Razquin et al. ( 134134. Razquin C , Martinez JA , Martinez-Gonzalez MA , Bes-Rastrollo M , Fernandez-Crehuet J , Marti A . A 3-year intervention with a Mediterranean diet modified the association between the rs9939609 gene variant in FTO and body weight changes . Int J Obes . 2010 ; 34 ( 2 ): 266 - 72 . ) |
ADIPOQ |
SNP (rs1501299 G>T) |
RCT |
Spain, high cardiovascular risk, adults (737) |
Delta-Body weight |
3-years intervention with the Mediterranean diet vs. Control diet |
Men with the TT genotype had higher body weight gain (vs. G allele carrier) after the intervention. The Mediterranean diet canceled the effect of genotype on body weight gain. |
Razquin et al. ( 134134. Razquin C , Martinez JA , Martinez-Gonzalez MA , Bes-Rastrollo M , Fernandez-Crehuet J , Marti A . A 3-year intervention with a Mediterranean diet modified the association between the rs9939609 gene variant in FTO and body weight changes . Int J Obes . 2010 ; 34 ( 2 ): 266 - 72 . ) |
ADIPOQ |
SNP (rs2241766 T>G) |
RCT |
Spain, high cardiovascular risk, adults (737) |
Delta-Body weight |
3-years intervention with the Mediterranean diet vs. Control diet |
No interactions were found |
Sánchez-Moreno et al. ( 135135. Sánchez-Moreno C , Ordovás JM , Smith CE , Baraza JC , Lee YC , Garaulet M . APOA5 gene variation interacts with dietary fat intake to modulate obesity and circulating triglycerides in a Mediterranean population . J Nutr . 2011 ; 141 ( 3 ): 380 - 5 ) |
APOA5 |
SNP (rs662799 T>C) |
Cross-sectional |
Spain, overweight or obese, adults (1465) |
BMI (kg/m 2 ), body fat (%), Waist circumference (cm), hip (cm) |
Macronutrient profile of the diet |
Only TT carriers had a higher BMI, waist and hip circumferences when their diets were high in total fat and saturated fat. |
Garaulet et al. ( 136136. Garaulet M , Corbalán MD , Madrid JA , Morales E , Baraza JC , Lee YC , et al . CLOCK gene is implicated in weight reduction in obese patients participating in a dietary programme based on the Mediterranean diet . Int J Obes (Lond). 2010 ; 34 ( 3 ): 516 - 23 . ) |
CLOCK |
SNP (rs4580704 C>G) |
Non-RCT |
Spain, overweight or obese, adults (454) |
Weight (kg), BMI (kg/m 2 ), body fat (%), waist and hip circumference (cm) |
28-weeks hypocaloric Mediterranean diet advice and maintenance protocol |
No interactions were found |
Garaulet et al. ( 136136. Garaulet M , Corbalán MD , Madrid JA , Morales E , Baraza JC , Lee YC , et al . CLOCK gene is implicated in weight reduction in obese patients participating in a dietary programme based on the Mediterranean diet . Int J Obes (Lond). 2010 ; 34 ( 3 ): 516 - 23 . ) |
CLOCK |
SNP(rs1801260 A>G) |
Non-RCT |
Spain, overweight or obese, adults (454) |
Weight (kg), BMI (kg/m 2 ), body fat (%), waist and hip circumference (cm) |
28-weeks hypocaloric Mediterranean diet advice and maintenance protocol |
G allele carriers had higher BMI at baseline and were less successful in losing weight after the intervention period. |
Garaulet et al. ( 136136. Garaulet M , Corbalán MD , Madrid JA , Morales E , Baraza JC , Lee YC , et al . CLOCK gene is implicated in weight reduction in obese patients participating in a dietary programme based on the Mediterranean diet . Int J Obes (Lond). 2010 ; 34 ( 3 ): 516 - 23 . ) |
CLOCK |
SNP(rs3749474 C>T) |
Non-RCT |
Spain, overweight or obese, adults (454) |
Weight (kg), BMI (kg/m 2 ), body fat (%), waist and hip circumference (cm) |
28-weeks hypocaloric Mediterranean diet advice and maintenance protocol |
No interactions were found. |
Corella & Ordovas ( 137137. Corella D , Ordovas JM . How does the Mediterranean diet promote cardiovascular health? Current progress toward molecular mechanisms: Gene‐diet interactions at the genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic levels provide novel insights into new mechanisms . Bioessays . 2014 ; 36 ( 5 ): 526 - 37 . ) |
FAIM2 |
SNP (rs7138803 G>A) |
RCT |
Spain, high cardiovascular risk, adults (7161) |
BMI (kg/m 2 ), body weight (kg), and waist circumference (cm) |
4.8-years intervention with the Mediterranean diet vs. Control diet |
No interactions were found |
Hosseini-Esfahani, et al. ( 4545. Hosseini-Esfahani F , Koochakpoor G , Daneshpour M , Sedaghati-khayat B , Mirmiran P , Azizi F . Mediterranean dietary pattern adherence modify the association between FTO genetic variations and obesity phenotypes . Nutrients . 2017 ; 9 ( 10 ). pii: E1064 . ) |
FTO |
SNP(rs1121980 G>A) |
Nested case-control study |
Iran, adults (627 cases and 1,254 controls) |
Obesity (BMI cut-off) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio cut-offs) |
Mediterranean diet score |
No interactions were found |
Hosseini-Esfahani, et al. ( 4545. Hosseini-Esfahani F , Koochakpoor G , Daneshpour M , Sedaghati-khayat B , Mirmiran P , Azizi F . Mediterranean dietary pattern adherence modify the association between FTO genetic variations and obesity phenotypes . Nutrients . 2017 ; 9 ( 10 ). pii: E1064 . ) |
FTO |
SNP(rs1421085 T>C) |
Nested case-control study |
Iran, adults (627 cases and 1,254 controls) |
Obesity (BMI cut-off) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio cut-offs) |
Mediterranean diet score |
No interactions were found |
Hosseini-Esfahani, et al. ( 4545. Hosseini-Esfahani F , Koochakpoor G , Daneshpour M , Sedaghati-khayat B , Mirmiran P , Azizi F . Mediterranean dietary pattern adherence modify the association between FTO genetic variations and obesity phenotypes . Nutrients . 2017 ; 9 ( 10 ). pii: E1064 . ) |
FTO |
SNP(rs1781749 T>G) |
Nested case-control study |
Iran, adults (627 cases and 1,254 controls) |
Obesity (BMI cut-off) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio cut-offs) |
Mediterranean diet score |
Only G allele carriers had decreased odds for obesity and abdominal obesity when in the highest quartiles of the Mediterranean diet score. |
Hosseini-Esfahani, et al. ( 4545. Hosseini-Esfahani F , Koochakpoor G , Daneshpour M , Sedaghati-khayat B , Mirmiran P , Azizi F . Mediterranean dietary pattern adherence modify the association between FTO genetic variations and obesity phenotypes . Nutrients . 2017 ; 9 ( 10 ). pii: E1064 . ) |
FTO |
SNP(rs3751812 G>T) |
Nested case-control study |
Iran, adults (627 cases and 1,254 controls) |
Obesity (BMI cut-off) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference and wais-to-hip ratio cut-offs) |
Mediterranean diet score |
Only T allele carriers had decreased odds for obesity and abdominal obesity when in the highest quartiles of the Mediterranean diet score. |
Hosseini-Esfahani, et al. ( 4545. Hosseini-Esfahani F , Koochakpoor G , Daneshpour M , Sedaghati-khayat B , Mirmiran P , Azizi F . Mediterranean dietary pattern adherence modify the association between FTO genetic variations and obesity phenotypes . Nutrients . 2017 ; 9 ( 10 ). pii: E1064 . ) |
FTO |
SNP(rs8050136 G>A) |
Nested case-control study |
Iran, adults (627 cases and 1,254 controls) |
Obesity (BMI cut-off) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference and wais-to-hip ratio cut-offs) |
Mediterranean diet score |
Only A allele carriers had decreased odds for obesity and abdominal obesity when in the highest quartiles of the Mediterranean diet score. |
Corella et al. ( 138138. Corella D , Ortega-Azorín C , Sorlí JV , Covas MI , Carrasco P , Salas-Salvadó J , et al . Statistical and biological gene-lifestyle interactions of MC4R and FTO with diet and physical activity on obesity: new effects on alcohol consumption . PloS One . 2012 ; 7 ( 12 ): e52344 . ) |
FTO |
SNP(rs9939609 C>A) |
Cross-sectional |
Spain, high cardiovascular risk, adults (7,052) |
BMI (kg/m 2 ), body weight (kg), and waist circumference (cm) |
Adherence do the Mediterranean diet |
No interactions were found |
Roswall et al. ( 139139. Roswall N , Ängquist L , Ahluwalia TS , Romaguera D , Larsen SC , Østergaard JN , et al . Association between Mediterranean and Nordic diet scores and changes in weight and waist circumference: influence of FTO and TCF7L2 loci . Am J Clin Nutr . 2014 ; 100 ( 4 ): 1188 - 97 . ) |
FTO |
SNP(rs9939609 C>A) |
Nested case-control study |
Europe, adults (5,552 cases and 5,496 controls) |
Delta-Body weight, and Delta-Waist circumference |
Mediterranean diet score |
No interactions were found |
Razquin et al. ( 134134. Razquin C , Martinez JA , Martinez-Gonzalez MA , Bes-Rastrollo M , Fernandez-Crehuet J , Marti A . A 3-year intervention with a Mediterranean diet modified the association between the rs9939609 gene variant in FTO and body weight changes . Int J Obes . 2010 ; 34 ( 2 ): 266 - 72 . ) |
FTO |
SNP(rs9939973 G>A) |
RCT |
Spain, high cardiovascular risk, adults (776) |
BMI (kg/m 2 ), body weight (kg), and waist circumference (cm) |
3-years intervention with the Mediterranean diet vs. Control diet |
A allele carriers had the lowest body omozy gain (vs. GG genotype) after the intervention with the Mediterranean diet. This difference was not observed in individuals omozygou to the control diet intervention. |
Hosseini-Esfahani, et al. ( 4545. Hosseini-Esfahani F , Koochakpoor G , Daneshpour M , Sedaghati-khayat B , Mirmiran P , Azizi F . Mediterranean dietary pattern adherence modify the association between FTO genetic variations and obesity phenotypes . Nutrients . 2017 ; 9 ( 10 ). pii: E1064 . ) |
FTO |
SNP(rs9939973 G>A) |
Nested case-control study |
Iran, adults (627 cases and 1,254 controls) |
Obesity (BMI cut-off) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference and wais-to-hip ratio cut-offs) |
Mediterranean diet score |
Only A allele carriers had decreased odds for obesity when in the highest quartiles of the Mediterranean diet score. |
Corella et al. ( 138138. Corella D , Ortega-Azorín C , Sorlí JV , Covas MI , Carrasco P , Salas-Salvadó J , et al . Statistical and biological gene-lifestyle interactions of MC4R and FTO with diet and physical activity on obesity: new effects on alcohol consumption . PloS One . 2012 ; 7 ( 12 ): e52344 . ) |
MC4R |
SNP(rs17782313 T>C) |
Cross-sectional |
Spain, high cardiovascular risk, adults (7,052) |
BMI (kg/m 2 ), body weight (kg), and waist circumference (cm) |
Adherence do the Mediterranean diet |
No interactions were found |
de Luis et al. ( 140140. de Luis DA , Izaola O , Primo D , Aller R . Association of the rs10830963 polymorphism in melatonin receptor type 1B (MTNR1B) with metabolic response after weight loss secondary to a hypocaloric diet based in Mediterranean style . Clin Nutr . 2018 ; 37 ( 5 ): 1563 - 8 . ) |
MTNR1B |
SNP(rs10830963 C>G) |
Non-RCT |
Spain, obese, adults ( 8080. Oki E , Norde MM , Carioca AAF , Ikeda RE , Souza JMP , Castro IA , et al . Interaction of SNP in the CRP gene and plasma fatty acid profile in inflammatory pattern: a cross-sectional population-based study . Nutrition . 2016 ; 32 ( 1 ): 88 - 94 . ) |
BMI (kg/m 2 ), body weight (kg), fat mass (g), waist circumference (cm) |
12-weeks intervention wih hypocaloric Mediterranean diet |
The improvement of the anthropometric parameters after the intervention was higher among CC cariers (vs. G allele carriers). |
Garaulet et al. ( 141141. Garaulet M , Smith CE , Hernandez-Gonzalez T , Lee YC , Ordovas JM. PPARga mma Pro12Ala interacts with fat intake for obesity and weight loss in a behavioural treatment based on the Mediterranean diet . Mol Nutr Food Res . 2011 ; 55 ( 12 ): 1771 - 9 . ) |
PPARG |
SNP(rs1801282 C>G) |
Non-RCT |
Spain, overweight or obese, adults |
Delta-Body weight |
Behavioural treatment program for obesity based on a Mediterranean diet (duration varied according to patients need) |
G allele carriers had less weight loss when fat intake was above 42.6% of total energy intake, in comparison do CC homozygotes. |
Roswall et al. ( 139139. Roswall N , Ängquist L , Ahluwalia TS , Romaguera D , Larsen SC , Østergaard JN , et al . Association between Mediterranean and Nordic diet scores and changes in weight and waist circumference: influence of FTO and TCF7L2 loci . Am J Clin Nutr . 2014 ; 100 ( 4 ): 1188 - 97 . ) |
TCF7L2 |
SNP(rs7903146 C>T) |
Nested case-control study |
Europe, adults (5,552 cases and 5,496 controls) |
Delta-Body weight, and Delta-Waist circumference |
Mediterranean diet score |
Only when the Mediterranean diet score was high, there was a lower weight gain in TT omozygous, in comparison to C allele carriers. |
Barchitta et al. ( 142142. Barchitta M, Quattrocchi A, Adornetto V, Marchese AE, Agodi A. Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha -308 G>A Polymorphism, Adherence to Mediterranean Diet, and Risk of Overweight/Obesity in Young Women. BioMed Res Int. 2014 ;2014:742620. ) |
TNF |
SNP(rs1800629 G>A) |
Cross-sectional |
Italy, women only, adults (380) |
Overweight and obesity (BMI cut-off) |
Mediterranean diet score |
No interactions were found |
Corella et al. ( 138138. Corella D , Ortega-Azorín C , Sorlí JV , Covas MI , Carrasco P , Salas-Salvadó J , et al . Statistical and biological gene-lifestyle interactions of MC4R and FTO with diet and physical activity on obesity: new effects on alcohol consumption . PloS One . 2012 ; 7 ( 12 ): e52344 . ) |
FTO, MC4R |
2-SNP GRS |
Cross-sectional |
Spain, high cardiovascular risk, adults (7,052) |
BMI (kg/m 2 ), body weight (kg), and waist circumference (cm) |
Adherence do the Mediterranean diet |
No interactions were found |
Garaulet et al. ( 143143. Garaulet M, Tardido AE, Lee YC, Smith CE, Parnell LD, Ordovas JM. SIRT1 and CLOCK 3111T> C combined genotype is associated with evening preference and weight loss resistance in a behavioral therapy treatment for obesity. Int J Obes (Lond). 2012 ;36(11):1436-41. ) |
CLOCK, SIRT1 |
2-SNP GRS |
Non-RCT |
Spain, overweight or obese, adults (1,465) |
Delta-Body weight (kg) |
40-weeks intervention with dietary advice to loose weight, based in the Mediterranean diet |
Individuals with higher GRS lost less body weight than individuals with lower GRS after the intervention period |
Frankwich et al. ( 144144. Frankwich KA , Egnatios J , Kenyon ML , Rutledge TR , Liao PS , Gupta S , et al. Differences in weight loss between persons on standard balanced vs nutrigenetic diets in a randomized controlled trial . Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol . 2015 ; 13 ( 9 ):1625-32. ) |
APOA2, ADIPOQ, FTO, KCTD10, LIPC, MMAB, PPARG |
7-SNP GRS |
RCT |
US, men only, adults ( 5151. Serra-Majem L , Roman-Vinas B , Sanchez-Villegas A , Guasch-Ferre M , Corella D , La Vecchia C . Benefits of the Mediterranean diet: Epidemiological and molecular aspects . Mol Aspects Med . 2019 ; 67 : 1 - 55 . ) |
proportion of individuals achieving at least 5% body weight loss |
8-weeks and 24-weeks genetic-guided dietary advice vs. Standard dietary advice |
No difference was observed between the interventions |
Hosseini-Esfahani et al. ( 4545. Hosseini-Esfahani F , Koochakpoor G , Daneshpour M , Sedaghati-khayat B , Mirmiran P , Azizi F . Mediterranean dietary pattern adherence modify the association between FTO genetic variations and obesity phenotypes . Nutrients . 2017 ; 9 ( 10 ). pii: E1064 . ) |
FTO |
6-SNP GRS |
Nested case-control study |
Iran, adults (627 cases and 1,254 controls) |
Obesity (BMI cut-off) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference and wais-to-hip ratio cut-offs) |
Mediterranean diet score |
The odds for obesity decreased across quartiles of the Mediterranean diet score only in individuals with GRS ≥ 6. No interaction was found for abdominal obesity traits. |
San-Cristobal et al. ( 3636. San-Cristobal R , Navas-Carretero S , Livingstone K , Celis-Morales C , Macready A , Fallaize R , et al . Mediterranean diet adherence and genetic background roles within a web-based nutritional intervention: The food4me study . Nutrients . 2017 ; 9 ( 10 ). pii: E1107 . ) |
ADRB2, APOA5, APOE, BCMO1, COMT, GC, GPX1, MTHFR, SLCA4, SOD2, TCF7L2, TPH2, VDR |
14-SNP GRS |
RCT |
Europe, adults (1,263) |
BMI (kg/m 2 ) and waist circumference (cm) |
6-month personalized dietary advice based in Mediterranean diet |
No interactions were found. |
Ding et al. ( 145145. Ding M , Ellervik C , Huang T , Jensen MK , Curhan GC , Pasquale LR , et al . Diet quality and genetic association with body mass index: results from 3 observational studies . Am J Clin Nutr . 2018 ; 108 ( 6 ): 1291 - 300 . ) |
Near 158 genes associated with BMI |
97-SNP GRS |
3-Longitudinal cohorts (pooled) |
US, adults (31,058) |
BMI (kg/m 2 ) |
Alternative Mediterranean diet score |
Individuals in the highers tertile of the alternative Mediterranean diet score had lower increases in BMI per 10 risk allele increase of the GRS |
Ding et al. ( 145145. Ding M , Ellervik C , Huang T , Jensen MK , Curhan GC , Pasquale LR , et al . Diet quality and genetic association with body mass index: results from 3 observational studies . Am J Clin Nutr . 2018 ; 108 ( 6 ): 1291 - 300 . ) |
Near 102 genes associated with BMI and highly expressed in central nervous system |
54-SNP GRS |
3-Longitudinal cohorts (pooled) |
US, adults (31,058) |
BMI (kg/m 2 ) |
Alternative Mediterranean diet score |
Individuals in the highers tertile of the alternative Mediterranean diet score had lower increases in BMI per 10 risk allele increase of the GRS |
Ding et al. ( 145145. Ding M , Ellervik C , Huang T , Jensen MK , Curhan GC , Pasquale LR , et al . Diet quality and genetic association with body mass index: results from 3 observational studies . Am J Clin Nutr . 2018 ; 108 ( 6 ): 1291 - 300 . ) |
Near 56 genes associated with BMI and highly expressed in tissues other than the central nervous system |
43-SNP GRS |
3-Longitudinal cohorts (pooled) |
US, adults (31,058) |
BMI (kg/m 2 ) |
Alternative Mediterranean diet score |
No interactions were found |
Hennein et al. ( 146146. Hennein R , Liu C , McKeown NM , Hoffmann U , Long MT , Levy D , et al . Increased Diet Quality is Associated with Long-Term Reduction of Abdominal and Pericardial Fat . Obesity . 2019 ; 27 ( 4 ): 670 - 7 . ) |
Intergenic, long non-coding RNA, regulatory regions |
4-SNP GRS |
Longitudinal cohort |
US, adults (1,677) |
pericardial fat depots |
Mediterranean diet score |
Only individuals in the high-GRS cathegory had increased pericardial fat depot when Mediterranean diet score decreased during the follow-up period |
Hennein et al. ( 146146. Hennein R , Liu C , McKeown NM , Hoffmann U , Long MT , Levy D , et al . Increased Diet Quality is Associated with Long-Term Reduction of Abdominal and Pericardial Fat . Obesity . 2019 ; 27 ( 4 ): 670 - 7 . ) |
Intergenic, long non-coding RNA |
2-SNP GRS |
Longitudinal cohort |
US, adults (1,677) |
visceral fat depots |
Mediterranean diet score |
No interactions were found. |
Hennein et al. ( 146146. Hennein R , Liu C , McKeown NM , Hoffmann U , Long MT , Levy D , et al . Increased Diet Quality is Associated with Long-Term Reduction of Abdominal and Pericardial Fat . Obesity . 2019 ; 27 ( 4 ): 670 - 7 . ) |
FTO, ATXN1 |
3-SNP GRS |
Longitudinal cohort |
US, adults (1,677) |
subcutaneous fat depots |
Mediterranean diet score |
No interactions were found. |