients with chronic plague PsO using US. |
|
|
Moderate |
Haddad et a [3939. Haddad A, Thavaneswaran A, Chandran V, Gladman DD. Clinical and ultrasonographic features of nail disease in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. In: 2012 ACR/ARHP Annual Meeting; November 9-14, 2012. Washington, DC; 2012.] |
2012 |
Case-control |
10 PsA cases, 10 PsO cases, and 20 controls Severity level: NR Duration (mean): 21.1 ± 11.7 mo Age (mean): 54.7 ± 12.6 years Female: 22.2% |
To investigate the association between clinical and ultrasonographic features of psoriatic nail disease and to identify specific nail features associated with PsA. |
-
10-MHz linear array transducer
-
Doppler signal standardized with a pulse repetition frequency of 400 Hz, a gain of 20 dB, and a low wall
|
-
Foss of definition of the ventral plate
-
Hyperechoioc focal involvement of the ventral plate
-
Thickening of both the and dorsal and ventral plates
-
Nail bed thickness
-
Nail matrix thickness
-
Nail bed vascularity
-
Nail matrix vascularity
|
High |
El-Ahmed et al [4040. Husein El-Ahmed H, Garrido-Pareja F, Ruiz-Carrascosa JC, Naranjo-Sintes R. Vessel resistance to blood flow in the nailfold in patients with psoriasis: a prospective case-control echo Doppler-based study. Br J Dermatol. 2012; 166:54-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10579.x. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011...
] |
2011 |
Case-control |
23 PsO cases (16 with nail disease and 7 without) and 23 controls Severity level: NR Duration (mean): NR Age (mean): 42 years Female: 34.78% |
To evaluate the vascularity in the nails of patients with PsO treated with classic and biologic therapies for comparison with disease-free controls, and to evaluate whether there are differences in nail vascularity among patients with and without nail Involvement. |
|
|
High |
Gutierrez et al [4141. Gutierrez M, Filippucci E, De Angelis R, et al (2010) A sonographic spectrum of psoriatic arthritis: “the five targets.” Clin Rheumatol 29:133-142. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-009-1292-y. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-009-1292-...
] |
2010 |
Pictorial essay |
30 cases (PsA) Severity level: PASI 12.4 Duration (mean): NR Age (mean): NR Female: NR |
To show the main high-frequency gray-scale US and PD findings in patients with PsA at joint, tendon, enthesis, skin, and nail level. |
-
MyLab 70 XVG with 6-18 MHz broadband multifrequency linear transducer and Doppler frequency ranging from 7.1 to 14.3 MHz
-
Technos “Partner” System with 8-14 MHz multifrequency linear band transducer and Doppler frequency ranging from 8.3-12.5 MHz
-
Logiq with 8-15 MHz multifrequency linear transducer
|
|
High |
Gutierrez et al [4242. Gutiérrez M, Restrepo JP, Filippucci E, Grassi W. La ultrasonografía con sondas de alta frecuencia en el estudio de la piel y la uña psoriática. Rev Colomb Reumatol. 2009;16:332-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0121-8123(09)70096-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0121-8123(09)70...
] |
2009 |
Case-control |
20 cases (PsO) and 10 controls Severity level: NR Duration (mean): NR Age (mean): 32-52 years Female: 65% |
To show the main sonographic findings obtainable with “last-generation” high-frequency transducers and PD technique In patients with PsO. |
|
|
High |
Gutierrez et al [4343. Gutierrez M, Wortsman X, Filippucci E, et al. High-frequency sonography in the evaluation of psoriasis: nail and skin involvement. J Ultrasound Med. 2009;28:1569-74.] |
2009 |
Case-control |
30 cases (PsO) and 15 controls Severity level: PASI 12.3 Duration (mean): 20 mo Age (mean): 46 years Female: 40% |
To show the potential of the latest sonographic equipment using high-frequency probes and a very sensitive PD technique In depicting both skin and nail changes in patients affected by PsO. |
-
MyLab 70 XVG system with a variable-frequency transducer ranging from 6-18 MHz and a Doppler frequency ranging from 7-14 MHz
-
Gray-scale - to detect mosphostructural changes
-
PD to detect abnormal blood flow
-
SD to confirm PD signal
|
-
Nail plate
-
Nail bed
-
Thickening measurement
-
Blood flow
|
High |